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Association between exposure to bevacizumab (BV) beyond first progression (BBP) and overall survival (OS) in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): Results from a large observational study (BRiTE)
Sugrue, Mary M., Hedrick, Eric, Purdie, D., Dong, Wei , Kozloff, M., Grothey, Axel , Purdie, D., Jiang, Yi

Journal of Clinical Oncology | March 6, 2020 | Volume: 25 | Issue: 18_suppl | Pages: 4036-4036

10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.4036 Get It

4036 Background: While BV prolongs OS when used with standard 1st- or 2nd-line chemotherapy (CT) in mCRC, no data exist on the effects of BBP. A previous report from BRiTE showed favorable median OS (27.1 mo, 95% CI 24.8-NE), with 1st line PFS (median 10.1 mo, 95% CI:9.7–10.4) comparable to historical mCRC trials, suggesting significant impact of post-progression survival on OS. This exploratory analysis evaluates the association of various pre- and post-treatment variables with OS in BRiTE. Methods: Pt population and methods have been described previously (Kozloff, ASCO 2006). All pts in BRiTE received BV as part of 1st-line therapy. The use of BBP and choice of CT were at investigator’s discretion. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate PFS and OS. Cox’s proportional hazard model was used to assess the independent effects of pre- and post-treatment pt- related factors on OS, including age, ECOG PS, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, site of primary tumor, 1st-line CT regimen, 1st-line PFS, exposure to all 3 active CT agents, receipt of any 2nd-line CT, exposure to cetuximab, and BBP. Though there was variability observed in patterns of BBP, including continuous and discontinuous use, for the purpose of this analysis, BBP was defined as any exposure to BV after 1st progression (PD). Results: A total of 1,953 pts were treated in BRiTE. At median follow-up of 17.5 mo, there were 1,369 1st PD and 839 deaths. Among pts with 1st PD, 65.2% received any 2nd-line CT, 34.8% received cetuximab, and 53.8% received BBP. In a multivariate analysis, BBP and exposure to any 2nd-line CT were independently associated with increased OS (both p<0.0001). Age ≥65, PS ≥1, low albumin, elevated alkaline phosphatase, colon primary, and use of IFL were associated with inferior OS. Conclusions: BBP appears to be associated with longer OS in BRiTE. This finding supports the evaluation of BBP in prospective randomized clinical trials. Other factors that may have impacted this finding, including physician-related variables, will be investigated in future analyses. [Table: see text]
Requirement of the Cep57-Cep63 Interaction for Proper Cep152 Recruitment and Centriole Duplication
Wei, Zhuang , Ahn, Jong Il , Meng, Lingjun , Chen, Yaozong , RYU, E. K. , Ku, Bonsu , Zhou, Ming , Kim, Seung Jun , Bang, Jeong Kyu , Deursen, Jan M. van , Park, Jung‐Eun , Lee, Kyung S. , Ku, Bonsu , Lee, Kyung S , Kim, Tae Sung

Molecular and Cellular Biology | March 5, 2020 | Volume: 40 | Issue: 10 | Pages: No page available

10.1128/mcb.00535-19 | PMID 32152252 Get It

Abstract P425: Central Aortic Stiffening in Late-life and Odds of Dementia: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS)
Palta, Priya, Wei, Jingkai , Wu, Aozhou , Meyer, Michelle , Sharrett, A. Richey , Tanaka, Hirofumi , Hughes, Timothy M. , Matsushita, Kunihiro , Heiss, Gerardo , Meyer, Michelle, Knopman, David S. , Kucharska‐Newton, Anna , Mosley, Thomas H.

Circulation | March 2, 2020 | Volume: 141 | Issue: Suppl_1 | Pages: No page available

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.p425 Get It

Introduction: Stiffening of the aorta is associated with greater pulse pressure and transmission of pulsatile energy into the cerebral circulation, which can increase susceptibility to microvascular damage in the brain. We tested the hypothesis that higher aortic stiffness measured in late-life is associated with a greater prevalence odds of dementia measured ~5 years later. Methods: Dementia-free ARIC-NCS participants (n=4753; mean age: 75 years; 42% male; 21% black) with measures of aortic stiffness at the visit 5 (2011-2013) examination were included. Aortic stiffness was measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) using the VP-1000 Plus device (Omron Co., Japan) and modeled as continuous (per standard deviation (SD)), categorical into distribution-based quartiles, and as elevated vs. non-elevated cfPWV according to the upper 25 th percentile (13.34 m/s). Cognitive status (normal/mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia) was ascertained at the visit 5 and 6 (2016-2017) examinations with expert review by an adjudication committee of in-person cognitive testing. A multivariable logistic regression model estimated the adjusted association of cfPWV with 5-year odds of dementia. Results: Among dementia-free participants, a 1 SD higher cfPWV was associated with a greater odds of dementia (Odds Ratio (OR): 1.19 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.03, 1.39). Elevated cfPWV (upper 25 th percentile) was also associated with a greater odds of dementia (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.19) in this sample. This association was stronger among participants who were cognitively normal at visit 5 (n=3758, Table): the multivariable-adjusted OR of dementia = 2.16 (95% CI: 1.35, 3.47) for elevated vs. non-elevated cfPWV. The risk of dementia among those with baseline MCI (n=955) was not associated with cfPWV levels. Results were robust to adjustment for vascular risk factors. Conclusions: Among older adults, especially when MCI is not present, greater central aortic stiffness is associated with dementia risk.
Transcriptome‐wide association study of breast cancer risk by estrogen‐receptor status
Feng, Helian , Gusev, Alexander , Wu, Lang , Abu-Full, Zomoroda, Aittomäki, Kristiina, Andrulis, Irene L. , Antoniou, Antonis C. , Arason, Aðalgeir , Arndt, Volker , Aronson, Kristan J. , Asseryanis, Ella, Auer, Paul L. , Azzollini, Jacopo , Barkardóttir, Rósa B. , Barrowdale, Daniel , Beckmann, Matthias W. , Bermisheva, Marina , Białkowska, Katarzyna , Bogdanova, Natalia , Bojesen, Stig E. , Bolla, Manjeet K. , Borg, Åke , Brauch, Hiltrud , Brenner, Hermann , Brüning, Thomas , Burwinkel, Barbara , Caldés, Trinidad , Canisius, Sander , Campa, Daniele , Carter, Brian D., Castelao, Jose E. , Chang‐Claude, Jenny , Christiansen, Hans , Claes, Kathleen , Collaborators, GEMO Study, Collaborators, EMBRACE, Collaborators, GC‐HBOC study, Cox, Angela , Daly, Mary B., Leeneer, Kim De , Dörk, Thilo , Dwek, Miriam , Eccles, Diana M., Ejlertsen, Bent , Engel, Christoph , Fasching, Peter A. , Flyger, Henrik, Friedman, Eitan , Frost, Debra, Gabrielson, Marike , Ganz, Patricia A. , Gapstur, Susan M. , García‐Closas, Montserrat , Gaudet, Mia M. , Glendon, Gord , Goldberg, Mark S. , Goldgar, David E., González‐Neira, Anna , Greene, Mark H. , Guénel, Pascal , Haiman, Christopher A. , Hamann, Ute, Hake, Christopher R., He, Wei , Heyworth, Jane , Hogervorst, Frans B.L., Hooning, Maartje J. , Hoover, Robert N. , Hopper, John L. , Huang, Guanmengqian, Hulick, Peter J. , Humphreys, Keith , Imyanitov, Evgeny N., Investigators, ABCTB, Investigators, HEBON, Investigators, BCFR, Investigators, OCGN, Jakimovska, Milena , Jakubowska, Anna , James, Paul A. , Janavicius, Ramunas, Jankowitz, Rachel C. , John, Esther M. , Johnson, Nichola , Jung, Audrey , Kiiski, Johanna I. , Konstantopoulou, Irene , Kristensen, Vessela N. , Laitman, Yael , Lambrechts, Diether , Leroux, Dominique, Lester, Jenny, Lesueur, Fabienne , Lindor, Noralane M. , Lindström, Sara, Lo, Wing‐Yee, Loud, Jennifer T. , Makalic, Enes , Mannermaa, Arto, Manoochehri, Mehdi, Manoukian, Siranoush , Margolin, Sara , Matricardi, Laura , Maurer, Tabea, Mavroudis, Dimitrios, McGuffog, Lesley, Meindl, Alfons , Menon, Usha , Michailidou, Kyriaki , Kapoor, Pooja M., Montagna, Marco , Moreno, Fernando , Muranen, Taru , Nathanson, Katherine L. , Nevelsteen, Ines, Ņikitina-Zaķe, Liene , Offit, Kenneth, Oláh, Edith , Olopade, Olufunmilayo I. , Olsson, Håkan , Osório, Ana , Papp, J., Park‐Simon, Tjoung‐Won , Pedersen, Inge Søkilde , Peixoto, Ana , Peterlongo, Paolo , Peto, Julian , Phillips, Kelly‐Anne , Plaseska‐Karanfilska, Dijana , Poppe, Bruce , Pradhan, Nisha , Prajzendanc, Karolina , Punie, Kevin , Pylkäs, Katri , Rantala, Johanna, Rashid, Muhammad Usman , Rennert, Gad , Romero, Atocha , Saloustros, Emmanouil , Sandler, Dale P. , Santos, Catarina , Sawyer, Elinor J. , Schmutzler, Rita K., Schoemaker, Minouk J. , Scott, Rodney J. , Simard, Jacques , Skytte, Anne‐Bine , Soucy, Penny, Spinelli, John J. , Stone, Jennifer , Tapper, William , Taylor, Jack A. , Teixeira, Manuel R. , Terry, Mary Beth , Teulé, Àlex , Thomassen, Mads , Thöne, Kathrin , Thull, Darcy L. , Tollenaar, Rob A.�E.�M. , Torres, Diana , Vachon, Celine M. , Ouweland, Ans M.W. van den, Vega, Ana , Viel, Alessandra , Vieiro‐Balo, Paula, Wang, Qin , Wappenschmidt, Barbara , Weinberg, Clarice R. , Weitzel, Jeffrey N. , Wendt, Camilla, Winqvist, Robert , Yang, Xiaohong R., Easton, Douglas F. , Chenevix‐Trench, Georgia , Durocher, Francine , Eccles, Diana , Janavičius, Ramūnas , Khaw, Kay‐Tee , Lambrechts, Diether , Lindor, Noralane, Dörk, Thilo , Lambrechts, Diether , Hulick, Peter J , James, Paul , Lesueur, Fabienne , Peterlongo, Paolo , Rennert, Gad , Sandler, Dale P , Teixeira, Manuel R , Eccles, Diana , Menon, Usha , Vega, Ana , Weitzel, Jeffrey N , Claes, Kathleen B M , Azzollini, Jacopo , John, Esther M , Konstantopoulou, Irene , Matricardi, Laura , Olopade, Olufunmilayo I , Arndt, Volker , Jakubowska, Anna , Lambrechts, Diether , Brenner, Hermann , Cox, Angela , Guénel, Pascal , Muranen, Taru A , Romero, Atocha , Saloustros, Emmanouil , Torres, Diana , García-Closas, Montserrat , Makalic, Enes , Michailidou, Kyriaki , Bogdanova, Natalia V , Taylor, Jack A , Nathanson, Katherine L , Arason, Adalgeir , Barrowdale, Daniel , Engel, Christoph , Montagna, Marco , Viel, Alessandra , Simard, Jacques , Chenevix-Trench, Georgia , Jung, Audrey Y , Gabrielson, Marike , Stone, Jennifer , Pylkäs, Katri , Rashid, Muhammad U , De Leeneer, Kim , Manoukian, Siranoush , Bojesen, Stig E , Schoemaker, Minouk J , Weinberg, Clarice R , Phillips, Kelly-Anne , Terry, Mary Beth , Brauch, Hiltrud , Plaseska-Karanfilska, Dijana , Sawyer, Elinor J , Paşaniuc, Bogdan , Long, Jirong , Anton‐Culver, Hoda , Arun, Banu , Balmañà, Judith , Barnes, Daniel R. , Behrens, Sabine , Benı́tez, Javier , Blanco, Ana , Blomqvist, Carl , Boeckx, Bram , Bonanni, Bernardo , Borg, Åke , Briceño, Ignacio , Broeks, Annegien , Cai, Qiuyin , Caligo, Maria A. , Campbell, Ian , Carter, Jonathan , Chanock, Stephen Jacob , Chung, Wendy K. , Clarke, Christine L. , Collaborators, GEMO Study, Collaborators, EMBRACE, Collaborators, GC‐HBOC study, Couch, Fergus J. , Cross, Simon S. , Cybulski, Cezary , Czene, Kamila , Hoya, Miguel de la , Dennis, Joe , Devilee, Peter , Dı́ez, Orland , Domchek, Susan M. , dos‐Santos‐Silva, Isabel , Dunning, Alison M. , Ellberg, Carolina , Eriksson, Mikael , Fletcher, Olivia , Fostira, Florentia , Fritschi, Lin , Garber, Judy E. , García-Sáenz, José Á. , Giles, Graham G. , Godwin, Andrew K. , Goldgar, David E., Gronwald, Jacek , Hall, Per N , Hollestelle, Antoinette , Investigators, ABCTB, Investigators, HEBON, Investigators, BCFR, Investigators, OCGN, Isaacs, Claudine , Vijai, Joseph , Karlan, Beth Y. , Хуснутдинова, Э. К. , Lázaro, Conxi , Leslie, Goska , Lubiński, Jan , Mannermaa, Arto, Martens, John W.M. , Martı́nez, Marı́a Elena , Meindl, Alfons , Kapoor, Pooja M., Miller, Austin , Moserle, Lidia , Mulligan, Anna Marie , Neuhausen, Susan L. , Nevanlinna, Heli , Nielsen, Finn Cilius , Parsons, Michael T. , Pharoah, Paul D.P. , Presneau, Nadège , Radice, Paolo , Risch, Harvey A. , Robson, Mark E. , Schmidt, Marjanka K. , Schmidt, Daniel F. , Sharma, Priyanka , Shu, Xiao‐Ou , Singer, Christian F. , Southey, Melissa C. , Spurdle, Amanda B. , Swerdlow, Anthony J. , Tischkowitz, Marc D. , Toland, Amanda Ewart , Truong, Thérèse , Tung, Nadine , Vachon, Celine M. , Asperen, Christi J. van , Rensburg, Elizabeth J. van , Yannoukakos, Drakoulis , Ziogas, Argyrios , Milne, Roger L. , Zheng, Wei , Kraft, Peter , Jiang, Xia

Genetic Epidemiology | March 2, 2020 | Volume: 44 | Issue: 5 | Pages: 442-468

10.1002/gepi.22288 | PMID 32115800 Get It

AbstractPrevious transcriptome‐wide association studies (TWAS) have identified breast cancer risk genes by integrating data from expression quantitative loci and genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), but analyses of breast cancer subtype‐specific associations have been limited. In this study, we conducted a TWAS using gene expression data from GTEx and summary statistics from the hitherto largest GWAS meta‐analysis conducted for breast cancer overall, and by estrogen receptor subtypes (ER+ and ER−). We further compared associations with ER+ and ER− subtypes, using a case‐only TWAS approach. We also conducted multigene conditional analyses in regions with multiple TWAS associations. Two genes, STXBP4 and HIST2H2BA, were specifically associated with ER+ but not with ER– breast cancer. We further identified 30 TWAS‐significant genes associated with overall breast cancer risk, including four that were not identified in previous studies. Conditional analyses identified single independent breast‐cancer gene in three of six regions harboring multiple TWAS‐significant genes. Our study provides new information on breast cancer genetics and biology, particularly about genomic differences between ER+ and ER− breast cancer.
Safety and efficacy of tazemetostat, a first-in-class EZH2 inhibitor, in patients (pts) with epithelioid sarcoma (ES) (NCT02601950).
Schöffski, Patrick , Agulnik, Mark , Villalobos, Víctor M. , Jahan, Thierry, Attia, Steven , Sierra, Laura, Yang, Jay , Rajarethinam, Anand, Gounder, Mrinal M. , Stacchiotti, Silvia , Jones, Robin L. , Chen, Tom Wei‐Wu , Italiano, Antoîne , Demetri, George D. , Coté, Gregory M. , Chugh, Rashmi , Gupta, Abha A. , Loggers, Elizabeth T , Tine, Brian A. Van

Journal of Clinical Oncology | February 25, 2020 | Volume: 37 | Issue: 15_suppl | Pages: 11003-11003

10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.11003 Get It

11003 Background: ES is a rare soft tissue sarcoma that metastasizes in approximately 30% to 50% of cases. More than 90% of ES tumors lack expression of INI1, an important component of epigenetic regulation. Loss of INI1 function allows another epigenetic modifier, EZH2, to become an oncogenic driver in tumor cells. Tazemetostat, a first-in-class, selective, oral inhibitor of EZH2, has demonstrated tumor regression and favorable safety in phase 1/2 trials. Methods: Data from a phase 2 open-label, multicenter trial of pts with locally advanced or metastatic ES are reported. Efficacy was assessed with primary and secondary endpoints including objective response rate (ORR) by RECIST 1.1, disease control rate (DCR; objective confirmed response of any duration or stable disease [SD] lasting ≥32 weeks), duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS); safety and tolerability were also evaluated. Results: As of September 17, 2018, 62 INI1-negative ES pts were enrolled and treated with tazemetostat 800 mg BID. The median number of prior lines of therapy was 1 (range: 0-9). There were 9/62 (15%) confirmed partial responses (PRs) with an ORR of 15% and DCR of 26%. The DOR ranged from 7.1+ weeks to 103.0+ weeks (median: not reached) with a median OS of 82.4 weeks (95% CI: 47.4, not estimable) for all 62 pts. Tazemetostat was generally well tolerated. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were generally mild to moderate with the most commonly reported adverse events (AEs; ≥10% incidence) regardless of attribution being fatigue (24/62; 39%), nausea (22/62; 35%), and cancer pain (20/62; 32%). Any treatment-related TEAEs of grade ≥3 were reported in 10/62 (16%) pts. TEAEs grade ≥3 reported in ≥2 pts included anemia (6%) and decreased weight (3%). There were no drug-related deaths and a low discontinuation rate (1.7%). Conclusions: In the largest prospective clinical trial of ES to date, tazemetostat achieved disease control in 26% of pts with advanced ES who entered this study. Durable clinical response of the drug was documented. Tazemetostat demonstrated favorable safety with few pts with treatment-related AEs grade ≥3. Clinical trial information: NCT02601950.
Systematic use of fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation and clinicopathological features in the screening of PDGFRB rearrangements of patients with myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms
Fang, Hong , Loghavi, Sanam , Greipp, Patricia T. , Wang, Wei , Verstovšek, Srđan , Reichard, Kaaren K. , Miranda, Roberto N. , Wang, Sa A. , Loghavi, Sanam , Greipp, Patricia, Wang, Wei , Verstovsek, Srdan , Greipp, Patricia T , Miranda, Roberto N , Tang, Guilin , Medeiros, L. Jeffrey

Histopathology | February 21, 2020 | Volume: 76 | Issue: 7 | Pages: 1042-1054

10.1111/his.14097 | PMID 32083752 Get It

AimsRearrangement of the platelet‐derived growth factor receptor B (PDGFRB) gene defines a unique group of myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with frequent eosinophilia and high sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This genetic abnormality is also rarely reported in Philadelphia‐like B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma (B‐ALL). PDGFRB rearrangement was initially thought to only occur in cases with 5q31–33 rearrangement as determined with conventional cytogenetics; however, there are reported cases with cryptic rearrangements. We aim to develop a broader strategy for screening of PDGFRB rearrangements of patients with myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms.Methods and resultsWe performed fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation (FISH) for PDGFRB rearrangement in 197 patients, including 70 with B‐ALL, 10 with myeloid neoplasms with 5q31–33 rearrangements, and 117 with eosinophilia (≥0.5 × 109/l in peripheral blood or ≥5% in bone marrow), and identified PDGFRB rearrangement in four of 197 (2.0%) cases. In an attempt to identify clinicopathological and genetic features that may have a stronger association with PDGFRB rearrangement, we analysed 13 patients with confirmed PDGFRB rearrangements, including 10 with myeloid neoplasms and three with B‐ALL. Among the 10 patients with myeloid neoplasms, eosinophilia was present in eight, monocytosis in two, 5q31–33 rearrangement in seven, and abnormal bone marrow morphology in all. All patients with myeloid neoplasms showed an excellent response to imatinib, including a patient in blast crisis. The three B‐ALL patients presented de novo, showed no eosinophilia, had a complex karyotype including 5q31–33 rearrangement, and had clinically aggressive courses with ultimate patient demise.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that a higher yield for the identification of PDGFRB rearrangement may result from an index of suspicion in patients with eosinophilia, monocytosis, bone marrow features of a myeloid neoplasm, and 5q31–33 rearrangement, and patients with Philadelphia‐like B‐ALL.
Prevalence and electrophysiological phenotype of rare SCN5A genetic variants identified in unexplained sudden cardiac arrest survivors
Giudicessi, John R. , Ye, Dan , Stutzman, Marissa J., Zhou, Wei , Tester, David J. , Ackerman, Michael J.

EP Europace | February 14, 2020 | Volume: 22 | Issue: 4 | Pages: 622-631

10.1093/europace/euz337 | PMID 32091595 Get It

Abstract Aims To determine the prevalence and in vitro electrophysiological (EP) phenotype of ultra-rare SCN5A variants of uncertain significance (VUS) identified in unexplained sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) survivors. Methods and results Retrospective review of 73 unexplained SCA survivors was used to identify all patients that underwent a form of genetic testing that included comprehensive SCN5A analysis. Ultra-rare SCN5A variants (minor allele frequency &lt; 0.005) were adjudicated according to the 2015 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines. Variants designated as VUS were expressed heterologously and characterized using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. Overall, 60/73 (82%; the average age at SCA 28 ± 12 years) unexplained SCA survivors had received SCN5A genetic testing. Of these, 5/60 (8.3%) had an ultra-rare SCN5A variant. All SCN5A variants were classified as VUS. Whereas the single SCN5A VUS (p.Asp872Asn-SCN5A) identified in an unexplained SCA survivor with PR interval prolongation and inferior early repolarization conferred a loss-of-function phenotype (46.2% reduction in peak current density; 16 ms slower recovery from inactivation), the four other SCN5A VUS (p.Glu30Gly-SCN5A, p.Gln245Lys-SCN5A, p.Pro648Leu-SCN5A, and p.Glu1240Gln-SCN5A) identified in unexplained SCA survivors without early repolarization/conduction delay were indistinguishable from wild-type Nav1.5 channels. Conclusion In the absence of a phenotype(s) potentially attributable to sodium channel dysfunction, all SCN5A VUS identified in unexplained SCA survivors conferred a wild-type EP phenotype in vitro. As the background rate of SCN5A genetic variation is not trivial, great care must be taken to avoid prioritizing genotype over phenotype when attempting to ascertain the root cause of an individual's SCA.
Tumor Mutational Load and Germline Polygenic Risk Score Predicts Time-to-First Treatment in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) and High-Count Monoclonal B Cell Lymphocytosis (MBL)
Kleinstern, Geffen , O’Brien, Daniel R. , Kabat, Brian, Yan, Huihuang , Vachon, Celine M. , Tian, Shulan , Call, Timothy G. , Leis, José F., Rabe, Kari G. , Norman, Aaron D. , Vachon, Celine M. , Parikh, Sameer A. , Ding, Wei , Cerhan, James R. , Kay, Neil E. , Braggio, Esteban , Slager, Susan L.

Blood | February 14, 2020 | Volume: 134 | Issue: Supplement_1 | Pages: 852-852

10.1182/blood-2019-124346 Get It

Background The CLL international prognostic index (CLL-IPI) is a validated staging system for newly diagnosed CLL patients that combines age, clinical stage, serum Beta-2 microglobulin, TP53, and IGHV mutation status into a single score and stratifies CLL patients into four prognostic risk groups with a c-statistic=0.72. Next-generation sequencing identified ~60 putative driver genes recurrently mutated in CLL, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified 41 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with CLL risk. We previously showed that a polygenic risk score (PRS) of the weighted average of the number of risk alleles among these 41 SNPs is associated with risk of both CLL and MBL. We and others have also shown that the tumor mutational load (TML), i.e., the total number of somatically mutated driver genes, is associated with time to first treatment (TTT). Herein, we examine whether TML and PRS add prognostic value beyond CLL-IPI for disease progression in a cohort of CLL and high-count MBLs. Methods We used the Mayo Clinic CLL resource to identify newly diagnosed (&lt;2 years) previously untreated CLL and high-count MBL patients based on the 2008 International Workshop CLL (IWCLL) criteria . We extracted DNA from CD5+/CD19+ clonal B-cells and sequenced the coding regions of 59 recurrently mutated CLL driver genes using a custom SureSelect panel and Illumina HiSeq 4000. The median coverage depth per sample was 2737X. Somatic mutations were called using MuTect2 in tumor-only mode. Germline variants were eliminated based on minor allele frequencies &gt;0.01%, and by those identified in 1000 Genomes Project, ExAC and/or ESP6500 databases, unless present in known mutation hotspots or COSMIC. After filtering high/moderate impact mutations, we calculated the TML. Peripheral blood DNA was genotyped on Illumina Omni Express array; after extensive quality control metrics, we calculated the germline PRS as the weighted average of the number of risk alleles among the CLL susceptibility SNPs. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to test for associations with TTT. We analyzed the low/intermediate risk groups and the high/very high risk groups in stratified analyses and tested for interactions between CLL-IPI and TML or PRS. Survival curves are displayed using the Kaplan-Meier method using P-values from the log-rank test; the PRS is displayed by tertile categories. Results Of 166 patients (120 CLL, 46 MBL), 67% were male and the median age at diagnosis was 62 years (range: 28-85). The median follow-up was 5.3 years, and 73 were treated for progressive disease as defined by the 2018 IWCLL criteria. Low risk CLL-IPI comprised 51%, intermediate risk 27%, high risk 18%, and very-high risk 4%. The most commonly somatically mutated genes were TP53 (8%), CHD2 (8%), BIRC3 (8%), SF3B1 (7%), and NOTCH1 (7%). We found that 42%, 32%, and 26% of patients had 0, 1, or 2+ genes with somatic mutations, respectively. The median PRS was 8.3 (range: 6.1-11.3) which is consistent with our prior PRS study on CLL/MBL and higher than 7.53 found in 7983 controls from our prior work. When we modeled TML, PRS, sex, CLL/MBL status and CLL-IPI together with the joint effects of CLL-IPI with TML and PRS, both interactions were significant in the model (P=0.008 for TML*CLL-IPI and P=0.014 for PRS*CLL-IPI), with c-statistic=0.81 (CI:0.77-0.85). When we stratified by CLL-IPI, TML was associated with shorter TTT in the low/intermediate risk (N=129, continuous HR=2.36 per TML category, CI: 1.61-3.47, P=1.3x10-5, Figure 1.A), but there was no evidence of an association in the high/very-high risk (N=37, continuous HR=1.12 per TML category, CI: 0.70-1. 78, P=0.64, Figure 1.B), after adjusting for PRS, sex, and CLL/MBL status. However, the PRS was associated with a shorter TTT in the high/very-high risk (continuous HR=1.77 per SD, CI: 1.00-3.12, P=0.048, Figure 1.D), with no evidence of an association in the low/intermediate risk (continuous HR=0.95 per SD, CI: 0.95-1.29, P=0.74, Figure 1.C), after adjusting for TML, sex, and CLL/MBL status. Conclusions In our study, TML was prognostic among the low/intermediate CLL-IPI risk groups while the PRS was prognostic among the high/very-high CLL-IPI risk groups. Sequencing CLL driver genes and genotyping relevant germline SNPs at time of diagnosis may provide incremental value over the CLL-IPI in predicting TTT among patients with CLL/MBL. Disclosures Parikh: MorphoSys: Research Funding; Genentech: Honoraria; AbbVie: Honoraria, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; Ascentage Pharma: Research Funding; Acerta Pharma: Research Funding. Ding:Merck: Research Funding; DTRM Biopharma: Research Funding. Cerhan:Celgene: Research Funding; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; NanoString: Research Funding. Kay:MorphoSys: Other: Data Safety Monitoring Board; Infinity Pharmaceuticals: Other: DSMB; Celgene: Other: Data Safety Monitoring Board; Agios: Other: DSMB.
IRF4 Is Reciprocally Dysregulated Via NF-Κb-Dependent Expression and Loss-of-Function Mutations in Multiple Myeloma
Sun, Yue , Kumar, Shaji , Jin, Fengyan , Dai, Yun , Wu, Wei

Blood | February 14, 2020 | Volume: 134 | Issue: Supplement_1 | Pages: 687-687

10.1182/blood-2019-132051 Get It

Introduction: Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is a transcription factor involved in B cell activation and differentiation into plasma cells, as well as B-cell lineage neoplasia. Diverse genetic abnormalities and dysregulated expression of IRF4 have been documented in various hematologic malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM). IRF4 is also identified as a major downstream target of CRBN/IKZF to regulate MYC expression, representing a primary mechanism underlying anti-MM action of IMiDs. However, it remains unclear how the expression and function of IRF4 are regulated in MM cells. Materials and Methods: DNAseq, whole exome RNAseq (WES), and label-free analyses of quantitative proteomics and post-translational modifications (PTMs) mapping were conducted to examine genetic aberrations, transcriptional dysregulation, or protein and PTM alterations in primary patient samples and drug-naive vs -resistant cell lines. Flow cytometry, qPCR, and Western blot analysis were utilized to monitor apoptosis or mRNA and protein levels of target genes. Stable transfection with wild-type or mutated IRF4 was carried out to evaluate its function. Analysis of the MM genome-wide GEP databases (R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform) was performed to validate the clinical significance of IRF4 and its target genes in MM patients. Results: MM cells that acquired bortezomib (btz) resistance (PS-R) exhibited a marked increase in protein levels of multiple key components of the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB signaling cascades, in association with increased NF-κB transcriptional activity. Pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB using several compounds (e.g., Bay 11-7082, parthenolide, triptolide) significantly increased btz sensitivity in PS-R cells and their parental U266 cells, as well as other MM cell lines. These events were accompanied by down-regulation of various genes, including NF-κB-dependent genes and those whose relationship with NF-κB remains uncertain. The latter included IRF4, MYC, MCL1, BIRC2/cIAP1, SQSTM1/p62, among others. Of note, overexpression of wild-type IRF4 sharply reduced sensitivity of drug-naive cells to btz alone or in combination with NF-κB inhibitors. However, IRF4 overexpression did not prevent inactivation of NF-κB and down-regulation of the NF-κB-dependent genes (e.g., Bcl-xL, TNFAIP3/A20), suggesting that IRF4 acts downstream of NF-κB. Surprisingly, IRF4 overexpression failed to restore expression of MYC, a well-established target of IRF4, while largely reversed expression of cIAP1 and Mcl-1 at both mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, inhibitors of either IAP (birinapant/TL32711) or Mcl-1 (S63845) overcame btz-resistance conferred by IRF4 overexpression. DNAseq unveiled multiple IRF4 SNPs located in introns and exons (both 3'-UTR and coding region) of chromosome 6. WES revealed that IRF4 was highly expressed in primary bone marrow and extramedullary samples of MM patients (2~10 folds over normal donors). But no difference at mRNA and protein levels of IRF4 was observed between drug-naive and -resistant cell lines. The global PTM mapping identified two lysine residues (K59 and K399) that were highly ubiquitinated in PS-R cells (p = 0.0447 and p = 0.0004, vs U266 cells). Interestingly, ectopic expression of IRF4 mutants (e.g., K59N, K123R) lost the cytoprotective capability of their wild-type counterpart, in association with failure to reverse down-regulation of cIAP1 and Mcl-1. This observation argues that these point mutations are loss-of-function, which might explain better prognosis of patients carrying IRF4 mutations (including K59N and K123R) than wild-type IRF4 as reported previously. Last, the MM GEP database analysis validated the correlation between IRF4 and Mcl-1 or cIAP expression, as well as the adverse effect of their dysregulation on overall survival of MM patients. Conclusion: IRF4 is highly expressed in MM cells, likely via an NF-κB-dependent mechanism. IRF4 acts downstream of the NF-κB signaling pathways, which in turn directly targets cIAP1 and Mcl-1, rather than MYC, to confer drug resistance. IRF4 could be mutated in MM patients, while the point mutations, at least at certain lysine sites, seem to be loss-of-function and thus predict better outcome. Together, these findings suggest that the oncogenic function of IRF4 might be governed at genetic, transcriptional, and PTM levels in MM cells. Disclosures Kumar: Takeda: Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding.
A Phase Ia/Ib Study Exploring the Synthetic Lethality of the Orally Administered Novel BTK Inhibitor, Dtrmwxhs-12 (DTRM-12), in Combination with Everolimus and Pomalidomide in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory CLL, DLBCL or Other B-Cell Lymphomas
Mato, Anthony R. , Foss, Francine M., Isufi, Iris, Brander, Danielle M. , Kennard, Kaitlin, King, Cara M, Koehler, Amber B. , Aitken, Casey N., Kearney, Albert, Gui, Min, Anderson, Barry, Schuster, Stephen J. , Ding, Wei , Sitlinger, Andrea Phillips , Tun, Han W. , Moustafa, Muhamad Alhaj , He, Wei , Rosenthal, Allison , Roeker, Lindsey E. , Huntington, Scott F.

Blood | February 14, 2020 | Volume: 134 | Issue: Supplement_1 | Pages: 810-810

10.1182/blood-2019-126192 Get It

Targeted agents have greatly improved outcomes for patients (pts) with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and other B cell lymphomas; however, single agents have been limited by intolerance, resistance and depth/durability of responses. Current novel targeted agent combinations may improve depth of response, but such "full dose" strategies have been associated with significant AEs, dose reductions/interruptions and discontinuations. Our in vitro & in vivo screening/optimization studies identified that concurrent inhibition of BTK & mTOR targets plus IMiD at low doses of each inhibitor can synergistically kill B-cell malignancies and may address drug-resistance. DTRM-555 is an optimized oral triplet combination of a novel BTK inhibitor DTRMWXHS-12 (DTRM-12) with everolimus (EV) & pomalidomide (POM). This once daily therapy was tested in a stepwise, phase I, US multicenter study in patients with highest unmet medical needs including r/r CLL, Richter's transformation (RT) of CLL, DLBCL, transformed B-cell lymphomas. We conducted a 3+3 design phase I, first human trial exploring DTRM-555 in pts ≥18 years, ECOG PS ≤1 with CLL, B-cell NHL, or Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) with no available standard therapy (NCT02900716). Our goal was to determine optimal doses for triplet combination therapy through 3 escalating phases of study: DTRM-12 in escalating doses (50, 100, 200, & 300 mg/day) in Part Ia, DTRM-12 at 200 mg or 300 mg & EV at 5 mg (doublet or DTRM-505) in Part Ib Arm A while DTRM-12 at 200 mg or 300 mg, EV at 5 mg & POM at 2 mg in Part Ib Arm B. For all arms, treatment was administered for 21 consecutive days of a 28-day cycle, until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Safety was the primary endpoint, and the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) period was cycle 1. Secondary endpoints included response (iwCLL 2018 or Cheson 2014), progression free survival, duration of response and pharmacokinetics. Intra-patient migration between arms (Mono to doublet to triplet) was permitted if subsequent doses were tolerated. The trial commenced 9/27/2016 and completed enrollment 7/25/2019. Thirty-three pts were enrolled, including 2 screen failures and 4 intra-cohort migrations, with r/r DLBCL (n=8), CLL/SLL (n=5), RT (n=6), FL (n=5), MCL (n=4), MZL/LPL (n=3), HL (n=2). 30 of 31 treated pts were evaluated: 8 pts participated in phase Ia (DTRM-12) while 23 pts were treated on phase Ib combinations (DTRM-505 & DTRM-555). Baseline characteristics: 70% male (n=23), median age 70 years (range 46-94) and 94% white. Median prior therapies were 3 (range 1-10), 53% had been treated with ≥1 prior targeted agent (i.e., CD19/CD3 bispecific antibody, obtinutuzumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, ibrutinib, venetoclax, PI3k-i), CAR-T or HSCT. 35% pts were previously treated with ibrutinib. Table 1 describes Grade (Gr) 3 and 4 AEs (all causality, stratified by treatment arm). Regarding safety, AEs were manageable, with a total of 5 DLTs were observed: 2 (Gr 3 febrile neutropenia, URI) in part Ib arm A, 3 (Gr 4 thrombocytopenia, Gr 3 diarrhea, G3 febrile neutropenia) in Part Ib arm B. No MTD was reached for the mono & doublet arms, with the MTD of the triplet determined to be DTRM-12 200 mg, EV 5 mg, & POM 2 mg. Spider plot (Figure 1a) shows the clinical response for individual CLL and lymphoma pts treated with mono, doublet and triplet therapies. Depth and durability of response improved with combination therapies (vs. mono). Of note, 48% of all patients had a ≥50% reduction in sum of the products of lymph node diameters. Representative PET-CT scans are in Figure 1b-c. Responses in multi-refractory pts are ongoing (including 15+ mos in a pt with r/r DLBCL and 5+ mos PR in a pt aged &gt; 90 yrs with r/r DLBCL; 4+ & 13+ mos PRs in two pts with RT). DTRM-12 plasma concentrations were unaffected by EV & POM (Once Daily Oral Therapies) in Figure 1d. The clinical trial met its primary endpoint as the triple combination DTRM-555 had an acceptable safety profile. Dose dependent drug levels with minimal inter-pt variations were observed in all arms, supporting once daily oral administration of this low-dose combination therapy. Encouraging clinical activity was observed in several high-risk, multi-refractory CLL and lymphoma pts, including those previously treated with ibrutinib. Thus synthetic lethality is a viable treatment approach. A phase II US expansion study is underway targeting pts with transformed lymphomas (follicular or prior CLL) and r/r DLBCL cohorts. Table 1. Disclosures Mato: AbbVie: Consultancy, Research Funding; Sunesis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Research Funding; Johnson & Johnson: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Gilead: Research Funding; Acerta: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; TG Therapeutics: Consultancy, Other: DSMB member , Research Funding; LOXO: Consultancy, Research Funding; DTRM Biopharma: Research Funding. Schuster:DTRM Biopharma: Research Funding. Foss:Mallinckrodt: Consultancy; Acrotech: Consultancy; miRagen: Consultancy; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Other: fees for non-CME/CE services ; Eisai: Consultancy; Spectrum: Other: fees for non-CME/CE services . Isufi:Novartis: Consultancy; Astra Zeneca: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy. Ding:Merck: Research Funding; DTRM Biopharma: Research Funding. Brander:Novartis: Consultancy; MEI: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company: Consultancy; BeiGene: Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Research Funding; Acerta: Research Funding; Tolero: Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Teva: Consultancy, Honoraria; TG Therapeutics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; DTRM Biopharma: Research Funding. Tun:Mundi-pharma: Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Research Funding; Curis: Research Funding; DTRM Biopharma: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding. He:DTRM Biopharma: Employment, Equity Ownership. Kearney:DTRM Biopharma: Employment, Equity Ownership. Gui:DTRM Biopharma: Employment, Equity Ownership. Anderson:Theradex: Employment. Roeker:AbbVie: Equity Ownership; Abbott Laboratories: Equity Ownership. Huntington:Bayer: Consultancy, Honoraria; AbbVie: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Honoraria; DTRM Biopharm: Research Funding. OffLabel Disclosure: Everolimus in B cell lymphomas and CLL Pomalidomide in B cell lymphomas and CLL