Citations 2
Burden of Central Nervous System Cancer in the United States, 1990-2021
Collaborators, GBD 2021 US CNS Cancer, Han, Hyun Jin , Kim, Yun Seo , Park, Seoyeon , Shin, Jae Il , Kim, Min Seo , Areda, Demelash, Tork, Mohammad Amin Bayat , Bilgin, Gokce Belge , Chennapragada, Suma Sri , Dean, Frances , Deekonda, Sindhura, Ding, Xueting, E’mar, Abdel Rahman, Elhadi, Muhammed, Fazeli, Patrick , Fisher, James L. , Fotouhi, Maryam , Gholamrezanezhad, Ali , Ida, Fidelia , Jani, Chinmay , Kalani, Rizwan , Kazemi, Foad , Keshwani, Ariz, Khosla, Atulya Aman , Lim, Stephen S , Murray, Christopher J L , Naik, Gurudatta , Nguyen, Dang Tuan , Penberthy, Louise, Pestell, Richard G. , Prabhu, Disha , Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran, Sabet, Cameron John, Şenol, Yiğit Can , Sham, Sunder, Solanki, Ranjan , Tanwar, Manoj , Amirikah, Mike Tuffour, Verma, Anjul, Yon, Dong Keon, Yon, Dong Keon , Shin, Jae I L , Senol, Yigit Can , Collaborators, GBD 2021 US CNS Cancer, Moon, Ju Hyung , Kim, Yong Bae , Ababneh, Hazim , Abu‐Zaid, Ahmed , Arul, Santhosh , Azzam, Ahmed Y , Bardhan, Mainak , Behnam, Babak , Bhardwaj, Prarthna V , Bhuyan, Soumitra Sudip , Lomer, Nima Broomand , Chen, Mengxuan , Dai, Xiaochen , Doshi, Ojas Prakashbhai , Fares, Jawad , Iwu, Chidozie Declan , Jalloh, Mohamed, Kankam, Samuel Berchi , Mehboob, Riffat , Meštrović, Tomislav , Mokdad, Ali H. , Natto, Zuhair S. , Nguyen, Dang, Nugen, Fred , Orscelik, Atakan , Parikh, Romil R , Puvvula, Jagadeesh , Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran, Sabet, Cameron John , Schumacher, Austin E , Sherchan, Samendra , Simegn, Gizeaddis Lamesgin , Singh, Jasvinder A. , Srichawla, Bahadar Singh , Taiba, Jabeen , Yunusa, Ismaeel , Zheng, David X. , Park, Keun Young
JAMA Neurology | November 3, 2025 | Volume: 83 | Issue: 1 | Pages: 35
Importance Primary brain and central nervous system cancer (collectively referred to as CNS cancer) comprises 2% of all human cancers and poses significant health and economic challenges in the United States. Objective To analyze CNS cancer burden in the US, stratified by time, location (state and division), sex, age group, and Sociodemographic Index (SDI). Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study involved a repeated analysis of Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 data in 2024. Using data from 183 sources, CNS cancer metrics in the US were estimated across states and years. US CNS cancer metrics across all sexes and age groups were included in the GBD. Exposure CNS cancer diagnosis. Main Outcomes and Measures Overall and age-standardized estimates of the incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), years of life lost, and years lived with disability per 100 000 population, including 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), and time trends. Results In 2021, for all age groups and sexes across the US, there were 31 780 incident cases (95% UI, 29971.1 to 32843.9). Age-standardized incidence, DALYs, and mortality rates per 100 000 population were 6.91 (95% UI, 6.58 to 7.12), 134.38 (95% UI, 129.83 to 137.95), and 4.1 (95% UI, 3.87 to 4.22), respectively. Despite no significant change observed in the overall incidence between 1990 and 2021, DALY and mortality rates decreased by 15.77% (95% UI, −17.75% to −13.68%) and 8.41% (95% UI, −11.09% to −6.22%), respectively. Substantial geographic variability was noted. Mississippi, Alabama, Kentucky, and Kansas (West North Central and East South Central divisions) and West Virginia faced persistently high burdens over the past 30 years. Sex differences were evident; disease burden was consistently higher in males compared with females. Age-specific estimates showed a bimodal distribution: the youngest group (<5 years) showed a significant decrease in incidence rate (−34.42% to −11.56%), whereas older age groups (>70 years) experienced increasing trends. DALYs and mortality rates were negatively correlated with SDI (ρ = −0.6860 and ρ = −0.6391; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance These findings provide valuable insights into the CNS cancer burden across the US by age, sex, location, and SDI, enabling better public health status assessments, health care policy restructuring, and resource redistribution for improved care.
The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Adult Lip, Oral, and Pharyngeal Cancer in 204 Countries and Territories
Collaborators, GBD 2019 Lip, Oral, and Pharyngeal Cancer, Compton, Kelly, Xu, Rixing, Mishra, Rashmi , Drangsholt, Mark, Antunes, José Leopoldo Ferreira , Acheson, Alistair, Lu, Dan , Wallace, Lindsey E., Kocarnik, Jonathan , Fu, Weijia , Dean, Frances , Pennini, Alyssa, Henrikson, Hannah , Alam, Shazia , Ababneh, Emad , Abdoun, Meriem , Abidi, Hassan , Ali, Hiwa Abubaker, Adane, Tigist Demssew , Ahmad, Aqeel , Rashid, Tarik A. , Hamad, Hanadi Al , Alahdab, Fares , Alimohamadi, Yousef, Alipour, Vahid, Anwar, Sumadi Lukman, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward , Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. , Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo , Azadnajafabad, Sina , Azangou‐Khyavy, Mohammadreza , Badar, Muhammad , Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat , Bashir, Nasir Zeeshan , Bashiri, Azadeh, Benzian, Habib , Bhagat, Devidas S. , Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S, Bouaoud, Souad, Braithwaite, Dejana , Брико, Н. И. , Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo , Chattu, Vijay Kumar , Chaurasia, Akhilanand , Chen, Mengxuan , Cho, William C. , Chu, Dinh‐Toi , Chukwu, Isaac Sunday , Chung, Eunice, Martins, Natália , Dadras, Omid , Dandona, Lalit , Dandona, Rakhi , Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz , Molla, Meseret Derbew , Dessalegn, Fikadu Nugusu, Digesa, Lankamo Ena , Dixit, Shilpi Gupta , Dixit, Abhinav , Djalalinia, Shirin , Tantawi, Maha El , Enyew, Daniel Berhanie, Erku, Daniel , Ezzeddini, Rana, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis , Falzone, Luca , Fetensa, Getahun, Fukumoto, Takeshi , Gebrehiwot, Mesfin , Ghashghaee, Ahmad , Golechha, Mahaveer , Goleij, Pouya , Gorini, Giuseppe , Guimarães, André Luiz Sena , Gupta, Sapna , Halboub, Esam , Hanif, Asif , Harorani, Mehdi , Hasani, Hamidreza, Hassan, Abbas M. , Hassen, Mohammed Bheser, Hay, Simon I , Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana , Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi , Ilić, Irena , Isola, Gaetano , Jaiswal, Abhishek , Jani, Chinmay , Javaheri, Tahereh , Jayaram, Shubha, Joseph, Nitin , Kadashetti, Vidya, Karanth, Shama D. , Kaur, Harkiran , Keykhaei, Mohammad , Khader, Yousef , Khajuria, Himanshu , Khanali, Javad , Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli , Kashani, Hamid Reza Khayat , Kim, Min Seo , Kompani, Farzad , Kurmi, Om , Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lee, Yo Han , Lim, Stephen S , Listl, Stefan , Lopukhov, Platon D , Mafi, Ahmad R , Malik, Ahmad Azam , Maulud, Sazan Qadir , Nasab, Entezar Mehrabi, Mirfakhraie, Reza , Misganaw, Awoke, Misra, Sanjeev , Mithra, Prasanna , Mohammad, Yousef , Moni, Mohammad Ali , Moraga, Paula , Mubarik, Sumaira , Murray, Christopher J L , Swamy, Sreenivas Narasimha, Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod, Nassereldine, Hasan , Natto, Zuhair S. , Nayak, Biswa Prakash , Negru, Șerban , Nggada, Haruna Asura , Núñez-Samudio, Virginia , Oancea, Bogdan , Padrón‐Monedero, Alicia , Pandey, Anamika , Patel, Jay , Pezzani, Raffaele , Piracha, Zahra Zahid , Rabiee, Navid , Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman , Rahmani, Amir M. , Rao, Sowmya J, Rath, Goura Kishor, Rawaf, David Laith , Rawassizadeh, Reza , Rezaei, Nazila, Rezapour, Aziz , Riad, Abanoub , Romero‐Rodríguez, Esperanza , Manjula, S, Chandan, S N , Saddik, Basema , Saeed, Umar , Safaei, Mohsen , Sahebazzamani, Maryam , Samy, Abdallah M , Santric-Milicevic, Milena M , Sathian, Brijesh , Satpathy, Maheswar , Šekerija, Mario , Senthilkumaran, Subramanian , Seylani, Allen, Shafaat, Omid , Sharew, Mequannent Melaku Sharew, Sharifi‐Rad, Javad , Shorofi, Seyed Afshin, Shrestha, Sunil , Malleshappa, Sudeep K Siddappa , Singh, Paramdeep , Sinha, Dhirendra Narain , Solomon, Yonatan , Suleman, Muhammad , Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi , Abkenar, Yasaman Taheri, Tan, Ker‐Kan , Tbakhi, Abdelghani, Thiyagarajan, Arulmani , Tovani‐Palone, Marcos Roberto , Volovăț, Simona Ruxandra , Westerman, Ronny, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana , Xiao, Hong , Zadnik, Vesna, Zare, Iman, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang , Force, Lisa M , Hugo, Fernando Neves , Hoogar, Praveen , Rezaei, Nazila , Rezaei, Nazila , Shivakumar, KM , Collaborators, GBD 2019 Lip, Oral, and Pharyngeal Cancer, Cunha, Amanda Ramos da , Kerr, Alexander Ross , Wallace, Lindsey E., Abd‐Elsalam, Sherief , Abu‐Gharbieh, Eman , Addo, Isaac Yeboah , Ahmad, Sajjad , Akonde, Maxwell , Al‐Maweri, Sadeq Ali , Alsharif, Ubai , Ansari‐Moghaddam, Alireza , Anwar, Sumadi Lukman, Arabloo, Jalal , Asaad, Malke, Ashraf, Tahira , Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin , Attia, Sameh , Baghcheghi, Nayereh , Banach, Maciej , Bardhan, Mainak , Bernabé, Eduardo , Bjørge, Tone , Călina, Daniela Cornelia , Carreras, Giulia , Dai, Xiaochen , Soltani, Reza Darvishi Cheshmeh , Darwesh, Aso Mohammad , Debela, Sisay Abebe , Dianatinasab, Mostafa , Sayed, Iman El , Gaewkhiew, Piyada , Gallus, Silvano , Gill, Paramjit Singh , Gomez, Ricardo Santiago , Gupta, Bhawna , Gupta, Veer Bala , Gupta, Vivek , Haj‐Mirzaian, Arvin , Halwani, Rabih , Hariyani, Ninuk , Hassanipour, Soheil , Hayat, Khezar , Holla, Ramesh , Horita, Nobuyuki , Hussain, Salman , Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen , Ilić, Milena , Jayarajah, Umesh , Kandaswamy, Eswar , Karaye, Ibraheem M. , Kauppila, Joonas H. , Tabari, Mohammad Amin Khazeei , Koohestani, Hamid Reza , Kumar, G Anil , Vecchia, Carlo La , Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Landires, Iván , Lasrado, Savita , Ledda, Caterina , Libra, Massimo , Mahumud, Rashidul Alam , Mathur, Manu Raj , Meena, Jitendra Kumar , Meštrović, Tomislav , Mohammadi, Mokhtar, Mohammadi, Esmaeil , Mokdad, Ali H. , Morrison, Shane D. , Mozaffari, Hamid Reza , Nair, Tapas Sadasivan , Nouraei, Hasti , Olagunju, Andrew T , Bali, Ahmed Omar , Padubidri, Jagadish Rao , Pardhan, Shahina , Radhakrishnan, Raghu , Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Rahmanian, Vahid , Rao, Chythra R , Rawaf, Salman , Razeghinia, Mohammad Sadegh , Rezaei, Negar , Rezaei, Nima , Rezapour, Aziz , Roberts, Thomas J. , Roshandel, Gholamreza , Saeb, Mohammad Reza , Sahebkar, Amirhossein , Farrokhi, Amir Salek , Shahsavari, Hamid R. , Shamsoddin, Erfan , Shetty, Jeevan K. , Shivakumar, K. M. , Shobeiri, Parnian , Singh, Jasvinder A. , Singh, Garima Prateek , Talaat, Iman Mamdouh , Tiyuri, Amir , Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran , Vo, Bay, Wang, Cong , Yu, Chuanhua , Yüce, Deniz , Yunusa, Ismaeel , Zoladl, Mohammad , Alahdab, Fares
JAMA Oncology | September 7, 2023 | Volume: 9 | Issue: 10 | Pages: 1401
ImportanceLip, oral, and pharyngeal cancers are important contributors to cancer burden worldwide, and a comprehensive evaluation of their burden globally, regionally, and nationally is crucial for effective policy planning.ObjectiveTo analyze the total and risk-attributable burden of lip and oral cavity cancer (LOC) and other pharyngeal cancer (OPC) for 204 countries and territories and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) using 2019 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study estimates.Evidence ReviewThe incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to LOC and OPC from 1990 to 2019 were estimated using GBD 2019 methods. The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate the proportion of deaths and DALYs for LOC and OPC attributable to smoking, tobacco, and alcohol consumption in 2019.FindingsIn 2019, 370 000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 338 000-401 000) cases and 199 000 (95% UI, 181 000-217 000) deaths for LOC and 167 000 (95% UI, 153 000-180 000) cases and 114 000 (95% UI, 103 000-126 000) deaths for OPC were estimated to occur globally, contributing 5.5 million (95% UI, 5.0-6.0 million) and 3.2 million (95% UI, 2.9-3.6 million) DALYs, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, low-middle and low SDI regions consistently showed the highest age-standardized mortality rates due to LOC and OPC, while the high SDI strata exhibited age-standardized incidence rates decreasing for LOC and increasing for OPC. Globally in 2019, smoking had the greatest contribution to risk-attributable OPC deaths for both sexes (55.8% [95% UI, 49.2%-62.0%] of all OPC deaths in male individuals and 17.4% [95% UI, 13.8%-21.2%] of all OPC deaths in female individuals). Smoking and alcohol both contributed to substantial LOC deaths globally among male individuals (42.3% [95% UI, 35.2%-48.6%] and 40.2% [95% UI, 33.3%-46.8%] of all risk-attributable cancer deaths, respectively), while chewing tobacco contributed to the greatest attributable LOC deaths among female individuals (27.6% [95% UI, 21.5%-33.8%]), driven by high risk-attributable burden in South and Southeast Asia.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic analysis, disparities in LOC and OPC burden existed across the SDI spectrum, and a considerable percentage of burden was attributable to tobacco and alcohol use. These estimates can contribute to an understanding of the distribution and disparities in LOC and OPC burden globally and support cancer control planning efforts.