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Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | August 29, 2023 | Volume: 120 | Issue: 36 | Pages: No page available
Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1 *04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1 *04:04 and HLA-DRB1 *04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1 *04:01 and HLA-DRB1 *04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1 *04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1 *04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues.
Small vessel disease more than Alzheimer's disease determines diffusion MRI alterations in memory clinic patients
Finsterwalder, Sofia , Vlegels, Naomi , Caballero, Miguel Ángel Araque, Georgakis, Marios K. , (DIAN), Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network, Graff‐Radford, Neill R. , Salloway, Stephen , Oh, Hwamee , Chhatwal, Jasmeer P. , group, DELCODE study, Jessen, Frank , Düzel, Emrah , Dobisch, Laura, Metzger, Coraline D., Peters, Oliver , Incesoy, Enise I. , Priller, Josef , Spruth, Eike Jakob , Schneider, Anja , Fließbach, Klaus , Büerger, Katharina , Janowitz, Daniel , Kilimann, Ingo , Laske, Christoph , Buchmann, Martina, Heneka, Michael T. , Spottke, Annika , Roy, Nina, Ertl‐Wagner, Birgit , (ADNI), Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, group, Utrecht VCI study, Seo, Sang Won , Na, Duk L. , Kim, Hee Jin, Ewers, Michael , Xiong, Chengjie , Schmidt, Reinhold , Pasternak, Ofer , Dichgans, Martin , Biessels, Geert Jan , Duering, Marco , Dichgans, Martin , Xiong, Chengjie , Gesierich, Benno G. , Weaver, Nick A. , Franzmeier, Nicolai , Konieczny, Marek J., Koek, Huiberdina L. , (DIAN), Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network, Karch, Celeste M. , Allegri, Ricardo , group, DELCODE study, Teipel, Stefan Johannes , Brosseron, Frederic , Scheffler, Klaus , (ADNI), Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, group, Utrecht VCI study, Kim, Yeshin , Kim, Hee Jin, Jang, Hyemin , Biessels, Geert Jan , Duering, Marco
Alzheimer's & Dementia | August 25, 2020 | Volume: 16 | Issue: 11 | Pages: 1504-1514
AbstractIntroductionMicrostructural alterations as assessed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are key findings in both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and small vessel disease (SVD). We determined the contribution of each of these conditions to diffusion alterations.MethodsWe studied six samples (N = 365 participants) covering the spectrum of AD and SVD, including genetically defined samples. We calculated diffusion measures from DTI and free water imaging. Simple linear, multivariable random forest, and voxel‐based regressions were used to evaluate associations between AD biomarkers (amyloid beta, tau), SVD imaging markers, and diffusion measures.ResultsSVD markers were strongly associated with diffusion measures and showed a higher contribution than AD biomarkers in multivariable analysis across all memory clinic samples. Voxel‐wise analyses between tau and diffusion measures were not significant.DiscussionIn memory clinic patients, the effect of SVD on diffusion alterations largely exceeds the effect of AD, supporting the value of diffusion measures as markers of SVD.