Citations

Morel-Lavallee lesions (MLLs) are traumatic closed degloving injuries with operative intervention (OI), especially excisional debridement, remaining the mainstay of treatment. However, high-quality evidence describing operative techniques and outcomes remains limited. This study aimed to characterize current OI practices and associated outcomes, especially among patients undergoing excisional debridement, hypothesizing an increased risk of wound complications with this approach for MLLs. Methods This prospective (2021-2024), multicenter, observational study was conducted across 15 trauma centers and included patients diagnosed with MLL who underwent OI. The association between operative technique (eg, excisional debridement) and the primary outcome of wound complications was evaluated. Wound complications were defined as cellulitis, deep wound infection, skin necrosis, necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI), and/or organized hematoma. Results Of 88 MLL patients undergoing OI, 36 (40.9%) had excisional debridement, with 4 (11.1%) limited excision to skin, 20 (55.6%) extended to subcutaneous tissue, and 12 (33.3%) down to muscle. Excisional debridement had higher rates of skin necrosis (22.2% vs. 1.9%, P = .002). Although overall rates of wound complications were statistically similar between cohorts (33.3% vs. 17.3%, P = .098), univariate analysis demonstrated excisional debridement had increased risk of wound complications (OR 2.52, CI 1.07-5.97, P = .035). Conclusion This prospective multicenter study over three years demonstrated that a fifth of MLLs undergoing excisional debridement developed postoperative skin necrosis. Excisional debridement also had a more than two-fold increased risk of wound complications compared to other OIs. These findings underscore the importance of investigating alternative operative techniques, such as incision and drainage or minimally invasive debridement methods.

The treatment paradigm of stage II to III triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is rapidly evolving, with the recent incorporation of pembrolizumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy improving disease outcomes. Nevertheless, almost one in five patients with early-stage TNBC will relapse in 5 years, underscoring an urgent need to identify and improve outcomes for those at high risk of recurrence. Novel therapeutic strategies including antibody-drug conjugates, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies, dual immune checkpoint blockade, and locoregional therapies to augment the antitumor immune response are being investigated in clinical trials. Biomarker strategies including tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, immune signatures, and circulating tumor DNA are being explored to identify patients at a high risk of relapse and to predict treatment response. In this article, we review recent advances in the management of stage II to III TNBC, highlight emerging investigational therapies and combinations, and explore novel biomarker strategies aimed at personalizing the care for patients with stage II to III TNBC.

The phase III AUGMENT trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01938001 ) demonstrated improved efficacy for lenalidomide plus rituximab (R 2 ) versus rituximab with placebo (R-placebo) in patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (iNHL). Here, we present the long-term follow-up results and prespecified subgroup analyses of patients with follicular lymphoma (FL), including those 70 years and older. Patients with R/R grade 1 to 3a iNHL were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive R 2 or R-placebo. In this long-term follow-up report, progression-free survival (PFS) was assessed per the investigator. Secondary end points included overall survival (OS) and safety. Of the 358 randomly assigned patients (intent-to-treat [ITT] population), 295 had FL (≥70 years, n = 66). At long-term follow-up (median, 65.9 months), in the ITT iNHL population, PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.50 [95% CI, 0.38 to 0.66]) and OS (HR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.37 to 0.95]) were improved with R 2 versus R-placebo. Safety findings were consistent with the primary analysis. Improved long-term efficacy with R 2 versus R-placebo and manageable safety with R 2 were observed in patients with FL, including those 70 years and older. With a follow-up of >5 years, data from the AUGMENT trial continue to support the use of R 2 as a standard of care for patients with R/R iNHL.