Introduction: In the last two decades, risk factors, prevalence, and mortality due to coronary artery disease in young adults is on the rise. Hypothesis: Assess the prevalence, trends, and economic burden of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in young adults (18-44 years). Methods: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was explored for hospitalizations with VT in patients (Age 19-44) between 2005-2018 and divided among 3 groups of the quadrennial period using validated ICD-9 and ICD-10 CM codes. The Pearson chi-square test and Student’s t-test were used for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. We assessed the temporal trends of mortality in VT as well as trends of VT stratified by age, sex, and race by the linear-by-linear association test (Figure 1). Results: Out of 5,156,326 patients were admitted with VT between 2005-2018, 309,636 were in young adults. Among them, 102,433 were admitted between 2005-2009 (mean age 36.1±6.99; 61% male, 58.5% white), 109,591 between 2010-2014 (mean age 35.5±7.16; 59% male, 54.2% white), and 97,495 between 2015-2018 (mean age 35.4±7.00; 60% male, 52.3% white) (p<0.0001). In the young adults with VT, all-cause mortality was 7.37% from 2005-2009, 7.85% from 2010-2014 (6.5% relative increase from 2005-2009), and 8.98% from 2015-2018 (relative increase of 14.4% from 2010-2014) (p<0.0001). Inflation adjusted cost increased over the years [$12,177 in 2005-2009; $13,249 in 2010-2014; $15,807 in 2015-2018; p<0.0001)]. Conclusions: The prevalence of VT in young individuals is rising. VT-related mortality and healthcare utilization costs are on the rise in the study period. VT burden and poor outcomes were notable for Black males. Further studies are required for targeted screening and preventative measures in young adults.
Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019
The impact of coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID-19), has been profound. Though COVID-19 primarily affects the respiratory system, it has also been associated with a wide range of cardiovascular (CV) manifestations portending extremely poor prognosis. The principal hypothesis for CV involvement is through direct myocardial infection and systemic inflammation. We conducted a systematic review of the current literature to provide a foundation for understanding the CV manifestations and outcomes of COVID-19. PubMed and EMBASE databases were electronically searched from the inception of the databases through 27 April 2020. A second literature review was conducted to include major trials and guidelines that were published after the initial search but before submission. The inclusion criteria for studies to be eligible were case reports, case series, and observation studies reporting CV outcomes among patients with COVID-19 infection. This review of the current COVID-19 disease and CV outcomes literature revealed a myriad of CV manifestations with potential avenues for treatment and prevention. Future studies are required to understand on a more mechanistic level the effect of COVID-19 on the myocardium and thus provide avenues to improve mortality and morbidity.