Citations

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) continues to pose a major public health challenge. Since its launch in 2004, the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) has played a pivotal role in advancing the field by providing a comprehensive, open‐access, longitudinal dataset that integrates neuroimaging, biomarker, genetic, and clinical data related to AD. We used standard literature search methods to identify ∼1830 publications from 2023 to mid‐2025 that used ADNI data or samples. This review highlights key ADNI studies with direct clinical applications. We describe how these have impacted the development and validation of plasma biomarkers, improved clinical trials, assessed AD therapies, and developed methods for diagnosis and prediction using clinical, fluid, and imaging biomarkers. These contributions are underlain by an improved understanding of biological mechanisms of disease progression in AD and highlight ADNI's central role in advancing translational research and accelerating progress toward more effective, individualized care for patients with AD.

BACKGROUND: The metabolic mechanisms underlying right ventricular (RV) dysfunction are poorly understood, particularly outside of group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH). We aimed to identify metabolites and pathways associated with RV systolic function and explored whether associations differed by pulmonary vascular resistance, PH group 1 status, and sex. METHODS: We analyzed data from the multicenter PVDOMICS (Pulmonary Vascular Disease Phenomics) cohort. RV systolic function metrics included fractional area change (echo), global longitudinal strain (echo), and ejection fraction (cardiac magnetic resonance). We used linear regression adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and PH group to assess associations between metabolites and RV function. Pathway enrichment analyses were used to identify pathways significantly associated with RV function. Interaction terms were assessed to determine whether metabolite associations were modified by pulmonary vascular resistance, group 1 PH status, or sex. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used to develop metabolite-based scores for RV function, and prognostic performance was assessed. RESULTS: There were 979 participants with plasma metabolomics and RV function data. Linear regression identified 170 metabolites that were significantly associated with all 3 RV metrics. Androgenic steroid, gamma-glutamyl amino acid, polyamine, vitamin A, fatty acid, and sterol pathways are most strongly associated with RV systolic function. Two metabolites interacted with group 1 PH status, and 6 interacted with pulmonary vascular resistance. Four androgenic steroids are associated more strongly with RV systolic function in women compared with men. Metabolite-based scores were prognostically equivalent to RV systolic function metrics and less accurate than REVEAL Lite 2 scores. CONCLUSIONS: We provide a blueprint of metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with RV systolic function across the spectrum of PH. Novel links to vitamin A and glutathione metabolites were observed. We detected few metabolites that associated with RV systolic function differentially by group 1 PH status or degree of pulmonary vascular resistance elevation. Androgenic steroids may associate more strongly with RV systolic function in women compared with men.

Abstract We evaluated outcomes by management type for patients with stage IA nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) in the Global NLPHL One Working Group retrospective database of 2243 patients with stages I to IV disease diagnosed from 1992 to 2021 at 38 international institutions. A total of 779 patients had stage IA disease with median age of 35 years (range, 3-89) and median follow-up of 6.1 years. The 6-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival were 86.3% and 97.7%, respectively. Outcomes were analyzed for the 2 groups: complete resection and unresected disease. Patients with a complete resection and observation alone (n = 99) had a 6-year PFS of 65.5% vs 90.5% for those who received radiotherapy (RT) (n = 53). Patients with unresected disease (n = 627; 80.5%) had a 6-year PFS of 62.0% for rituximab alone (n = 31), 89.6% for RT alone (n = 325), 76.8% for ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) alone (n = 40), and 94.3% for ABVD plus RT (n = 130). A total of 127 patients relapsed (16.3%), of which 25 (19.7%) had transformation. Our analysis suggests the following: (1) RT improves the PFS in patients with completely resected disease; (2) rituximab or ABVD alone does not appear to achieve a durable response; and (3) chemotherapy was not observed to add additional PFS benefit when used in combination with RT. Thus, for stage IA NLPHL, RT alone is likely sufficient for definitive treatment.

Objective Immunohistochemically (IHC) measured transactive response DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) inclusions are observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are associated with medial temporal lobe atrophy. Accumulation of cryptic exons occurs in AD in response to TDP‐43 pathology. We aimed to assess relationships between IHC and biochemically measured insoluble TDP‐43 and cryptic exons and assess associations with hippocampal and amygdala volume loss and atrophy rates on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods Eighty‐one neuropathologically diagnosed AD cases were analyzed. For biochemistry, insoluble TDP‐43 was quantified using a Meso‐scale discovery (MSD) immunoassay. IHC‐TDP burden was quantified with digital histopathology. Cryptic RNAs were assessed via quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Thirty‐eight cases had serial brain MRI. Hippocampal and amygdala volumes were calculated using FreeSurfer. Regression models were used to investigate associations among IHC‐TDP‐43 status/burden, MSD‐TDP status/levels, cryptic RNAs, and hippocampal and amygdala volumes and atrophy rates. Results IHC‐TDP(+) cases exhibited elevated levels of MSD‐TDP and cryptic RNAs ( KCNQ2 , STMN2 , and UNC13A ) and increased MSD‐TDP levels were associated with increased cryptic RNA levels, in the hippocampus and amygdala. IHC‐TDP(+) cases had smaller hippocampal and amygdala volumes compared to IHC‐TDP(−) cases. MSD‐TDP(+) cases had smaller hippocampal volumes and faster amygdala rates of atrophy compared with MSD‐TDP(−) cases. Higher KCNQ2 and UNC13A levels were associated with smaller amygdala volumes. Interpretation MSD‐TDP level is a reliable surrogate for IHC‐based TDP‐43 status. Both TDP‐43 and cryptic RNA levels are associated with reduced medial temporal volumes, suggesting cryptic exons may be playing a role in brain volume loss in AD. ANN NEUROL 2026;100:193–205

Abstract Purpose: This multicenter, multi-surgeon retrospective study aimed to identify risk factors for postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak following endonasal resection of craniopharyngioma, while evaluating the "perception gap" through a surgeon survey. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 416 patients who underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETS) for craniopharyngioma from 20 institutions. Factors were compared between patients with and without postoperative CSF leak, and between Early (2007-2015) and Late (2016-2025) Epochs. Complementing the clinical data, a survey of 19 neurosurgeons captured expert perspectives on risk stratification and management strategies. Results: Overall postoperative CSF leak rate was 13.5% (56/416 patients). Univariate analysis identified predominantly cystic tumors (34% vs. 21%, p = 0.034)and intraoperative lumbar drain (LD) use ( p < 0.028) as associated with postoperative CSF leak. BMI ( p = 0.587), prior surgery ( p = 0.576), and tumor size ( p = 0.363) were not significant. In the multivariable analysis, LD use was associated with a higher postoperative CSF leak rate (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.06–3.46; p = 0.030). Between Epochs, nasoseptal flap (NSF) utilization increased from 70.7% to 87.6% ( p <0.001). NSF was protective (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.07–0.92; p = 0.037) in the Early Epoch; no factors were significant in the Late Epoch. The surgeons’ survey identified prior surgery and intraoperative high flow leaks as primary risks; however, their LD protocols diverged from clinical data. Conclusion: Despite increased use of NSF, CSF leak persists. The study highlights a significant divergence between expert perception and clinical data regarding lumbar drains.

Acute type A aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition requiring emergency surgery and complex postoperative management. Although survival rates have improved, many patients experience long-term functional impairments, reduced quality of life, and an elevated risk of complications. Despite strong evidence supporting cardiac rehabilitation in other cardiovascular populations, structured programs remain underutilized in patients with surgically resolved acute type A aortic dissection. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation appears feasible and can be delivered safely in carefully selected patients when appropriately adapted to individual needs and conducted under close supervision. Postoperative patients are often physically deconditioned, prone to hospital-acquired disability, and may misjudge exercise intensity. Therefore, individualized exercise prescription, guided by exercise testing when available, is important to support safe training thresholds. Early and gradual introduction of physical activity may help prevent complications associated with immobility, support blood pressure control, and contribute to improvements in functional capacity. However, training volume should be purposefully lower than in conventional program settings to reduce hemodynamic stress. Education on safe exercise parameters and self-monitoring plays a central role in enabling long-term adherence and promoting patient autonomy. Cardiac rehabilitation programs should incorporate dietary, nutritional, and psychological support. Although evidence specific to this patient population remains limited, available data suggest the feasibility and potential benefits of cardiac rehabilitation when delivered with appropriate precautions. Our review underscores the need for a tailored, multidisciplinary CR approach aimed at enhancing physical recovery, supporting cardiovascular stability, and improving overall quality of life in patients following surgery. Further research is required to define optimal program protocols.

Suppression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling extends mammalian life span and protects against a range of age-related diseases. Unexpectedly, we found that reduced IGF-1 signaling fails to extend the life span of mitochondrial mutator mice. Most of the longevity pathways that are normally initiated by IGF-1 suppression were either blocked or blunted in the mutator mice. These observations suggest that the prolongevity effects of IGF-1 suppression critically depend on the integrity of the mitochondrial genome, revealing an unexpected hierarchy in the pathways that control mammalian aging. Together, these findings deepen our understanding of the interactions between the hallmarks of aging and underscore the need for interventions that preserve the integrity of the mitochondrial genome.

Abstract Background: Black men carry a disproportionate prostate cancer (CaP) burden and often experience significant psychosocial distress at the point of prostate cancer diagnosis (PPCD). Many report emotional shock, uncertainty, and limited access to culturally competent guidance, which can negatively affect treatment decisions and long-term survivorship. To address these needs, we developed the PPCD Virtual Reality Assistant (ViRA), an immersive, AI-enabled intervention co-designed with Black CaP survivors. ViRA delivers tailored psycho-oncology support, emotional guidance, and navigation of social determinants of health (SDOH) within virtual reality environments. This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and usability of the PPCD ViRA (NCT06535802). Methods: ViRA was developed through a structured, seven-step co-design process with survivors, integrating mobile immersive technologies, SDOH navigation, and culturally grounded psycho-oncology content. Personalization was enabled through AI-driven predictive analytics and a recommendation engine. Alpha testing assessed initial usability and acceptability among 10 participants (seven team members and three Black CaP survivors). Beta testing with 24 Black men in Florida examined feasibility and preliminary efficacy. Results: A demonstration of ViRA is available (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mI-HS5R6sk). Alpha testing indicated strong usability, positive emotional engagement, and clear promise for enhancing support at the PPCD. In Beta testing, participants varied in age; most were married (58.3%), held a bachelor’s degree (45.8%), were retired (45.8%), and had a family history of cancer (83.3%). ViRA use was associated with increased engagement and reduced distress across participants. Overall, 74% rated ViRA as “excellent,” while the remainder rated it as “good” or “very good.” More than 90% reported being “very satisfied,” with the rest indicating satisfaction. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate high feasibility, acceptability, and cultural relevance of the PPCD ViRA for supporting Black men at diagnosis. Lessons learned highlight the need for culturally embedded design, emotional timing, community co-creation, flexible delivery formats, and strong community partnerships to advance digital health equity. The refinement and larger-scale validation to establish clinical utility and readiness for implementation is ongoing (NCT07126548). Citation Format: Folakemi T. Odedina, Che Ngufor, Christopher Williams, Mary Ellen Young, Floyd Willis, Adam M. Kase, Arnold Merriweather, Emelina Asto-Flores, Dee M. Glaser-Boivin, Jada Melton, Monica L. Albertie, Michelle Fudge, Quincy Wimberly, Inclusive Cancer Care Research Equity (iCCaRE) Consortium, Prostate Cancer Transatlantic Consortium (CaPTC). Novel application of the iCCaRE consortium virtual reality assistant (ViRA) to support Black men at the point of prostate cancer diagnosis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2026; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2026 Apr 17-22; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2026;86(7 Suppl):Abstract nr 6306.

Abstract Background: Black men across the African Diaspora experience a disproportionate burden of prostate cancer (CaP). The Inclusive Cancer Care Research Equity (iCCaRE) Consortium aims to eliminate CaP burden through global scientific collaboration, innovative research, community-engaged interventions, and next-generation workforce development. The primary objective for this Consortium was to optimize CaP diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship through research, research training and education, community engagement and community outreach. The Consortium integrates digital health technologies, community navigation, precision communication and precision science. Methods: Five full projects and one pilot project were launched across partner institutions in North America and Africa. Supported by multiple cores and services, the research activities included (1) implementation of a Point of Prostate Cancer Diagnosis Virtual Robot Assistant (PPCD-ViRA); (3) initiation of a cancer care at home trial; (4) migrant health studies of Caribbean and Sub-Saharan African immigrants; (5) expansion of genomic and metabolomic research; and (6) digital, psychosocial, and survivorship intervention development. Training and dissemination activities were deployed through iCCaRE TV, webinars, and community engagement programs including the Global Prostate Health Dialogue (Glo-PHD). Results: In one year, accomplishments included 45 presentations, 17 publications, 16 grant submissions, and 3 awards. The consortium delivered 408 live webinar engagements and reached more than 400 men globally through Glo-PHD. PPCD-ViRA was fully developed and prepared for clinical deployment (see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mI-HS5R6sk). The African cohort expansion for genomic and metabolomic profiling was activated across several countries, with biospecimen collection underway. Media dissemination generated more than 15,000 views across platforms, including high-impact educational videos (see: www.youtube.com/@iCCaREConsortium). Training achievements included 13 early-career investigators and 7 trained prostate cancer advocates. Conclusions: In just one year, the iCCaRE Consortium Phase 2 made substantial progress toward transforming CaP equity globally. Through multidisciplinary science, digital innovation, and community partnerships, the consortium is building scalable infrastructure to address diagnosis experiences, treatment quality, and survivorship among Black men. Ongoing efforts will continue to advance precision medicine, culturally grounded interventions, and global capacity building. Citation Format: Folakemi T. Odedina, Arnold Merriweather, Roxana S. Dronca, Ernest T. Kaninjing, Solomon Rotimi, Gerardo Colon-Otero, Kimlin Ashing, Ademola A. Popoola, Gladys Asiedu, Opeyemi Bolajoko, Ewan COBRAN, Emelina Asto-Flores, Floyd Willis, Christopher Williams, Monica L. Albertie, Michelle Fudge, Oluwaseyi Toye, Collisa Mahin, Jada Melton, Inclusive Cancer Care Research Equity (iCCaRE) Consortium, Prostate Cancer Transatlantic Consortium (CaPTC). Achieving prostate cancer equity globally: Multinational advances from the iCCaRE consortium [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2026; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2026 Apr 17-22; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2026;86(7 Suppl):Abstract nr 2382.

Abstract Introduction: COE has become the gold standard in addressing health disparities. COE’s value is emphasized by NIH and leading cancer-related organizations e.g., AACR. The Alliance for COE (The Alliance) mission is to advance the art, science, and impact of COE; promote community health and wellness; and reduce cancer burden and disparities. Methods: This abstract builds on the Alliance’s Science of Community Outreach and Engagement (SoCOE) Conference a NCI R13 funded series. SoCOE Conference is organized by 10 NCI-designated Cancer Centers to provide a platform for COE academic-clinical-policy-community stakeholders to share best practices for solution-focused community responsive cancer prevention, diagnostics, therapeutics and survivorship research and practice. Results: &gt; 500 researchers, clinicians, policymakers, healthcare administrators, with &gt;12% being survivors and/or advocates, participated in our SoCOE Conferences. The delegates’ recommendations are: Decentralize who/entities that hold all the power in science and clinical research (trials). Communities hold valuable, necessary wisdom and resources to inform and guide science Include multisectoral partners early and always Community capacity building and compensation with gratitude Mentoring of junior COE researchers, clinicians, policymakers, healthcare administrators, survivors and advocates with humility is a must Develop virtual communities to share best practices across cancer centers and within regions Develop working groups to identify and explore commonalities across COE work in rural/urban, diverse/homogenous spaces Publish Science of COE papers on various topics related to COE Frameworks and evidenced-solutions Provide community reports on best practice guide that can be widely available to be shared locally and in-person, and digitally Partner and learn from COE teams working with other cultural/ethnic groups Attend to, measure and remedy societal/social drivers of health disparities that mirror barriers to care, and research engagement and participation. Discussion: Informed by our community advisory boards and the findings for our SoCOE Conferences, we present the pillars of the Alliance to tackle population cancer burden and disparities: Training future COE leaders/advocates, Advocating for public health policies/guidelines, Increasing access to cancer prevention and care that will also increase access to studies, Engaging and partnering with multisectoral stakeholders and communities, Building community capacity, Advancing COE science through catchment-relevant research, and Leading bi-directional communication and information and resource sharing between catchment area communities and cancer centers. The expectation and impact of COE can only be achieved if COE teams are valued, supported cancer center members with community advisory boards and community as cancer centers’ priority population. Citation Format: Kimlin Ashing, CHARNITA ZEIGLER-JOHNSON, Hayley S. Thompson, Kim Rhoads, Nadine Barrett, Lisa Carter Bawa, Timiya S. Nolan, Monica Baskin, Vanessa B. Sheppard, Marvella E. Ford, Erica Phillips, Lorna H. McNeill, Folakemi T. Odedina. Advancing the science, practice and impact of COE [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2026; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2026 Apr 17-22; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2026;86(7 Suppl):Abstract nr 7577.