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Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
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Injury Prevention | April 24, 2020 | Volume: 26 | Issue: Suppl 2 | Pages: i96-i114
10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043494
Background Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. Methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.
Epidemiology of facial fractures: incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study
Lalloo, Ratilal , Lucchesi, Lydia R , Bisignano, Catherine, Castle, Chris D, Dingels, Zachary V, Fox, Jack T, Hamilton, Erin B, Sylte, Dillon O , Alahdab, Fares , Alipour, Vahid, Alsharif, Ubai , Arabloo, Jalal , Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba , Banach, Maciej , Bijani, Ali , Crowe, Christopher S. , Doan, Linh Phuong , Fischer, Florian , Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn , Haagsma, Juanita A. , Haj‐Mirzaian, Arvin , Haj‐Mirzaian, Arya , Hoang, Chi Linh , Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi , Kasaeian, Amir , Khader, Yousef , Khalilov, Rovshan , Kiadaliri, Ali , Majdán, Marek , Manafi, Navid , Manafi, Ali, Massenburg, Benjamin B. , Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah , Nguyen, Son Hoang , Nguyen, Cuong Tat , Olagunju, Tinuke O , Otstavnov, Nikita , Polinder, Suzanne , Rabiee, Navid , Ramezanzadeh, Kiana, Ranganathan, Kavitha , Rezapour, Aziz , Safari, Saeed , Samy, Abdallah M , Sànchez-Riera, Lídia , Shaikh, Masood Ali , Vahedi, Parviz , Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Hay, Simon I , Mokdad, Ali H. , James, Spencer L , James, Spencer L , Liu, Zichen , Roberts, Nicholas L S , Daryani, Ahmad , Do, Huyen Phuc , Hamidi, Samer , Khoja, Abdullah T , Morrison, Shane D. , Nguyen, Trang Huyen , Rabiee, Mohammad , Tran, Bach Xuan , Vahedian‐Azimi, Amir , Zhang, Zhi‐Jiang , Pigott, David M. , Alahdab, Fares
Injury Prevention | January 8, 2020 | Volume: 26 | Issue: Suppl 2 | Pages: i27-i35
10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043297
Background The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) has historically produced estimates of causes of injury such as falls but not the resulting types of injuries that occur. The objective of this study was to estimate the global incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) due to facial fractures and to estimate the leading injurious causes of facial fracture. Methods We obtained results from GBD 2017. First, the study estimated the incidence from each injury cause (eg, falls), and then the proportion of each cause that would result in facial fracture being the most disabling injury. Incidence, prevalence and YLDs of facial fractures are then calculated across causes. Results Globally, in 2017, there were 7 538 663 (95% uncertainty interval 6 116 489 to 9 493 113) new cases, 1 819 732 (1 609 419 to 2 091 618) prevalent cases, and 117 402 (73 266 to 169 689) YLDs due to facial fractures. In terms of age-standardised incidence, prevalence and YLDs, the global rates were 98 (80 to 123) per 100 000, 23 (20 to 27) per 100 000, and 2 (1 to 2) per 100 000, respectively. Facial fractures were most concentrated in Central Europe. Falls were the predominant cause in most regions. Conclusions Facial fractures are predominantly caused by falls and occur worldwide. Healthcare systems and public health agencies should investigate methods of all injury prevention. It is important for healthcare systems in every part of the world to ensure access to treatment resources.