Citations

Background and purpose The HydroSoft coil was developed as a finishing coil, ideally to be placed along the aneurysm neck to enhance intracranial aneurysm healing. The GEL THE NEC (Gaining Efficacy Long Term: Hydrosoft, an Emerging, New, Embolic Coil) multicenter registry was developed to assess the safety and efficacy of HydroSoft coils in treating intracranial aneurysms. We report angiographic and clinical results of this prospective registry. Materials and methods GEL THE NEC was performed at 27 centers in five countries. Patients aged 21–90 years with a ruptured or unruptured aneurysm 3–15 mm in size were eligible for enrollment. The following variables were obtained: demographics/comorbidities, aneurysm geometry, adjunctive devices used, proportion of patients in whom HydroSoft coils were successfully placed, and long-term angiographic outcomes (graded by an independent core laboratory using the Modified Raymond Scale), and procedure-related adverse events. Predictors of good angiographic outcome were studied using χ2 and t-tests. Results A total of 599 patients with 599 aneurysms were included in this study. HydroSoft coils were successfully deployed in 577 (96.4%) patients. Procedure-related major morbidity and mortality were 0.5% (3/599) and 1.3% (8/599), respectively. The most common perioperative complications were iatrogenic vasospasm (30/599, 5.0%), thromboemboli (27/599, 4.5%), and aneurysm perforation (16/599, 2.7%). At last angiographic follow-up (mean 9.0±6.3 months), the complete occlusion rate was 63.2% (280/442) and near complete occlusion rate was 25.2% (107/442). The core laboratory read recanalization rate was 10.8% (46/425) and the retreatment rate was 3.4% (20/599). Conclusions Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms with HydroSoft coils resulted in complete/near complete occlusion rates of 88% and a major complication rate of 1.8%. Trial registration number NCT01000675.

Background and purpose Many studies demonstrate that both kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty are superior to conservative therapy in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing the outcomes of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, which included prospective non-randomized, retrospective comparative, and randomized studies. Materials and methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Web of Science databases for studies of kyphoplasty versus vertebroplasty from 1 January 1990 to 30 November 2014 and compared the following outcomes: procedure characteristics, pain and disability improvement, complications and anatomic outcomes. A subgroup analysis was performed comparing pain outcomes based on the risk of bias. Results 29 studies enrolling 2838 patients (1384 kyphoplasty and 1454 vertebroplasty) were included. 16 prospective non-randomized studies, 10 retrospective comparative studies, and 3 randomized controlled studies were included. No significant differences were found in mean pain scores between the two groups postoperatively (2.9±1.5 kyphoplasty vs 2.9±1.7 vertebroplasty, p=0.39) and at 12 months (2.7±1.8 kyphoplasty vs 3.2±1.8 vertebroplasty, p=0.64). No significant differences were found in disability postoperatively (34.7±7.1 kyphoplasty group vs 36.3±7.8 vertebroplasty group, p=0.74) or at 12 months (28.3±16 kyphoplasty group vs 29.6±13.9 vertebroplasty group, p=0.70). Kyphoplasty was associated with lower odds of new fractures (p=0.06), less extraosseous cement leakage (p<0.01), and greater reduction in kyphotic angle (p<0.01). Conclusions No significant difference was found between vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty in short- and long-term pain and disability outcomes. Further studies are needed to better determine if any particular subgroups of patients would benefit more from vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty in the treatment of vertebral body compression fractures.

Key Points Alternatively polarized macrophages are abundant constituents of the tumor microenvironment in T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. GATA-3 expression identifies a subset of PTCL, NOS with a distinct cytokine profile and inferior survival.

Objective Genome-wide association studies have identified a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with a wide array of cancer sites. Several of these variants demonstrate associations with multiple cancers, suggesting pleiotropic effects and shared biological mechanisms across some cancers. We hypothesised that SNPs previously associated with other cancers may additionally be associated with colorectal cancer. In a large-scale study, we examined 171 SNPs previously associated with 18 different cancers for their associations with colorectal cancer. Design We examined 13 338 colorectal cancer cases and 40 967 controls from three consortia: Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE), Genetic Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer (GECCO), and the Colon Cancer Family Registry (CCFR). Study-specific logistic regression results, adjusted for age, sex, principal components of genetic ancestry, and/or study specific factors (as relevant) were combined using fixed-effect meta-analyses to evaluate the association between each SNP and colorectal cancer risk. A Bonferroni-corrected p value of 2.92×10 −4 was used to determine statistical significance of the associations. Results Two correlated SNPs—rs10090154 and rs4242382—in Region 1 of chromosome 8q24, a prostate cancer susceptibility region, demonstrated statistically significant associations with colorectal cancer risk. The most significant association was observed with rs4242382 (meta-analysis OR=1.12; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.18; p=1.74×10 −5 ), which also demonstrated similar associations across racial/ethnic populations and anatomical sub-sites. Conclusions This is the first study to clearly demonstrate Region 1 of chromosome 8q24 as a susceptibility locus for colorectal cancer; thus, adding colorectal cancer to the list of cancer sites linked to this particular multicancer risk region at 8q24.

Abstract DNA copy number variations (CNVs) are a significant and ubiquitous source of human genetic variation. However, the influence of CNVs on cancer susceptibility remains poorly understood. Out of 83 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on cancer to date, only a few studies found significant associations on germline CNVs and cancer. Here we analyzed data from our ongoing two-stage GWAS of four North American case-control studies to test the hypothesis that CNVs in germline DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes may serve as risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). To reduce disease heterogeneity, we focused on the subset of cases with serous histology. The analysis was therefore based on 942 serous ovarian cancer patients and 1,682 healthy controls who were genotyped using the Illumina 610K quad array. Subjects with extreme noise and genomic waviness in log R ratio (LR) were excluded prior to segmentation; principal component analysis was performed to adjust for batch effects. CNV segmentation was performed on LR data from 22 autosomes using circular binary segmentation embedded in the Copy Number Analysis Module from Golden Helix SNP Variation Suite version 7. Copy number segment covariates were discretized based on the thresholds that signify a transition between copy number states (deletion/no deletion; duplication/no duplication) after the segmentation. Unconditional logistic regression on a log-additive model was used to evaluate the association between copy number states and serous EOC risk after adjusting for study sites. By comparing single marker copy number states at 388,958 SNPs on 22 autosomes, we observed a total of 134 SNPs significantly associated with risk of serous EOC with a p value below 10−6. Associations with deletion polymorphisms were observed on chromosomes 7, 8, 14, and 18 when controlling for false discovery rate at 1%; no duplication polymorphisms were significant. We observed a large deletion at chromosome 14 that occurred in 8.9% of cases but in only 3.9% of controls, with a p value of 5.59×10−8 (Odds Ratio (OR): 2.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.82-3.60). Another common deletion on chromosome 7 occurred in 8.8% of cases and only 4.3% of controls (p=3.83×10−6; OR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.60-3.10). Two additional regions on chromosomes 8 and 18 with deletion events less than 5% were also identified. Women who harbored the deletion on chromosome 8 were at lower risk of developing serous ovarian cancer (p=4.83×10−8; OR: 0.04, 95% CI: 0.01-0.30). Women who carried the deletion on chromosome 18 had an increased risk for serous EOC (p=9.04×10−7; OR: 7.26, 95% CI: 2.94-17.97). Further validation of these four regions using independent data sets is currently underway. In summary, this is the largest reported genome-wide study of CNVs and serous EOC risk. These preliminary results suggested that germline CNVs may play an important role in ovarian cancer susceptibility. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1649. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1649