Citations

Abstract During the 20th century, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was considered a disease of early-industrialized regions in North America, Europe, and Oceania. At the turn of the 21st century, incidence of IBD increased in newly-industrialized and emerging regions in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, while prevalence in early-industrialized regions started to grow steadily. Changes in incidence and prevalence denote evolution of IBD across four epidemiologic stages: Stage 1 (Emergence), characterized by low incidence and prevalence; stage 2 (Acceleration in Incidence), characterized by rapidly rising incidence and low prevalence; and stage 3 (Compounding Prevalence), characterized by decelerating, plateauing, or declining incidence and steadily rising prevalence. A fourth stage (Prevalence Equilibrium) has been proposed where the slope of prevalence plateaus due to shifting demographics of an aging IBD population, but it has not yet been evidenced. To date, these stages have been theoretical without specific incidence/prevalence indicators defining transition points. Using real-world data from 490 population-based studies comprising 80 global regions and spanning over a century (1920–2023), we show spatiotemporal transitions across stages 1–3 and model transition towards stage 4. Understanding the evolution of IBD across epidemiologic stages allows healthcare systems to better prepare for the future worldwide burden of IBD.

INTRODUCTION: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a common cause of hospitalization worldwide. We assessed temporal trends in hospitalization for PUD in 36 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries since the turn of the 21st century. METHODS: The OECD database contains data on PUD-related hospital discharges and mortality for 36 countries between 2000 and 2019. Hospitalization rates for PUD were expressed as annual rates per 100,000 persons. Joinpoint regression models were used to calculate the average annual percent change (AAPC) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each country, which were pooled using meta-analyses. The incidence of PUD was forecasted to 2021 using autoregressive integrated moving average and Poisson regression models. RESULTS: The overall median hospitalization rate was 42.4 with an interquartile range of 29.7–60.6 per 100,000 person-years. On average, hospitalization rates (AAPC = −3.9%; 95% CI: −4.4, −3.3) and morality rates (AAPC = −4.7%; 95% CI: −5.6, −3.8) for PUD have decreased from 2000 to 2019 globally. The forecasted incidence of PUD hospitalizations in 2021 ranged from 3.5 per 100,000 in Mexico to 92.1 per 100,000 in Lithuania. Across 36 countries in the OECD, 329,000 people are estimated to be hospitalized for PUD in 2021. DISCUSSION: PUD remains an important cause of hospitalization worldwide. Reassuringly, hospitalizations and mortality for PUD have consistently been falling in OECD countries in North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania. Identifying underlying factors driving these trends is essential to sustaining this downward momentum.

Abstract Since the publication of the Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms in 1994, subsequent updates of the classification of lymphoid neoplasms have been generated through iterative international efforts to achieve broad consensus among hematopathologists, geneticists, molecular scientists, and clinicians. Significant progress has recently been made in the characterization of malignancies of the immune system, with many new insights provided by genomic studies. They have led to this proposal. We have followed the same process that was successfully used for the third and fourth editions of the World Health Organization Classification of Hematologic Neoplasms. The definition, recommended studies, and criteria for the diagnosis of many entities have been extensively refined. Some categories considered provisional have now been upgraded to definite entities. Terminology for some diseases has been revised to adapt nomenclature to the current knowledge of their biology, but these modifications have been restricted to well-justified situations. Major findings from recent genomic studies have impacted the conceptual framework and diagnostic criteria for many disease entities. These changes will have an impact on optimal clinical management. The conclusions of this work are summarized in this report as the proposed International Consensus Classification of mature lymphoid, histiocytic, and dendritic cell tumors.

Non‐invasive tests to identify age and early disease‐associated pathology within the kidney are needed. Specific populations of urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) could potentially be used for such a diagnostic test. Random urine samples were obtained from age‐ and sex‐stratified living kidney donors before kidney donation. A biopsy of the donor kidney was obtained at the time of transplantation to identify nephron hypertrophy (larger glomerular volume, cortex per glomerulus and mean profile tubular area) and nephrosclerosis (% fibrosis, % glomerulosclerosis and arteriosclerosis). Renal parenchymal‐derived EVs in cell‐free urine were quantified by digital flow cytometry. The relationship between these EV populations and structural pathology on the kidney biopsy was assessed. Clinical characteristics of the kidney donors (n=138, age range: 20–70 years, 50% women) were within the normative range. Overall, urine from women contained more EVs than that from men. The number of exosomes, juxtaglomerular cells and podocyte marker–positive EVs decreased (p<0.05) with increasing age. There were fewer total EVs as well as EVs positive for mesangial cell, parietal cell, descending limb of Henle's loop (simple squamous epithelium), collecting tubule‐intercalated cell and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 markers (p<0.05) in persons with nephron hypertrophy. The number of EVs positive for intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, juxtaglomerular cell, podocyte, parietal cell, proximal tubular epithelial cell, distal tubular epithelial cell and collecting duct cells were fewer (p<0.05) in persons with nephrosclerosis. EVs carrying markers of cells from the renal pelvis epithelium did not associate with any indices of nephron hypertrophy or nephrosclerosis. Therefore, specific populations of EVs derived from cells of the glomerulus and nephron associate with underlying kidney structural changes. Further validation of these findings in other cohorts is needed to determine their clinical utility.

Abstract Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and is the most common NHL subtype diagnosed worldwide. Some epidemiologic data have indicated differences in DLBCL incidence rates and subtype distributions between Eastern Asian and Western countries. The first large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) of DLBCL with over 4000 cases conducted among individuals of European ancestry recently identified five independent SNPs that achieved genome-wide significance, and two SNPs that showed a suggestive association with DLBCL risk. In order to evaluate whether Eastern Asians and individuals of European ancestry share similar genetic risk factors for this disease, we attempted to replicate these GWAS findings in a pooled series of 1124 DLBCL cases and 3596 controls from Hong Kong, South Korea, and Thailand. Three of the five genome-wide significant SNPs from the DLBCL GWAS were significantly associated with DLBCL in our study population, including the top finding from the GWAS, EXOC2 rs116446171, which achieved genome-wide significance in our data (per allele OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.63-2.56; ptrend = 3.9 × 10-10). Additionally, we observed a significant association with PVT1 rs13255292 (per allele OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.19-1.52; ptrend = 2.1 × 10-6), which was the second strongest finding in the GWAS, and with HLA-B rs2523607 (per allele OR = 3.05, 95% CI = 1.32-7.05; ptrend = 0.009). Our study, which provides the first evaluation in Eastern Asians of SNPs definitively associated with DLBCL risk in individuals of European ancestry, indicates that at least some of the genetic factors associated with risk of DLBCL are similar between these populations. Citation Format: Nathaniel Rothman, Bryan A. Bassig, James R. Cerhan, Wing-Yan Au, Hee Nam Kim, Suleeporn Sangrajrang, Wei Hu, Jovic Tse, Sonja Berndt, Tongzhang Zheng, Heping Zhang, Pattarapong Pornsopone, Je-Jung Lee, Hyeoung-Joon Kim, Christine F. Skibola, Joseph Vijai, Laurie Burdette, Meredith Yeager, Paul Brennan, Min-Ho Shin, Raymond Liang, Stephen Chanock, Qing Lan. Genetic susceptibility to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a pooled study of three Eastern Asian populations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4626. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4626

AbstractObjectivesDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive subtype of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and is the most common NHL subtype diagnosed worldwide. The first large‐scale genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of DLBCL with over 4000 cases conducted among individuals of European ancestry recently identified five independent SNPs that achieved genome‐wide significance, and two SNPs that showed a suggestive association with DLBCL risk.MethodsTo evaluate whether Eastern Asians and individuals of European ancestry share similar genetic risk factors for this disease, we attempted to replicate these GWAS findings in a pooled series of 1124 DLBCL cases and 3596 controls from Hong Kong, South Korea, and Thailand.ResultsThree of the five genome‐wide significant SNPs from the DLBCL GWAS were significantly associated with DLBCL in our study population, including the top finding from the GWAS, EXOC2 rs116446171, which achieved genome‐wide significance in our data (per allele OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.63–2.56; ptrend = 3.9 × 10−10). Additionally, we observed a significant association with PVT1 rs13255292 (per allele OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.19–1.52; ptrend = 2.1 × 10−6), which was the second strongest finding in the GWAS, and with HLA‐B rs2523607 (per allele OR = 3.05, 95% CI = 1.32–7.05; ptrend = 0.009).ConclusionsOur study, which provides the first evaluation in Eastern Asians of SNPs definitively associated with DLBCL risk in individuals of European ancestry, indicates that at least some of the genetic factors associated with risk of DLBCL are similar between these populations.