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Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
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Dawit Zewdu , Wondmeneh, Temesgen Gebeyehu , Wondmieneh, Adam Belay , Wu, Aimin , YIP, PAUL S. F. , Yonemoto, Naohiro , Yu, Chuanhua , Zaidi, Zoubida , Zamani, Mohammad , Zandian, Hamed , Zarei, Ahmad , Zare, Fatemeh, Degenhardt, Louisa J , Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda , Olagunju, Andrew T , Baig, Atif Amin , Desai, Rupak , Alahdab, Fares , Rahim, Fakher
Injury Prevention | April 24, 2020 | Volume: 26 | Issue: Suppl 2 | Pages: i96-i114
10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043494
Background Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. Methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.
Global, Regional, and National Burden of Calcific Aortic Valve and Degenerative Mitral Valve Diseases, 1990–2017
Yadgir, Simon , Johnson, Catherine O., Aboyans, Victor, Adebayo, Oladimeji , Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji , Afarideh, Mohsen , Alahdab, Fares , Alashi, Alaa , Alipour, Vahid, Arabloo, Jalal , Azari, Samad , Barthelemy, Celine M, Benziger, Catherine P. , Bijani, Ali , Carvalho, Félix , Durães, André Rodrigues , Esteghamati, Alireza , Farid, Talha, Farzadfar, Farshad , Fernandes, Eduarda , Gad, Mohamed M. , Hay, Simon I , Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi , Jürisson, Mikk , Kasaeian, Amir , Kengne, André Pascal , Khan, Abdur Rahman , Kısa, Adnan , Manafi, Navid , Manafi, Amir , Мirrakhimov, Erkin М , Mohammad, Yousef , Mokdad, Ali H. , Negoi, Ruxandra Irina , Nixon, Molly R, Patel, Shanti, Pilgrim, Thomas , Rawaf, David Laith , Rawasia, Wasiq Faraz , Rezapour, Aziz , Roever, Leonardo , Saadatagah, Seyedmohammad , Senthilkumaran, Subramanian , Sliwa, Karen, Tesfay, Berhe Etsay , Ullah, Irfan , Roth, Gregory A. , Collaborators, For the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 Nonrheumatic Valve Disease, Sliwa, Karen , Farzadfar, Farshad , Benziger, Catherine P , Sliwa, K , Pilgrim, Thomas , Aboyans, Victor , Berman, Adam E. , Carrero, Juan Jesús , Daryani, Ahmad , Filip, Irina , Hamidi, Samer , Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen , Kısa, Sezer , Kolte, Dhaval , Mensah, George A. , Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi , Nguyen, Trang Huyen , Otto, Catherine M , Radfar, Amir , Rawaf, Salman , Saad, Anas M. , Tran, Bach Xuan , Vaduganathan, Muthiah , Vasankari, Tommi Juhani , Wolfe, Charles D.A. , Yonemoto, Naohiro , Collaborators, For the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 Nonrheumatic Valve Disease, Alahdab, Fares
Circulation | March 29, 2020 | Volume: 141 | Issue: 21 | Pages: 1670-1680
10.1161/circulationaha.119.043391
Background: Nonrheumatic valvular diseases are common; however, no studies have estimated their global or national burden. As part of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017, mortality, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), degenerative mitral valve disease, and other nonrheumatic valvular diseases were estimated for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Methods: Vital registration data, epidemiologic survey data, and administrative hospital data were used to estimate disease burden using the Global Burden of Disease Study modeling framework, which ensures comparability across locations. Geospatial statistical methods were used to estimate disease for all countries, because data on nonrheumatic valvular diseases are extremely limited for some regions of the world, such as Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Results accounted for estimated level of disease severity as well as the estimated availability of valve repair or replacement procedures. DALYs and other measures of health-related burden were generated for both sexes and each 5-year age group, location, and year from 1990 to 2017. Results: Globally, CAVD and degenerative mitral valve disease caused 102 700 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 82 700–107 900) and 35 700 (95% UI, 30 500–42 500) deaths, and 12.6 million (95% UI, 11.4 million–13.8 million) and 18.1 million (95% UI, 17.6 million–18.6 million) prevalent cases existed in 2017, respectively. A total of 2.5 million (95% UI, 2.3 million–2.8 million) DALYs were estimated as caused by nonrheumatic valvular diseases globally, representing 0.10% (95% UI, 0.09%–0.11%) of total lost health from all diseases in 2017. The number of DALYs increased for CAVD and degenerative mitral valve disease between 1990 and 2017 by 101% (95% UI, 79%–117%) and 35% (95% UI, 23%–47%), respectively. There is significant geographic variation in the prevalence, mortality rate, and overall burden of these diseases, with highest age-standardized DALY rates of CAVD estimated for high-income countries. Conclusions: These global and national estimates demonstrate that CAVD and degenerative mitral valve disease are important causes of disease burden among older adults. Efforts to clarify modifiable risk factors and improve access to valve interventions are necessary if progress is to be made toward reducing, and eventually eliminating, the burden of these highly treatable diseases.