Citations 2
Modifiable Risk Factors and Attributable Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality in US States, 1990-2023
Benziger, Catherine P., Stark, Benjamin A., Johnson, Catherine O., Roth, Gregory A., Collaborators, GBD 2023 US IHD, Abohashem, Shady, Ahmed, Syed Anees, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alsabri, Mohammed A., Antony, Catherine M., Aravkin, Aleksandr Y., Areda, Demelash, Bell, Michelle L., Brauer, Michael, Chi, Gerald, Criqui, Michael H., Dai, Xiaochen, Doshi, Ojas Prakashbhai, Doshi, Rajkumar Prakashbhai, E’mar, Abdel Rahman, Elhadi, Muhammed, Göbölös, Laszlo, Haile, Demewoz, Hebert, Jeffrey J., Hemmati, Mehdi, Ibrahim, Ramzi, Kankam, Samuel Berchi, Kantar, Rami S., Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Min Seo, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kisa, Adnan, Kokkorakis, Michail, Kumar, Ashish, Liu, Xuefeng, Lv, Lei, Mahmoudi, Morteza, Manla, Yosef, Martinez-Piedra, Ramon, Marzouk, Sammer, Mensah, George A., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miller, Ted R., Mokdad, Ali H., Mougin, Vincent, Mustafa, Ahmad, Nassar, Mahmoud, Natto, Zuhair S., Nugen, Fred, Parikh, Romil R., Pasovic, Maja, Patil, Shankargouda, Puvvula, Jagadeesh, Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran, Rashid, Ahmed Mustafa, Root, Kevin T., Sawhney, Monika, Schuermans, Art, Shariff, Mariam, Shuval, Kerem, Simegn, Gizeaddis Lamesgin, Singh, Rohit, Stafford, Lauryn K., Taiba, Jabeen, Tanwar, Manoj, Teramoto, Masayuki, Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish, Tran, Thang Huu, Uppal, Dipan, Vinayak, Manish, Yuce, Deniz, Murray, Christopher J. L., Moran, Andrew E., Kimokoti, Ruth W , Liu, Xuefeng , Nassar, Mahmoud , Singh, Rohit , Tanwar, Manoj , Yu, Hairui , Taiba, Jabeen , Benziger, Catherine P. , Stark, Benjamin, Johnson, Catherine O., Roth, Gregory A. , Collaborators, GBD, Abohashem, Shady , Al‐Aly, Ziyad , Antony, Catherine M, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. , Areda, Demelash, Bräuer, Michael , Chi, Gerald , Criqui, Michael H. , Doshi, Ojas Prakashbhai , Doshi, Rajkumar , E’mar, Abdel Rahman, Elhadi, Muhammed, Göbölös, László , Haile, Demewoz , Hébert, Jeffrey J. , Hemmati, Mehdi , Ibrahim, Ramzi , Kankam, Samuel Berchi , Kantar, Rami S. , Khubchandani, Jagdish , Kısa, Adnan , Kokkorakis, Michail , Lv, Lei , Mahmoudi, Morteza , Manla, Yosef , Martínez, Ramón , Marzouk, Sammer , Mensah, George A. , Meštrović, Tomislav , Miller, Ted R. , Mokdad, Ali H. , Mougin, Vincent , Mustafa, Ahmad , Nassar, Mahmoud, Nugen, Fred , Pasovic, Maja , Puvvula, Jagadeesh , Rashid, Ahmed Mustafa , Root, Kevin T., Sawhney, Monika, Schuermans, Art , Shariff, Mariam , Shuval, Kerem , Simegn, Gizeaddis Lamesgin , Stafford, Lauryn K , Teramoto, Masayuki , Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish, Uppal, Dipan , Vinayak, Manish , Yuce, Deniz, Murray, Christopher J. L., Moran, Andrew Edward
JAMA Cardiology | July 15, 2026 | Volume: No volume available | Issue: No issue available | Pages: No page available
Importance Ischemic heart disease (IHD), the leading cause of death in the US, is predominantly due to modifiable risk factors. Estimates of IHD mortality attributable to risk factors provide evidence for health policy decision-making. Objective To estimate the burden of IHD death attributable to risk factors in the US from 1990-2023. Design, Setting, and Participants The Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 (GBD 2023) used vital records and a broad set of epidemiologic data to estimate IHD death rates, risk factor exposure, and relative risk curves for risk-outcome pairs for 1990-2023 for the general population. Data analysis was performed from October 2024 to December 2025. Exposure Twelve metabolic, behavioral, and environmental risk factors. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were IHD death rates per 100 000 persons, counts, and attributable risks from 1990-2023 by age, sex, and US state. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UI). IHD death rates were estimated using ensemble modeling methods. Risk exposures were estimated using bayesian meta-regression methods. Relative risks were estimated following the Burden of Proof framework. Results In 2023, there were 473 000 IHD deaths (95% UI, 414 000-510 000) in the US, a decrease of 58.7% (95% UI, 56.8%-61.0%) in age-standardized rate since 1990. Between 2010 and 2023, there was a 19.0% decrease (95% UI, 15.0%-22.9%) for males and a 24.5% decrease (95% UI, 20.3%-29.7%) for females in IHD death rates. High systolic blood pressure (SBP), dietary risks, and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were the leading risk factors for IHD deaths in 2023, accounting for 47.2% (95% UI, 36.4%-57.0%), 38.6% (95% UI, 17.2%-56.8%), and 28.5% (95% UI, 19.3%-39.6%) of IHD deaths, respectively. Increased exposure to several risk factors substantially increased their attributable burden for IHD deaths in 2023, with high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) increasing 38.8% (95% UI, 11.5%-81.1%) and high body mass index (BMI) increasing 54.5% (95% UI, 41.8%-66.3%) since 1990. Smoking and particulate matter pollution had the greatest decrease in attributable IHD mortality since 1990, at 33.3% (95% UI, 23.6%-41.7%) and 74.9% (95% UI, 46.7%-88.8%), respectively. Conclusion and Relevance Per the results of this systematic analysis of GBD 2023, a total of 88.7% (95% UI, 83.4%-92.5%) of IHD deaths were attributable to modifiable risk factors in the US in 2023, with high SBP, dietary risks, and high LDL-C being the greatest contributors. High BMI and high FPG showed the largest attribution increases, while exposure to other risks did not increase significantly for the population.
Burden of Central Nervous System Cancer in the United States, 1990-2021
Collaborators, GBD 2021 US CNS Cancer, Han, Hyun Jin , Kim, Yun Seo , Park, Seoyeon , Shin, Jae Il , Kim, Min Seo , Areda, Demelash, Tork, Mohammad Amin Bayat , Bilgin, Gokce Belge , Chennapragada, Suma Sri , Dean, Frances , Deekonda, Sindhura, Ding, Xueting, E’mar, Abdel Rahman, Elhadi, Muhammed, Fazeli, Patrick , Fisher, James L. , Fotouhi, Maryam , Gholamrezanezhad, Ali , Ida, Fidelia , Jani, Chinmay , Kalani, Rizwan , Kazemi, Foad , Keshwani, Ariz, Khosla, Atulya Aman , Lim, Stephen S , Murray, Christopher J L , Naik, Gurudatta , Nguyen, Dang Tuan , Penberthy, Louise, Pestell, Richard G. , Prabhu, Disha , Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran, Sabet, Cameron John, Şenol, Yiğit Can , Sham, Sunder, Solanki, Ranjan , Tanwar, Manoj , Amirikah, Mike Tuffour, Verma, Anjul, Yon, Dong Keon, Yon, Dong Keon , Shin, Jae I L , Senol, Yigit Can , Collaborators, GBD 2021 US CNS Cancer, Moon, Ju Hyung , Kim, Yong Bae , Ababneh, Hazim , Abu‐Zaid, Ahmed , Arul, Santhosh , Azzam, Ahmed Y , Bardhan, Mainak , Behnam, Babak , Bhardwaj, Prarthna V , Bhuyan, Soumitra Sudip , Lomer, Nima Broomand , Chen, Mengxuan , Dai, Xiaochen , Doshi, Ojas Prakashbhai , Fares, Jawad , Iwu, Chidozie Declan , Jalloh, Mohamed, Kankam, Samuel Berchi , Mehboob, Riffat , Meštrović, Tomislav , Mokdad, Ali H. , Natto, Zuhair S. , Nguyen, Dang, Nugen, Fred , Orscelik, Atakan , Parikh, Romil R , Puvvula, Jagadeesh , Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran, Sabet, Cameron John , Schumacher, Austin E , Sherchan, Samendra , Simegn, Gizeaddis Lamesgin , Singh, Jasvinder A. , Srichawla, Bahadar Singh , Taiba, Jabeen , Yunusa, Ismaeel , Zheng, David X. , Park, Keun Young
JAMA Neurology | November 3, 2025 | Volume: 83 | Issue: 1 | Pages: 35
Importance Primary brain and central nervous system cancer (collectively referred to as CNS cancer) comprises 2% of all human cancers and poses significant health and economic challenges in the United States. Objective To analyze CNS cancer burden in the US, stratified by time, location (state and division), sex, age group, and Sociodemographic Index (SDI). Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study involved a repeated analysis of Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 data in 2024. Using data from 183 sources, CNS cancer metrics in the US were estimated across states and years. US CNS cancer metrics across all sexes and age groups were included in the GBD. Exposure CNS cancer diagnosis. Main Outcomes and Measures Overall and age-standardized estimates of the incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), years of life lost, and years lived with disability per 100 000 population, including 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), and time trends. Results In 2021, for all age groups and sexes across the US, there were 31 780 incident cases (95% UI, 29971.1 to 32843.9). Age-standardized incidence, DALYs, and mortality rates per 100 000 population were 6.91 (95% UI, 6.58 to 7.12), 134.38 (95% UI, 129.83 to 137.95), and 4.1 (95% UI, 3.87 to 4.22), respectively. Despite no significant change observed in the overall incidence between 1990 and 2021, DALY and mortality rates decreased by 15.77% (95% UI, −17.75% to −13.68%) and 8.41% (95% UI, −11.09% to −6.22%), respectively. Substantial geographic variability was noted. Mississippi, Alabama, Kentucky, and Kansas (West North Central and East South Central divisions) and West Virginia faced persistently high burdens over the past 30 years. Sex differences were evident; disease burden was consistently higher in males compared with females. Age-specific estimates showed a bimodal distribution: the youngest group (<5 years) showed a significant decrease in incidence rate (−34.42% to −11.56%), whereas older age groups (>70 years) experienced increasing trends. DALYs and mortality rates were negatively correlated with SDI (ρ = −0.6860 and ρ = −0.6391; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance These findings provide valuable insights into the CNS cancer burden across the US by age, sex, location, and SDI, enabling better public health status assessments, health care policy restructuring, and resource redistribution for improved care.