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Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality: methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study
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Injury Prevention | August 24, 2020 | Volume: 26 | Issue: Suppl 2 | Pages: i125-i153
10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043531
Background While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. Methods In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. Results GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. Conclusions GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future.
Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
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В. , Polinder, Suzanne, Poustchi, Hossein, Prakash, Swayam , Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga , Puri, Parul , Syed, Zahiruddin Quazi, Rabiee, Navid , Radfar, Amir , Rafay, Anwar, Rafiee, Ata , Rafiei, Alireza , Rahim, Fakher , Rahimi, Siavash , Rahimi‐Movaghar, Vafa , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz , Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, Rajati, Fatemeh , Rakovac, Ivo , Ranganathan, Kavitha , Rao, Sowmya J, Rashedi, Vahid , Rastogi, Prateek , Rathi, Priya , Rawal, Lal , Rawassizadeh, Reza , Renjith, Vishnu , Renzaho, André M. N. , Resnikoff, Serge , Rezapour, Aziz, Rickard, Jennifer , Ríos-González, Carlos Miguel , Sabde, Yogesh , Saddik, Basema , Safari, Saeed , Safarpour, Hamid , Safdarian, Mahdi , Sajadi, S. Mohammad , Salamati, Payman, Salehi, Farkhonde , Zahabi, Saleh Salehi , Salem, Marwa Rashad , Salem, Hosni , Salman, Omar , Salz, Inbal, Samy, Abdallah M , Sanabria, Juan , Sànchez-Riera, Lídia , Santric-Milicevic, Milena M , Sarveazad, Arash , Sathian, Brijesh , Sawhney, Monika, Sawyer, Susan M. , Saxena, Sonia , Schwebel, David C. , Seedat, Soraya , Senthilkumaran, Subramanian , Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba , Sha, Feng , Shaahmadi, Faramarz , Shaikh, Masood Ali , Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran , Shamsizadeh, Morteza , Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi , Sharifi, Hamid , Sheikh, Aziz , Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Jae Il , Shiri, Rahman , Sigfúsdóttir, Inga Dóra, Singh, Pankaj Kumar , Sinha, Dhirendra Narain , Smarandache, Catalin-Gabriel , Soleymani, Bija, Soriano, Joan B. , Soyiri, Ireneous N , Stein, Dan J. , Sufiyan, Mu’awiyyah Babale , Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul , Sykes, Bryan L. , Tabarés‐Seisdedos, Rafael , Tabb, Karen M. , Wogayehu, Biruk , Tamiru, Animut Tagele , Tarigan, Ingan Ukur , Tefera, Yibekal Manaye , Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin , Tekulu, Gebretsadkan Hintsa , Kassie, Ayenew , Bedaso, Asres , Tlaye, Kenean Getaneh , Tohidinik, Hamid Reza , Topór-Mądry, Roman , Tripathy, Jaya Prasad , Tsai, Alexander C. , Car, Lorainne Tudor , Ullah, Saif , Ullah, Irfan , Umar, Maida, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran , Upadhyay, Era , Valdéz, Pascual , Violante, Francesco Saverio , Waheed, Yasir , Teklay, Girmay , Werdecker, Andrea , Wiangkham, Taweewat , Wolde, Haileab Fekadu , Woldeyes, Dawit Habte , Yadav, Rajaram , Yadollahpour, Ali , Yano, Yuichiro , Yaya, Sanni , Yazdi‐Feyzabadi, Vahid , Yisma, Engida , Yoon, Seok‐Jun , Youm, Yoosik , Younis, Mustafa Z , Yousefi, Zabihollah , Yu, Yong , Yusefzadeh, Hasan, Moghadam, Telma Zahirian , Zaman, Sojib Bin , Zamanian, Maryam , Zhang, Zhi-Jiang , Zhang, Yunquan , Zodpey, Sanjay , Dandona, Lalit , Dandona, Rakhi , Hay, Simon I , Mokdad, Ali H. , Reiner, Robert C. , Sartorius, Benn , Vos, Theo , Topór‐Mądry, Roman , Zahiruddin, Quazi Syed , Dianatinasab, Mostafa , Sanati, Ali Rajabpour , Baig, Atif Amin , Kumar, Vivek , Stein, Dan J , Castaldelli-Maia, João M , Farzadfar, Farshad , Shin, Jae I L , Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz , Belete, T , Liu, Zichen, Roberts, Nicholas L S , Abdoli, Amir , Abdollahpour, Ibrahim , Ahmed, Rushdiá , Ahmed, Muktar Beshir , Alghnam, Suliman Abdullah , Al‐Hajj, Samar , Ali, Saqib , Alinia, Cyrus , Aljunid, Syed Mohamed , Almasi‐Hashiani, Amir , Amini, Saeed, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T. , Arab-Zozani, Morteza , Asaad, Malke , Balachandran, Arun , Bayati, Mohsen , Bedi, Neeraj , Behzadifar, Masoud , Benjet, Corina L. , Benseñor, Isabela M. , Bibi, Sadia , Borges, Guilherme , Boufous, Soufiane , Chatziralli, Irini , Constantin, María Magdalena , Daryani, Ahmad , Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen , Demis, Asmamaw , Forooshani, Zahra Sadat Dibaji, Duko, Bereket , Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed , Adane, Daniel, Eskandarieh, Sharareh , Yeheyis, Tomas Y. , Filip, Irina , Foroutan, Masoud , Franklin, Richard C. , Gill, Tiffany K. , Grivna, Michal , Guimarães, Rafael Alves , Gupta, Gaurav Kumar , Haghparast‐Bidgoli, Hassan , Hamidi, Samer , Haro, Josep María , Hasanzadeh, Amir , Hassanipour, Soheil , Hassankhani, Hadi , Hayat, Khezar , Hendrie, Delia V. , Holla, Ramesh , Hu, Guoqing , Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen , Jalilian, Farzad , Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra , Jonas, Jost B , Jungari, Suresh Banayya , Kabir, Ali , Kanchan, Tanuj , Rade, Bayew Kelkay , Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khammarnia, Mohammad , Khazaie, Habibolah , Kim, Young‐Eun , Kim, Daniel , Shivakumar, KM , Koyanagi, Ai , Kumar, Nithin , Vecchia, Carlo La , Lansingh, Van Charles , Laryea, Dennis Odai , Latifi, Arman , Lauriola, Paolo , Levi, Miriam , Lopez, Alan D , Lotufo, Paulo A. , Majeed, Azeem , Malekzadeh, Reza , Malta, Déborah Carvalho , Manjunatha, Narayana , Mansour‐Ghanaei, Fariborz , Mansournia, Mohammad Alì , Maravilla, Joemer Calderon , Melese, Addisu Dagnaw , Aschalew, Zeleke , Mengesha, Meresa Berwo , Meštrović, Tomislav , Mirică, Andreea , Mohamadi, Efat , Darwesh, Aso Mohammad , Mohammadpourhodki, Reza , Moradi‐Lakeh, Maziar , Morisaki, Naho , Morrison, Shane D. , Muluneh, Atalay Goshu , Najafi, Farid , Nayak, Vinod C , Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi , Oh, In‐Hwan , Ota, Erika , Patton, George , Peden, Amy E. , Pereira, Jeevan , Phillips, Michael , Rabiee, Mohammad , Rawaf, Salman , Ribeiro, Ana Isabel , Ronfani, Luca , Roshandel, Gholamreza , Saad, Anas M. , Sabour, Siamak , Safari‐Faramani, Roya , Salamati, Payman, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque , Sayyah, Mehdi , Sepanlou, Sadaf Ghajarieh , Shahabi, Saeed , Siabani, Soraya , Singh, Jasvinder A. , Smith, Emma U.R. , Soheili, Amin , Soltanian, Ali Reza , Sorrie, Muluken Bekele , Stokes, Mark Andrew , Tadesse, Degena Bahrey , Tehrani‐Banihashemi, Arash , Tesfay, Berhe Etsay , Thapar, Rekha , Tran, Bach Xuan , Tran, Khanh Bao , Uthman, Olalekan Abdulrahman , Vasankari, Tommi Juhani , Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy , Vlassov, Vasily , Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu , Wondmeneh, Temesgen Gebeyehu , Wondmieneh, Adam Belay , Wu, Aimin , YIP, PAUL S. F. , Yonemoto, Naohiro , Yu, Chuanhua , Zaidi, Zoubida , Zamani, Mohammad , Zandian, Hamed , Zarei, Ahmad , Zare, Fatemeh, Degenhardt, Louisa J , Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda , Olagunju, Andrew T , Baig, Atif Amin , Desai, Rupak , Alahdab, Fares , Rahim, Fakher
Injury Prevention | April 24, 2020 | Volume: 26 | Issue: Suppl 2 | Pages: i96-i114
10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043494
Background Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. Methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.
Epidemiology of injuries from fire, heat and hot substances: global, regional and national morbidity and mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study
James, Spencer L , Lucchesi, Lydia R , Bisignano, Catherine, Castle, Chris D, Dingels, Zachary V, Fox, Jack T, Hamilton, Erin B, Henry, Nathaniel J , McCracken, Darrah, Sylte, Dillon O , Ahmadi, Alireza , Alahdab, Fares , Alipour, Vahid , Andualem, Zewudu , Arabloo, Jalal , Badiye, Ashish , Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba , Banstola, Amrit , Bärnighausen, Till , Barzegar, Akbar , Bayati, Mohsen , Bhaumik, Soumyadeep , Bijani, Ali , Bukhman, Gene , Carvalho, Félix , Crowe, Christopher S. , Dalal, Koustuv , Nasab, Mostafa Dianati, Endries, Aman Yesuf , Fernandes, Eduarda , Fischer, Florian , Fukumoto, Takeshi, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork , Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn , Gilani, Syed Amir , Haagsma, Juanita A., Hostiuc, Sorin , Househ, Mowafa , Igumbor, Ehimario , Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi , Kahsay, Amaha , Kapoor, Neeti , Kasaeian, Amir , Khader, Yousef , Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad , Khazaee-Pool, Maryam , Kokubo, Yoshihiro , Madadin, Mohammed , Majdán, Marek , Maled, Venkatesh , Manafi, Navid , Manafi, Ali, Mangalam, Srikanth , Massenburg, Benjamin B. , Meles, Hagazi Gebre , Menezes, Ritesh G. , Meretoja, Tuomo J , Miazgowski, Bartosz , Miller, Ted R. , Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah , Negoi, Ionuţ , Nguyen, Son Hoang , Nguyen, Cuong Tat , Nixon, Molly R, Olagunju, Andrew T , Olagunju, Tinuke O , Padubidri, Jagadish Rao , Polinder, Suzanne , Rabiee, Navid , Rahimi‐Movaghar, Vafa , Rawaf, David Laith , Rezapour, Aziz , Rickard, Jennifer , Roro, Elias Merdassa , Roy, Nobhojit , Salamati, Payman, Samy, Abdallah M , Satpathy, Maheswar , Sawhney, Monika, Schwebel, David C. , Senthilkumaran, Subramanian , Shigematsu, Mika, Tohidinik, Hamid Reza , Valdéz, Pascual , Wijeratne, Tissa , Yisma, Engida , Zaidi, Zoubida , Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Hay, Simon I , Mokdad, Ali H. , Dianatinasab, Mostafa , Wijeratne, T , Roberts, Nicholas L S , Ahmed, Muktar Beshir , Antonio, Carl Abelardo T. , Daryani, Ahmad , Do, Hoa , Do, Huyen Phuc , Filip, Irina , Fukumoto, Takeshi, Hamidi, Samer , Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen , Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra , Khalil, Ibrahim A, Lopez, Alan D , Malekzadeh, Reza , Mohammadpourhodki, Reza , Morrison, Shane D. , Nguyen, Trang Huyen , Rabiee, Mohammad , Radfar, Amir , Rawaf, Salman , Safari‐Faramani, Roya , Salamati, Payman, Sepanlou, Sadaf Ghajarieh , Soheili, Amin , Stokes, Mark Andrew , Tran, Bach Xuan , Zamani, Mohammad , Zhang, Zhi‐Jiang , Olagunju, Andrew T , Alahdab, Fares
Injury Prevention | December 19, 2019 | Volume: 26 | Issue: Suppl 2 | Pages: i36-i45
10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043299
Background Past research has shown how fires, heat and hot substances are important causes of health loss globally. Detailed estimates of the morbidity and mortality from these injuries could help drive preventative measures and improved access to care. Methods We used the Global Burden of Disease 2017 framework to produce three main results. First, we produced results on incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, deaths, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life years from 1990 to 2017 for 195 countries and territories. Second, we analysed these results to measure mortality-to-incidence ratios by location. Third, we reported the measures above in terms of the cause of fire, heat and hot substances and the types of bodily injuries that result. Results Globally, there were 8 991 468 (7 481 218 to 10 740 897) new fire, heat and hot substance injuries in 2017 with 120 632 (101 630 to 129 383) deaths. At the global level, the age-standardised mortality caused by fire, heat and hot substances significantly declined from 1990 to 2017, but regionally there was variability in age-standardised incidence with some regions experiencing an increase (eg, Southern Latin America) and others experiencing a significant decrease (eg, High-income North America). Conclusions The incidence and mortality of injuries that result from fire, heat and hot substances affect every region of the world but are most concentrated in middle and lower income areas. More resources should be invested in measuring these injuries as well as in improving infrastructure, advancing safety measures and ensuring access to care.
A Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Radiation Therapy and Survival for Surgically Resected Soft-Tissue Sarcoma
Qu, Xuanlu , Lubitz, Carrie C., Rickard, Jennifer , Bergeron, Stephane G. , Wasif, Nabil
American Journal of Clinical Oncology | February 17, 2016 | Volume: 41 | Issue: 4 | Pages: 348-356
Objectives: Radiotherapy for soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) has been shown to reduce local recurrence, but without clear improvement in survival. We conducted a meta-analysis to study the association between radiotherapy and survival in patients undergoing surgery for STS. Methods: A systematic review was conducted from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. Our population of interest consisted of adults with primary extremity, chest wall, trunk, or back STS. Our metameters were either an odds or hazard ratio for mortality. A bias score was generated for each study based on margin status and grade. Results: Of 1044 studies, 30 met inclusion criteria for final analysis. The pooled odds ratio in patients receiving radiation was 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78-1.14). The pooled estimate of the hazards ratio in patients receiving radiation was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.73-1.03) overall and 0.65 (95% CI, 0.52-0.82) for studies judged to be at low risk of bias. Significant publication bias was not seen. Conclusions: High-quality studies reporting adjusted hazard ratios are associated with improved survival in patients receiving radiotherapy for STS. Studies in which odds ratios are calculated from event data and those that do not report adjusted outcomes do not show the same association, likely due to confounding by indication.