Citations

Abstract Introduction We sought to determine whether a systems biology approach may identify novel late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) loci. Methods We performed gene‐wide association analyses and integrated results with human protein‐protein interaction data using network analyses. We performed functional validation on novel genes using a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans Aβ proteotoxicity model and evaluated novel genes using brain expression data from people with LOAD and other neurodegenerative conditions. Results We identified 13 novel candidate LOAD genes outside chromosome 19. Of those, RNA interference knockdowns of the C. elegans orthologs of UBC, NDUFS3, EGR1 , and ATP5H were associated with Aβ toxicity, and NDUFS3, SLC25A11, ATP5H , and APP were differentially expressed in the temporal cortex. Discussion Network analyses identified novel LOAD candidate genes. We demonstrated a functional role for four of these in a C. elegans model and found enrichment of differentially expressed genes in the temporal cortex.

Abstract Introduction Genetic loci for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been identified in whites of European ancestry, but the genetic architecture of AD among other populations is less understood. Methods We conducted a transethnic genome‐wide association study (GWAS) for late‐onset AD in Stage 1 sample including whites of European Ancestry, African‐Americans, Japanese, and Israeli‐Arabs assembled by the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium. Suggestive results from Stage 1 from novel loci were followed up using summarized results in the International Genomics Alzheimer's Project GWAS dataset. Results Genome‐wide significant (GWS) associations in single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)–based tests ( P < 5 × 10 −8 ) were identified for SNPs in PFDN1/HBEGF , USP6NL/ECHDC3 , and BZRAP1‐AS1 and for the interaction of the (apolipoprotein E) APOE ε4 allele with NFIC SNP. We also obtained GWS evidence ( P < 2.7 × 10 −6 ) for gene‐based association in the total sample with a novel locus, TPBG ( P = 1.8 × 10 −6 ). Discussion Our findings highlight the value of transethnic studies for identifying novel AD susceptibility loci.

We conducted a comprehensive screening of rare coding variants in an African American cohort to identify novel pathogenic mutations within the early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) genes ( APP, PSEN1 , and PSEN2) in this understudied population. Whole-exome sequencing of 238 African American subjects identified 6 rare missense variants within the EOAD genes, which were observed in AD cases but never among controls. These variants were analyzed in an independent cohort of 300 African American subjects in which PSEN2 :NM_000447:exon5:c.T331C:p.Phe111Leu and PSEN1-minilin rs777923890 variants were again not observed, indicating that these novel rare variants, may contribute to AD risk in this population.

AbstractIntroductionWe hypothesized that common Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐associated variants within the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid (TREM) gene cluster influence disease through gene expression.MethodsExpression microarrays on temporal cortex and cerebellum from ∼400 neuropathologically diagnosed subjects and two independent RNAseq replication cohorts were used for expression quantitative trait locus analysis.ResultsA variant within a DNase hypersensitive site 5′ of TREM2, rs9357347‐C, associates with reduced AD risk and increased TREML1 and TREM2 levels (uncorrected P = 6.3 × 10−3 and 4.6 × 10−2, respectively). Meta‐analysis on expression quantitative trait locus results from three independent data sets (n = 1006) confirmed these associations (uncorrected P = 3.4 × 10−2 and 3.5 × 10−3, Bonferroni‐corrected P = 6.7 × 10−2 and 7.1 × 10−3, respectively).DiscussionOur findings point to rs9357347 as a functional regulatory variant that contributes to a protective effect observed at the TREM locus in the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project genome‐wide association study meta‐analysis and suggest concomitant increase in TREML1 and TREM2 brain levels as a potential mechanism for protection from AD.

AbstractIntroductionAfrican Americans' (AAs) late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) genetic risk profile is incompletely understood. Including clinical covariates in genetic analyses using informed conditioning might improve study power.MethodsWe conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) in AAs employing informed conditioning in 1825 LOAD cases and 3784 cognitively normal controls. We derived a posterior liability conditioned on age, sex, diabetes status, current smoking status, educational attainment, and affection status, with parameters informed by external prevalence information. We assessed association between the posterior liability and a genome‐wide set of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), controlling for APOE and ABCA7, identified previously in a LOAD GWAS of AAs.ResultsTwo SNPs at novel loci, rs112404845 (P = 3.8 × 10−8), upstream of COBL, and rs16961023 (P = 4.6 × 10−8), downstream of SLC10A2, obtained genome‐wide significant evidence of association with the posterior liability.DiscussionAn informed conditioning approach can detect LOAD genetic associations in AAs not identified by traditional GWAS.