Citations 4
Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Collaborators, GBD 2021 Global Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Risk Factors, Rautalin, Ilari, Stark, Benjamin, Johnson, Catherine O., Kaprio, Jaakko , Korja, Miikka, Krishnamurthi, Rita , Nair, Balakrishnan , Vergouwen, Mervyn D. I. , Abdelkader, Atef , Abdullahi, Auwal , Abualruz, Hasan , Abukhadijah, Hana J , Adamu, Lawan Hassan, Adegboye, Oyelola A. , Adzigbli, Leticia Akua, Agyemang‐Duah, Williams , Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Aqeel , Ahmad, Danish , Ahmadzade, Amir Mahmoud , Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed , Ali, Mohammed Usman, Alif, Sheikh Mohammad , Alimohamadi, Yousef, Alsabri, Mohammed , Altaf, Awais , Alvis‐Guzmán, Nelson , Alwafi, Hassan , Al‐Wardat, Mohammad , Alyahya, Mohammad S. , Amin, Tarek Tawfik , Amindarolzarbi, Alireza , Amusa, Ganiyu , Angappan, Dhanalakshmi , Anuoluwa, Boluwatife Stephen, Anwar, Saleha, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward , Apostol, Geminn Louis Carace, Areda, Demelash, Artamonov, Anton A, Artanti, Kurnia Dwi , Ashemo, Mubarek Yesse , Athar, Mohammad , Aujayeb, Avinash , Awotidebe, Adedapo Wasiu , Azadnajafabad, Sina , Aziz, Shahkaar , Bagheri, Nasser , Taqanaki, Pegah Bahrami , Bahramian, Saeed , Bai, Ruhai , Baig, Atif Amin , Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin , Bam, Kiran, Barker‐Collo, Suzanne , Bärnighausen, Till , Bastan, Mohammad‐Mahdi , Basu, Sanjay , Bell, Shelly L, Benseñor, Isabela M , Berhie, Alemshet Yirga , Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth , Bhaskar, Sonu , Bhat, Ajay Nagesh, Bhat, Vivek , Birhan, Mekuriaw Mesfin , Borhany, Hamed, Breitner, Susanne , Bulamu, Norma B. , Butt, Zahid A , Cabral, Lucas Scotta , Santos, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos , Cámera, Luis Alberto , Capodici, Angelo , Chadwick, Joshua , Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo , Chanie, Gashaw Sisay , Chattu, Vijay Kumar , Chi, Gerald, Chichagi, Fatemeh , Columbus, Alyssa , Criqui, Michael H, Ohadi, Mohammad Amin Dabbagh , Dadras, Omid , Dalli, Lachlan L. , Debopadhaya, Shayom , Dervišević, Emina , Devanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan, Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman , Dhane, Amol S. , Chi, Thanh, Phuong, Thao Huynh, Dohare, Sushil , Докова, Клара , Dowou, Robert Kokou , Dsouza, Haneil Larson , Dutta, Siddhartha , Dziedzic, Arkadiusz , E’mar, Abdel Rahman, Edvardsson, David , Efendi, Ferry, Nahas, Nevine El , Elgendy, Islam Y. , Eltaha, Chadi, Emeto, Theophilus I. , Fakhradiyev, Ildar , Faris, Pawan , Fauk, Nelsensius Klau , Fazylov, Timur, Fekadu, Ginenus , Fetensa, Getahun, Fischer, Florian, Foschi, Matteo , Fridayani, Ni Kadek Yuni, Gaipov, Abduzhappar , Gajjar, Avi A. , Ganesan, Balasankar , Gebregergis, Miglas Welay, Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru , Getie, Molla , Ghadirian, Fataneh , Ghasemzadeh, Afsaneh , Gholamalizadeh, Maryam , Gil, Artyom , Goleij, Pouya , Goulart, Alessandra C. , Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia de , Guan, Shi‐Yang , Gupta, Sapna , Habibzadeh, Farrokh , Hadi, Najah R, Hankey, Graeme J. , Harlianto, Netanja I. , Hasani, Hamidreza, Hasnain, Md Saquib , Haubold, Johannes , Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Simon I , Hbid, Youssef , Heidari, Golnaz , Hiraike, Yuta, Hoan, Nguyen Quoc , Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi , Hwang, Bing‐Fang , Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel , Ikiroma, Adalia , Isola, Gaetano , Iwagami, Masao , Jacob, Louis, Jain, Akhil, Jakovljević, Mihajlo , Jatau, Abubakar Ibrahim , Jawaid, Talha, Jayapal, Sathish Kumar , Jonas, Jost B, Joseph, Nitin , Jürisson, Mikk , Kadashetti, Vidya, Kalani, Rizwan, Kamireddy, Arun , Kandel, Himal , Behnagh, Arman Karimi , Kashoo, Faizan , Kayode, Gbenga A , Kazemi, Foad , Khader, Yousef , Khaing, Inn Kynn , Khan, Fayaz Ahmad , Khan, Mohammad Jobair , Kashani, Hamid Reza Khayat , Khosla, Atulya Aman , Kim, Kwanghyun , Kim, Yun Jin , Korzh, Oleksii , Krishan, Kewal , Krishna, Varun, Krishnamoorthy, Vijay , Kuddus, Mohammed , Kulimbet, Mukhtar , Lahariya, Chandrakant, Lai, Daphne Teck Ching , Lai, Hanpeng , Laksono, Tri, Lallukka, Tea , Latifinaibin, Kaveh, Le, Nhi Huu Hanh, Le, Thao T. , Lee, Munjae , Lee, Yo Han , Lenzi, Jacopo , Leonardi, Matilde, Li, Ming‐Chieh , Li, Xiaopan , Lim, Stephen S , Lin, Jialing , Saute, Ricardo Lutzky , Malik, Ahmad Azam , Marateb, Hamid Reza , Maroufi, Seyed Farzad , Maugeri, Andrea , McPhail, Steven , Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Mettananda, Chamila Dinushi Kukulege , Miazgowski, Tomasz , Minervini, Giuseppe , Mithra, Prasanna , Mohamed, Abdalla Z. , Mohammad, Ameen Mosa , Mohammed, Shafiu , Moni, Mohammad Ali , Moradi, Yousef, Moraga, Paula , Morawska, Lídia , Munjal, Kavita , Murray, Christopher J L , Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman , Naik, Ganesh R. , Najdaghi, Soroush , Davani, Delaram Narimani , DELETE-ME, Nawsherwan, Nazri-Panjaki, Athare , Negoi, Ruxandra Irina , Nematollahi, Soroush , Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien, Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien, Nguyen, Phat Tuan , Nguyễn, Văn Thành , Niazi, Robina Khan, Nikoobar, Ali , Sá, Antonio Tolentino Nogueira de , Nomura, Shuhei , Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe , Oancea, Bogdan , Ojo-Akosile, Tolulope R, Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Moraes de , Olorukooba, Abdulhakeem Abayomi , Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi , Ouyahia, Amel, A, Mahesh Padukudru P, Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B. , Parikh, Romil R., Park, Seoyeon , Pedersini, Paolo , Peprah, Emmanuel , Perico, Norberto, Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily, Plotnikov, Evgenii , Полибин, Р. 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A., Wubie, Yihun Miskir, Xiao, Hong , Xu, Xiaoyue , Yano, Yuichiro , Yarahmadi, Amir , Ye, Pengpeng, Yon, Dong Keon , Zanghì, Aurora , Zare, Iman, Zastrozhin, Michael, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang , Zhang, Zhiqiang , Zhang, Zhiqiang, Zhao, Hanqing , Zhou, Shang Cheng, Zhumagaliuly, Abzal , Zia, Hafsa, Roth, Gregory A., Topór‐Mądry, Roman , Oliveira, Arão Belitardo , Rahim, Fakher , Saddik, Basema , Waheed, Yasir , Liu, Xuefeng , Zhang, Yunquan , Ozair, Ahmad , Buendía, Jefferson Antonio , Korja, Miikka , Baig, Atif Amin , Shanawaz, Mohd , Elgendy, Islam Y , Hankey, Graeme J , Alif, Sheikh M , Rezaei, Negar , Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth , Van den Eynde, Jef , Ozair, Ahmad , Collaborators, GBD 2021 Global Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Risk Factors, Rautalin, Ilari Matias , Volovici, Victor , Ranta, Annemarei , Rinkel, Gabriël J.E. , Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abbastabar, Hedayat , Abd-Allah, Foad , Abdi, Parsa , Abdollahi, Arash , Abiodun, Olugbenga Olusola , Aboagye, Richard Gyan , Abouzid, Mohamed , Abtahi, Dariush , Abu‐Rumeileh, Samir , Abualhasan, Ahmed , Abu‐Zaid, Ahmed , Addo, Isaac Yeboah , Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji , Adra, Saryia , Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku , Ahmed, Ali , Ahmed, Haroon , Ahmed, Syed Anees , Aji, Budi , Al‐Ajlouni, Yazan A. , Al‐Aly, Ziyad , ALBashtawy, Mohammed , Aljunid, Syed Mohamed , Alomari, Mahmoud A. , Alrawashdeh, Ahmad , Alsabri, Mohammed A., Salman, Rustam Al‐Shahi , Al‐Tammemi, Ala’a B. , Al‐Worafi, Yaser Mohammed , Aly, Hany Z. , Alzoubi, Karem Hasan , Amani, Reza, Anderlini, Deanna , Anil, Abhishek , Arabloo, Jalal , Ärnlöv, Johan , Arumugam, Ashokan , Aryan, Zahra , Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asghari , Ashraf, Tahira , Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin , Azzam, Ahmed Y , Babu, Giridhara R. , Bako, Abdulaziz Tijjani , Banach, Maciej , Bandyopadhyay, Soham , Banik, Biswajit , Bardhan, Mainak , Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat , Barua, Lingkan , Beyene, Kebede Abera , Bhat, Vivek, Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur , Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh , Bijani, Ali , Bikbov, Boris , Birhanu, Mulugeta Molla , Bitra, Veera Raghavulu , Boloor, Archith , Brenner, Hermann , Bugiardini, Raffaele , Călina, Daniela Cornelia , Campos, Luciana Aparecida , Campos‐Nonato, Ismael , Carvalho, Félix , Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A , Catapano, Alberico Luigi , Cegolon, Luca , Chakraborty, Chiranjib , Chakraborty, Sandip , Chandika, Rama Mohan , Chaudhary, Anis Ahmad , Chi, Gerald , Ching, Patrick R , Chopra, Hitesh , Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan , Chowdhury, E. , Chu, Dinh‐Toi , Chung, Sheng‐Chia , Silva, Alanna Gomes da , Dai, Xiaochen , Dalal, Koustuv , D’Amico, Emanuele , Dashti, Mohsen , Davletov, Kairat , Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa Vianey De la , Delgado‐Enciso, Iván , Devanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan, Dibas, Mahmoud , Doheim, Mohamed Fahmy , Dongarwar, Deepa , D’Oria, Mario , Doshi, Ojas Prakashbhai , Doshi, Rajkumar , Efendi, Defi , Efendi, Ferry , Elhadi, Muhammed , Eltahir, Mohd. Elmagzoub , Fabin, Natalia , Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis , Fahim, Ayesha , Fares, Jawad , Ferreira, Nuno Bravo , Gandhi, Aravind P. , Garg, Ravindra Kumar , Gebrehiwot, Mesfin , Ghadimi, Delaram J. , Ghahramani, Sulmaz , Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed , Ghozy, Sherief , Gilani, Jaleed Ahmed , Gnedovskaya, Elena V. , Hadei, Mostafa , Hamidi, Samer , Hanifi, Nasrin , Haro, Josep María , Hasan, Faizul , Tabatabaei, Mahgol Sadat Hassan Zadeh , Heidari, Mohammad , Hemmati, Mehdi , Holla, Ramesh , Hostiuc, Sorin , Huang, Junjie , Huynh, Hong-Han , Ikeda, Nayu , Ilaghi, Mehran , Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen , Ilić, Irena , Ilić, Milena , Islam, Md. Rabiul , Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah , Iso, Hiroyasu , Jafarzadeh, Abdollah , Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman , Kalani, Rizwan, Kamal, Vineet Kumar , Kanchan, Tanuj , Karami, Jafar , Karaye, Ibraheem M. , Karimi, Yeganeh , Kesse‐Guyot, Emmanuelle , Khan, Fayaz, Khatatbeh, Haitham , Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad , Kheirallah, Khalid Ahmed , Khidri, Feriha Fatima , Khormali, Moein , Kısa, Adnan , Kısa, Sezer , Kivimäki, Mika , Kolahi, Ali‐Asghar , Kompani, Farzad , Kostev, Karel , Kothari, Nikhil , Kunutsor, Setor K. , Kurniasari, Maria Dyah , Kusuma, Dian Palupi , Kytö, Ville , Vecchia, Carlo La , Lahariya, Chandrakant , Latief, Kamaluddin , Lee, Seung Won , Lee, Wei‐Chen , Leonardi, Matilde, Liu, Xuefeng , Lohner, Valerie , Lorenzovici, László , Lotufo, Paulo A. , Lucchetti, Giancarlo , Lusk, Jay B. , Amin, Hawraz Ibrahim M. , Malhotra, Armaan Kush , Malhotra, Kashish , Malta, Déborah Carvalho , Mansournia, Mohammad Alì , Mantovani, LG , Manu, Emmanuel, Marino, Mirko , Martínez, Ramón , Martini, Santi , Martorell, Miquel , Marzo, Roy Rillera , Mathangasinghe, Yasith , Mathews, Elezebeth , Mehmood, Asim , Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Kamran , Menezes, Ritesh G. , Meo, Sultan A , Meretoja, Atte , Meštrović, Tomislav , Sá, Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de , Minh, Le Huu Nhat , Mirică, Andreea , Мirrakhimov, Erkin М , Mirza‐Aghazadeh‐Attari, Mohammad , Mishra, Ajay Kumar , Mohamed, Ahmed Ismail , Mohammadi, Soheil , Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah , Mokdad, Ali H. , Molinaro, Sabrina , Momani, Shaher , Ghalibaf, AmirAli Moodi , Moradi, Maryam , Msherghi, Ahmed A.A. , Ansari, Noureddin Nakhostin , Nargus, Shumaila , Natto, Zuhair S. , Nauman, Javaid , DELETE-ME, Nawsherwan, Nayak, Vinod C , Newton, Charles R. , Nigatu, Yeshambel T. , Noubiap, Jean Jacques , Nugen, Fred , Oduro, Michael Safo , Okati‐Aliabad, Hassan , Okeke, Sylvester Reuben , Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul , Olagunju, Andrew T , Olaiya, Muideen Tunbosun , Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa , Ornello, Raffaele , Ortiz‐Prado, Esteban , Ouyahia, Amel , Owolabi, Mayowa , Padrón‐Monedero, Alicia , Padubidri, Jagadish Rao , Panos, Leonidas D , Pantazopoulos, Ioannis N. , Parikh, Romil R., Patel, Jay , Patel, Urvish , Patoulias, Dimitrios , Pereira, Gavin F , Perianayagam, Arokiasamy , Perna, Simone , Petermann‐Rocha, Fanny , Philip, Anil K. , Пирадов, М. А. , Pradhan, Jalandhar , Puvvula, Jagadeesh , Qasim, Nameer Hashim , Raggi, Alberto , Rahimi‐Movaghar, Vafa , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz , Rahmani, Amir Masoud , Sanati, Ali Rajabpour , Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran , Ramazanu, Sheena , Rathish, Devarajan , Rawaf, Salman , Redwan, Elrashdy M , Remuzzi, Giuseppe , Romoli, Michele, Romozzi, Marina , Ross, Allen Guy , Rout, Himanshu Sekhar , Roy, Priyanka , Saad, Aly M A , Saadatian, Zahra , Sabour, Siamak , Sacco, Simona , Sadeghi, Erfan , Saeed, Usman, Sharif‐Askari, Fatemeh Saheb , Sahebkar, Amirhossein , Sajib, Md Refat Uz Zaman , Saleh, Mohamed A. , Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo , MİLİCEVİC, Milena Santric, Saravanan, Aswini , Sarkar, Tanmay, Sarode, Sachin Chakradhar , Sartorius, Benn , Satpathy, Maheswar , Schneider, Ione Jayce Ceola , Schuermans, Art , Selvaraj, Siddharthan , Senthilkumaran, Subramanian , Sepanlou, Sadaf Ghajarieh , Shahwan, Moyad Jamal , Shamim, Muhammad Aaqib , Shamsi, Anas , Shannawaz, Mohammed , Rad, Javad Sharifi, Sharma, Vishal , Shittu, Aminu , Shiue, Ivy , Shlobin, Nathan A. , Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar , Spartalis, Michael , Stanaway, Jeffrey D , Starodubova, Antonina Vladimirovna , Szarpak, Łukasz , Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed‐Amir , Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir, Talaat, Iman Mamdouh , Temsah, Mohamad‐Hani , Thakur, Ramna , Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish, Tiwari, Krishna, Truyen, Thien Tan Tri Tai , Tsai, Daniel Hsiang‐Te , Ullah, Atta , Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran , Unsworth, Carolyn Anne, Usman, Jibrin Sammani , Valizadeh, Rohollah , Varghese, Joe , Vasankari, Tommi Juhani , Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy , Vervoort, Dominique , Villafañe, Jorge Hugo , Vinayak, Manish , Wafa, Hatem A , Walde, Mandaras Tariku, Willeit, Peter , Wolfe, Charles D.A. , Wolfe, Charles D. A., Yamagishi, Kazumasa , Yaribeygi, Habib , Yaya, Sanni , Ye, Pengpeng, Yonemoto, Naohiro , Yu, Chuanhua , Zastrozhin, Michael, Zhang, Chen , Zhang, Zhiqiang, Zielińska, Magdalena , Zyoud, Samer H. , Roth, Gregory A. , Feigin, Valery L. , Kulimbet, Mukhtar , Rahim, Fakher
JAMA Neurology | May 23, 2025 | Volume: 82 | Issue: 8 | Pages: 765
Importance Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents the third most common stroke type with unique etiologies, risk factors, diagnostics, and treatments. Nevertheless, epidemiological studies often cluster SAH with other stroke types leaving its distinct burden estimates obscure. Objective To estimate the worldwide burden of SAH. Design, Setting, and Participants Based on the repeated cross-sectional Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, the global burden of SAH in 1990 to 2021 was estimated. Moreover, the SAH burden was compared with other diseases, and its associations with 14 individual risk factors were investigated with available data in the GBD 2021 study. The GBD study included the burden estimates of nontraumatic SAH among all ages in 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2021. Exposures SAH and 14 modifiable risk factors. Main Outcomes and Measures Absolute numbers and age-standardized rates with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) of SAH incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) as well as risk factor–specific population attributable fractions (PAFs). Results In 2021, the global age-standardized SAH incidence was 8.3 (95% UI, 7.3-9.5), prevalence was 92.2 (95% UI, 84.1-100.6), mortality was 4.2 (95% UI, 3.7-4.8), and DALY rate was 125.2 (95% UI, 110.5-142.6) per 100 000 people. The highest burden estimates were found in Latin America, the Caribbean, Oceania, and high-income Asia Pacific. Although the absolute number of SAH cases increased, especially in regions with a low sociodemographic index, all age-standardized burden rates decreased between 1990 and 2021: the incidence by 28.8% (95% UI, 25.7%-31.6%), prevalence by 16.1% (95% UI, 14.8%-17.7%), mortality by 56.1% (95% UI, 40.7%-64.3%), and DALY rate by 54.6% (95% UI, 42.8%-61.9%). Of 300 diseases, SAH ranked as the 36th most common cause of death and 59th most common cause of DALY in the world. Of all worldwide SAH-related DALYs, 71.6% (95% UI, 63.8%-78.6%) were associated with the 14 modeled risk factors of which high systolic blood pressure (population attributable fraction [PAF] = 51.6%; 95% UI, 38.0%-62.6%) and smoking (PAF = 14.4%; 95% UI, 12.4%-16.5%) had the highest attribution. Conclusions and Relevance Although the global age-standardized burden rates of SAH more than halved over the last 3 decades, SAH remained one of the most common cardiovascular and neurological causes of death and disabilities in the world, with increasing absolute case numbers. These findings suggest evidence for the potential health benefits of proactive public health planning and resource allocation toward the prevention of SAH.
Burden of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke Across the US From 1990 to 2019
Renedo, Daniela , Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. , Bärnighausen, Till , Basu, Sanjay , Burkart, Katrin , Coberly, Kaleb, Criqui, Michael H. , Elgendy, Islam Y. , Gad, Mohamed M. , Hafezi‐Nejad, Nima , Kalani, Rizwan , Krishnamoorthy, Vijay , Lo, Warren , Miller, Ted R. , Misganaw, Awoke, Murray, Christopher J L , Natto, Zuhair S. , Ram, Pradhum , Roth, Gregory A. , Seylani, Allen, Shah, Nilay S. , Sharma, Purva, Song, Suhang , Wang, Cong , Xiao, Hong , Zand, Ramin , Falcone, Guido J. , Elgendy, Islam Y , Zand, Ramin , Acosta, Julián , Leasure, Audrey C. , Sharma, Richa , Krumholz, Harlan M. , Havenon, Adam de , Alahdab, Fares , Aryan, Zahra , Dai, Xiaochen , Desai, Rupak , Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda , Doshi, Rajkumar , Feigin, Valery L. , Filip, Irina , Ghozy, Sherief , Karaye, Ibraheem M. , Kısa, Adnan , Meštrović, Tomislav , Mokdad, Ali H. , Radfar, Amir , Sheikh, Aziz , Singh, Jasvinder A. , Sotoudeh, Houman , Vervoort, Dominique , Xu, Suowen , Sheth, Kevin N.
JAMA Neurology | March 4, 2024 | Volume: 81 | Issue: 4 | Pages: 394
ImportanceStroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the US. Accurate and updated measures of stroke burden are needed to guide public health policies.ObjectiveTo present burden estimates of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in the US in 2019 and describe trends from 1990 to 2019 by age, sex, and geographic location.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsAn in-depth cross-sectional analysis of the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study was conducted. The setting included the time period of 1990 to 2019 in the US. The study encompassed estimates for various types of strokes, including all strokes, ischemic strokes, intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs), and subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAHs). The 2019 Global Burden of Disease results were released on October 20, 2020.ExposuresIn this study, no particular exposure was specifically targeted.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary focus of this analysis centered on both overall and age-standardized estimates, stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs per 100 000 individuals.ResultsIn 2019, the US recorded 7.09 million prevalent strokes (4.07 million women [57.4%]; 3.02 million men [42.6%]), with 5.87 million being ischemic strokes (82.7%). Prevalence also included 0.66 million ICHs and 0.85 million SAHs. Although the absolute numbers of stroke cases, mortality, and DALYs surged from 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized rates either declined or remained steady. Notably, hemorrhagic strokes manifested a substantial increase, especially in mortality, compared with ischemic strokes (incidence of ischemic stroke increased by 13% [95% uncertainty interval (UI), 14.2%-11.9%]; incidence of ICH increased by 39.8% [95% UI, 38.9%-39.7%]; incidence of SAH increased by 50.9% [95% UI, 49.2%-52.6%]). The downturn in stroke mortality plateaued in the recent decade. There was a discernible heterogeneity in stroke burden trends, with older adults (50-74 years) experiencing a decrease in incidence in coastal areas (decreases up to 3.9% in Vermont), in contrast to an uptick observed in younger demographics (15-49 years) in the South and Midwest US (with increases up to 8.4% in Minnesota).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, the declining age-standardized stroke rates over the past 3 decades suggest progress in managing stroke-related outcomes. However, the increasing absolute burden of stroke, coupled with a notable rise in hemorrhagic stroke, suggests an evolving and substantial public health challenge in the US. Moreover, the significant disparities in stroke burden trends across different age groups and geographic locations underscore the necessity for region- and demography-specific interventions and policies to effectively mitigate the multifaceted and escalating burden of stroke in the country.
Hearing Loss Prevalence, Years Lived With Disability, and Hearing Aid Use in the United States From 1990 to 2019: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study
Collaborators, GBD 2019 USA Hearing Loss, Haile, Lydia M., Orji, Aislyn U, Reavis, Kelly M. , Briant, Paul Svitil, Lucas, Katia M., Alahdab, Fares , Bärnighausen, Till , Bell, Arielle Wilder, Cao, Chao , Hay, Simon I , Heidari, Golnaz , Miller, Ted R. , Natto, Zuhair S. , Pawar, Shrikant , Rana, Juwel , Seylani, Allen, Wei, Jingkai , Yang, Lin , Ong, Kanyin Liane , Steinmetz, Jaimie D , Eagan, Arielle Wilder , Reavis, Kelly M , Collaborators, GBD 2019 USA Hearing Loss, Haile, Lydia M., Dai, Xiaochen , Karaye, Ibraheem M. , Mokdad, Ali H. , Mostafavi, Ebrahim, Singh, Jasvinder A. , Alahdab, Fares
Ear & Hearing | September 15, 2023 | Volume: 45 | Issue: 1 | Pages: 257-267
Objectives: This article describes key data sources and methods used to estimate hearing loss in the United States, in the Global Burden of Disease study. Then, trends in hearing loss are described for 2019, including temporal trends from 1990 to 2019, changing prevalence over age, severity patterns, and utilization of hearing aids. Design: We utilized population-representative surveys from the United States to estimate hearing loss prevalence for the Global Burden of Disease study. A key input data source in modeled estimates are the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), years 1988 to 2010. We ran hierarchical severity-specific models to estimate hearing loss prevalence. We then scaled severity-specific models to sum to total hearing impairment prevalence, adjusted estimates for hearing aid coverage, and split estimates by etiology and tinnitus status. We computed years lived with disability (YLDs), which quantifies the amount of health loss associated with a condition depending on severity and creates a common metric to compare the burden of disparate diseases. This was done by multiplying the prevalence of severity-specific hearing loss by corresponding disability weights, with additional weighting for tinnitus comorbidity. Results: An estimated 72.88 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI) 68.53 to 77.30) people in the United States had hearing loss in 2019, accounting for 22.2% (20.9 to 23.6) of the total population. Hearing loss was responsible for 2.24 million (1.56 to 3.11) YLDs (3.6% (2.8 to 4.7) of total US YLDs). Age-standardized prevalence was higher in males (17.7% [16.7 to 18.8]) compared with females (11.9%, [11.2 to 12.5]). While most cases of hearing loss were mild (64.3%, 95% UI 61.0 to 67.6), disability was concentrated in cases that were moderate or more severe. The all-age prevalence of hearing loss in the United States was 28.1% (25.7 to 30.8) higher in 2019 than in 1990, despite stable age-standardized prevalence. An estimated 9.7% (8.6 to 11.0) of individuals with mild to profound hearing loss utilized a hearing aid, while 32.5% (31.9 to 33.2) of individuals with hearing loss experienced tinnitus. Occupational noise exposure was responsible for 11.2% (10.2 to 12.4) of hearing loss YLDs. Conclusions: Results indicate large burden of hearing loss in the United States, with an estimated 1 in 5 people experiencing this condition. While many cases of hearing loss in the United States were mild, growing prevalence, low usage of hearing aids, and aging populations indicate the rising impact of this condition in future years and the increasing importance of domestic access to hearing healthcare services. Large-scale audiometric surveys such as NHANES are needed to regularly assess hearing loss burden and access to healthcare, improving our understanding of who is impacted by hearing loss and what groups are most amenable to intervention.
The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Adult Lip, Oral, and Pharyngeal Cancer in 204 Countries and Territories
Collaborators, GBD 2019 Lip, Oral, and Pharyngeal Cancer, Compton, Kelly, Xu, Rixing, Mishra, Rashmi , Drangsholt, Mark, Antunes, José Leopoldo Ferreira , Acheson, Alistair, Lu, Dan , Wallace, Lindsey E., Kocarnik, Jonathan , Fu, Weijia , Dean, Frances , Pennini, Alyssa, Henrikson, Hannah , Alam, Shazia , Ababneh, Emad , Abdoun, Meriem , Abidi, Hassan , Ali, Hiwa Abubaker, Adane, Tigist Demssew , Ahmad, Aqeel , Rashid, Tarik A. , Hamad, Hanadi Al , Alahdab, Fares , Alimohamadi, Yousef, Alipour, Vahid, Anwar, Sumadi Lukman, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward , Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. , Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo , Azadnajafabad, Sina , Azangou‐Khyavy, Mohammadreza , Badar, Muhammad , Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat , Bashir, Nasir Zeeshan , Bashiri, Azadeh, Benzian, Habib , Bhagat, Devidas S. , Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S, Bouaoud, Souad, Braithwaite, Dejana , Брико, Н. И. , Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo , Chattu, Vijay Kumar , Chaurasia, Akhilanand , Chen, Mengxuan , Cho, William C. , Chu, Dinh‐Toi , Chukwu, Isaac Sunday , Chung, Eunice, Martins, Natália , Dadras, Omid , Dandona, Lalit , Dandona, Rakhi , Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz , Molla, Meseret Derbew , Dessalegn, Fikadu Nugusu, Digesa, Lankamo Ena , Dixit, Shilpi Gupta , Dixit, Abhinav , Djalalinia, Shirin , Tantawi, Maha El , Enyew, Daniel Berhanie, Erku, Daniel , Ezzeddini, Rana, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis , Falzone, Luca , Fetensa, Getahun, Fukumoto, Takeshi , Gebrehiwot, Mesfin , Ghashghaee, Ahmad , Golechha, Mahaveer , Goleij, Pouya , Gorini, Giuseppe , Guimarães, André Luiz Sena , Gupta, Sapna , Halboub, Esam , Hanif, Asif , Harorani, Mehdi , Hasani, Hamidreza, Hassan, Abbas M. , Hassen, Mohammed Bheser, Hay, Simon I , Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana , Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi , Ilić, Irena , Isola, Gaetano , Jaiswal, Abhishek , Jani, Chinmay , Javaheri, Tahereh , Jayaram, Shubha, Joseph, Nitin , Kadashetti, Vidya, Karanth, Shama D. , Kaur, Harkiran , Keykhaei, Mohammad , Khader, Yousef , Khajuria, Himanshu , Khanali, Javad , Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli , Kashani, Hamid Reza Khayat , Kim, Min Seo , Kompani, Farzad , Kurmi, Om , Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lee, Yo Han , Lim, Stephen S , Listl, Stefan , Lopukhov, Platon D , Mafi, Ahmad R , Malik, Ahmad Azam , Maulud, Sazan Qadir , Nasab, Entezar Mehrabi, Mirfakhraie, Reza , Misganaw, Awoke, Misra, Sanjeev , Mithra, Prasanna , Mohammad, Yousef , Moni, Mohammad Ali , Moraga, Paula , Mubarik, Sumaira , Murray, Christopher J L , Swamy, Sreenivas Narasimha, Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod, Nassereldine, Hasan , Natto, Zuhair S. , Nayak, Biswa Prakash , Negru, Șerban , Nggada, Haruna Asura , Núñez-Samudio, Virginia , Oancea, Bogdan , Padrón‐Monedero, Alicia , Pandey, Anamika , Patel, Jay , Pezzani, Raffaele , Piracha, Zahra Zahid , Rabiee, Navid , Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman , Rahmani, Amir M. , Rao, Sowmya J, Rath, Goura Kishor, Rawaf, David Laith , Rawassizadeh, Reza , Rezaei, Nazila, Rezapour, Aziz , Riad, Abanoub , Romero‐Rodríguez, Esperanza , Manjula, S, Chandan, S N , Saddik, Basema , Saeed, Umar , Safaei, Mohsen , Sahebazzamani, Maryam , Samy, Abdallah M , Santric-Milicevic, Milena M , Sathian, Brijesh , Satpathy, Maheswar , Šekerija, Mario , Senthilkumaran, Subramanian , Seylani, Allen, Shafaat, Omid , Sharew, Mequannent Melaku Sharew, Sharifi‐Rad, Javad , Shorofi, Seyed Afshin, Shrestha, Sunil , Malleshappa, Sudeep K Siddappa , Singh, Paramdeep , Sinha, Dhirendra Narain , Solomon, Yonatan , Suleman, Muhammad , Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi , Abkenar, Yasaman Taheri, Tan, Ker‐Kan , Tbakhi, Abdelghani, Thiyagarajan, Arulmani , Tovani‐Palone, Marcos Roberto , Volovăț, Simona Ruxandra , Westerman, Ronny, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana , Xiao, Hong , Zadnik, Vesna, Zare, Iman, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang , Force, Lisa M , Hugo, Fernando Neves , Hoogar, Praveen , Rezaei, Nazila , Rezaei, Nazila , Shivakumar, KM , Collaborators, GBD 2019 Lip, Oral, and Pharyngeal Cancer, Cunha, Amanda Ramos da , Kerr, Alexander Ross , Wallace, Lindsey E., Abd‐Elsalam, Sherief , Abu‐Gharbieh, Eman , Addo, Isaac Yeboah , Ahmad, Sajjad , Akonde, Maxwell , Al‐Maweri, Sadeq Ali , Alsharif, Ubai , Ansari‐Moghaddam, Alireza , Anwar, Sumadi Lukman, Arabloo, Jalal , Asaad, Malke, Ashraf, Tahira , Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin , Attia, Sameh , Baghcheghi, Nayereh , Banach, Maciej , Bardhan, Mainak , Bernabé, Eduardo , Bjørge, Tone , Călina, Daniela Cornelia , Carreras, Giulia , Dai, Xiaochen , Soltani, Reza Darvishi Cheshmeh , Darwesh, Aso Mohammad , Debela, Sisay Abebe , Dianatinasab, Mostafa , Sayed, Iman El , Gaewkhiew, Piyada , Gallus, Silvano , Gill, Paramjit Singh , Gomez, Ricardo Santiago , Gupta, Bhawna , Gupta, Veer Bala , Gupta, Vivek , Haj‐Mirzaian, Arvin , Halwani, Rabih , Hariyani, Ninuk , Hassanipour, Soheil , Hayat, Khezar , Holla, Ramesh , Horita, Nobuyuki , Hussain, Salman , Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen , Ilić, Milena , Jayarajah, Umesh , Kandaswamy, Eswar , Karaye, Ibraheem M. , Kauppila, Joonas H. , Tabari, Mohammad Amin Khazeei , Koohestani, Hamid Reza , Kumar, G Anil , Vecchia, Carlo La , Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Landires, Iván , Lasrado, Savita , Ledda, Caterina , Libra, Massimo , Mahumud, Rashidul Alam , Mathur, Manu Raj , Meena, Jitendra Kumar , Meštrović, Tomislav , Mohammadi, Mokhtar, Mohammadi, Esmaeil , Mokdad, Ali H. , Morrison, Shane D. , Mozaffari, Hamid Reza , Nair, Tapas Sadasivan , Nouraei, Hasti , Olagunju, Andrew T , Bali, Ahmed Omar , Padubidri, Jagadish Rao , Pardhan, Shahina , Radhakrishnan, Raghu , Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Rahmanian, Vahid , Rao, Chythra R , Rawaf, Salman , Razeghinia, Mohammad Sadegh , Rezaei, Negar , Rezaei, Nima , Rezapour, Aziz , Roberts, Thomas J. , Roshandel, Gholamreza , Saeb, Mohammad Reza , Sahebkar, Amirhossein , Farrokhi, Amir Salek , Shahsavari, Hamid R. , Shamsoddin, Erfan , Shetty, Jeevan K. , Shivakumar, K. M. , Shobeiri, Parnian , Singh, Jasvinder A. , Singh, Garima Prateek , Talaat, Iman Mamdouh , Tiyuri, Amir , Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran , Vo, Bay, Wang, Cong , Yu, Chuanhua , Yüce, Deniz , Yunusa, Ismaeel , Zoladl, Mohammad , Alahdab, Fares
JAMA Oncology | September 7, 2023 | Volume: 9 | Issue: 10 | Pages: 1401
ImportanceLip, oral, and pharyngeal cancers are important contributors to cancer burden worldwide, and a comprehensive evaluation of their burden globally, regionally, and nationally is crucial for effective policy planning.ObjectiveTo analyze the total and risk-attributable burden of lip and oral cavity cancer (LOC) and other pharyngeal cancer (OPC) for 204 countries and territories and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) using 2019 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study estimates.Evidence ReviewThe incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to LOC and OPC from 1990 to 2019 were estimated using GBD 2019 methods. The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate the proportion of deaths and DALYs for LOC and OPC attributable to smoking, tobacco, and alcohol consumption in 2019.FindingsIn 2019, 370 000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 338 000-401 000) cases and 199 000 (95% UI, 181 000-217 000) deaths for LOC and 167 000 (95% UI, 153 000-180 000) cases and 114 000 (95% UI, 103 000-126 000) deaths for OPC were estimated to occur globally, contributing 5.5 million (95% UI, 5.0-6.0 million) and 3.2 million (95% UI, 2.9-3.6 million) DALYs, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, low-middle and low SDI regions consistently showed the highest age-standardized mortality rates due to LOC and OPC, while the high SDI strata exhibited age-standardized incidence rates decreasing for LOC and increasing for OPC. Globally in 2019, smoking had the greatest contribution to risk-attributable OPC deaths for both sexes (55.8% [95% UI, 49.2%-62.0%] of all OPC deaths in male individuals and 17.4% [95% UI, 13.8%-21.2%] of all OPC deaths in female individuals). Smoking and alcohol both contributed to substantial LOC deaths globally among male individuals (42.3% [95% UI, 35.2%-48.6%] and 40.2% [95% UI, 33.3%-46.8%] of all risk-attributable cancer deaths, respectively), while chewing tobacco contributed to the greatest attributable LOC deaths among female individuals (27.6% [95% UI, 21.5%-33.8%]), driven by high risk-attributable burden in South and Southeast Asia.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic analysis, disparities in LOC and OPC burden existed across the SDI spectrum, and a considerable percentage of burden was attributable to tobacco and alcohol use. These estimates can contribute to an understanding of the distribution and disparities in LOC and OPC burden globally and support cancer control planning efforts.