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Bast, Robert C.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4621-8462

Mayo Clinic

The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

Citations 11

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition) 1
Klionsky, Daniel J., Abdel‐Aziz, Amal Kamal , Abdellatif, Mahmoud , Abdoli, Asghar , Abel, Steffen , Abeliovich, Hagai , Abildgaard, Marie H. , Abudu, Yakubu Princely , Acevedo‐Arozena, Abraham , Adamopoulos, Iannis E. , Adeli, Khosrow , Adolph, Timon E. , Adornetto, Annagrazia , Aflaki, Elma, Agam, Galila , Aggarwal, Bharat B. , Agnello, Maria, Agostinis, Patrizia , Agrewala, Javed N. , Agrotis, Alexander , Aguilar, Patricia V., Ahmad, S. Tariq, Ahumada-Castro, Ulises , Aits, Sonja , Aizawa, Shu, Akkoç, Yunus , Akoumianaki, Tonia, Akpinar, Hafize Aysin , Al‐Abd, Ahmed M. , Al-Akra, Lina, Gharaibeh, Abeer , Alaoui‐Jamali, Moulay A. , Alberti, Simon , Alessandri, Cristiano , Alonso, Alicia , Altan‐Bonnet, Nihal , Álvarez, Élida, Alves, Sara , Costa, Cristine Alvès da , Alzaharna, Mazen M. , Amadio, Marialaura , Amantini, Consuelo , Amaral, Cristina , Ambrosio, Susanna , Amer, Amal O. , Ammanathan, Veena , An, Zhenyi, Andrabi, Shaida A. , Andres, Allen M. , Ann, David K. , Anozie, Uche C. , Ansari, Mohammad Y. , Antas, Pedro , Antebi, Adam , Antón, Zuriñe , Anwar, Tahira , Apétoh, Lionel , Araki, Toshiyuki , Araki, Yasuhiro , Araya, Jun , Arévalo, María‐Ángeles , Argüelles, Sandro , Arias, Esperanza , Arikkath, Jyothi , Ariosa, Aileen, Aroca, Ángeles , Arroyo, Daniela S., Arsov, Ivica, Artero, Rubén , Asaro, Dalia Maria Lucia, Ashur‐Fabian, Osnat , Atanasov, Atanas G. , Au, Alicia K. , Auberger, Patrick , Auner, Holger W. , Aurelian, Laure , Avagliano, Laura , Ávalos, Yenniffer , Aveleira, Célia A. , Aydın, Yücel , Ayyadevara, Srinivas , Azzopardi, Maria , Baba, Misuzu, Backer, Jonathan , Bae, Soo Han , Baehrecke, Eric H. , Bagetta, Giacinto , Bagniewska‐Zadworna, Agnieszka , Bai, Hua , Bai, Xiyuan , Bairagi, Nandadulal , Baksi, Shounak , Balbi, Teresa , Ballester, María , Balazadeh, Salma , Balzan, Rena , Bandopadhyay, Rina , Banerjee, Sulagna , Bánréti, Ágnes , Baracca, Alessandra , Barbati, Cristiana , Bargiela, Ariadna , Barilà, Daniela , Barlow, Peter G. , Barmada, Sami J. , Barreiro, Esther , Bártek, Jiří , Bartel, Bonnie , Bartolomé, Alberto , Barve, Gaurav , Bassham, Diane C. , Baulieu, E.E. , Baumgarner, Bradley L. , Bayry, Jagadeesh , Beale, Rupert , Beau, Isabelle , Beaumatin, Florian , Bechara, Luiz Roberto Grassmann , Beck, George R. , Beers, Michael F. , Begun, Jakob , Behrends, Christian , Bejarano, Eloy , Bel, Shai , Belaïd, Amine , Belgareh‐Touzé, Naïma, Bellarosa, Cristina , Belleudi, Francesca , Belló-Pérez, Melissa , Beltran, Jackeline Soares de Oliveira , Beltran, Sebastián, Benbrook, Doris M. , Bendorius, Mykolas , Benítez, Bruno A. , Benito‐Cuesta, Irene , Bensalem, Julien , Berchtold, Martin W. , Berezowska, Sabina , Bergamaschi, Daniele , Berliocchi, Laura , Berlioz‐Torrent, Clarisse , Bernard, Amélie , Besirli, Cagri G. , Besteiro, Sébastien , Betin, Virginie M.S., Beyaert, Rudi , Bezbradica, Jelena S. , Bhaskar, Kiran , Bhatia‐Kiššová, Ingrid, Bhattacharya, Sujoy , Bhuiyan, Md. Shenuarin , Bi, Xiaolin , Biden, Trevor J. , Bijian, Krikor , Billes, Viktor , Binart, Nadine , Bincoletto, Cláudia , Blanco, Gonzalo , Blas‐García, Ana , Błasiak, Janusz , Blomgran, Robert , Blum, Janice S. , Boada-Romero, Emilio, Boban, Mirta , Boeuf, Philippe , Boland, Barry , Bomont, Pascale , Bonaldo, Paolo , Bonam, Srinivasa Reddy , Bonfili, Laura , Bootman, Martin D. , Bordi, Matteo , Borner, Christoph , Bornhäuser, Beat , Bose, Santanu , Botas, Juan , Boulanger, Chantal M. , Bourgeois, Benjamin , Bourke, Nollaig M. , Bousquet, Guilhem , Boya, Patricia , Bozhkov, Peter V. , Bozi, Luiz H. M. , Bozkurt, Tolga O. , Pedro, José Manuel Bravo‐San , Brest, Patrick , Bringer, Marie-Agnès , Briones‐Herrera, Alfredo , Broaddus, V. Courtney, Brodersen, Peter , Brodsky, Jeffrey L. , Bronson, Paola G. , Bronstein, Jeff M. , Brown, Rhoderick E. , Brum, Patrı́cia C. , Bruno, Daniele , Bryson‐Richardson, Robert J. , Bucci, Cecilia , Buchrieser, Carmen , Bueno, Marta , Buchan, J. Ross , Buckingham, Erin M., Budak, Hikmet , Budini, Mauricio , Bultynck, Geert , Burada, Florin , Burgoyne, Joseph R. , Burón, María I. , Bustos, Victor , Büttner, Sabrina , Byrd, Aaron , Cabas, Isabel , Cabrera, Sandra , Cadwell, Ken , Cai, Jingjing , Cai, Lu , Cai, Qian , Calbet, José A. L. , Caldwell, Guy A. , Call, Jarrod A. , Calvani, Riccardo , Calvo, Ana Cristina , Calvo‐Rubio, Miguel , Câmara, Niels Olsen Saraiva , Camonis, Jacques , Camougrand, Nadine , Campanella, Michelangelo , Campbell, Edward M. , Campos, Juliane C. , Camuzard, Olivier , Cancino, Jorge , Caniggia, Isabella , Canonico, Barbara , Cantı́, Carles , Cao, Bin , Caramés, B. , Cardenal‐Muñoz, Elena , Cárdenas, César , Cárdenas, Luis , Cardoso, Sandra M. , Carew, Jennifer S. , Carle, Georges F. , Carleton, Gillian , Carloni, Silvia , Carneiro, Letícia A. M. , Carosi, Julian M. , Carra, Serena , Carrier, Alice , Carter, A. Brent, Carvalho, Andreia Neves , Casanova, Magali , Casas, Josefina , Cassioli, Chiara , Castillo, Karen , Castillo‐Lluva, Sonia , Castoldi, Francesca , Castori, Marco , Castro, Ariel F. , Castro‐Hernández, Javier , Cavadas, Cláudia , Cavaliere, Federica, Cavallini, Gabriella , Cavinato, Maria , Rica, Paula Cebollada , Cechowska‐Pasko, Marzanna , Cerqueira, João , Cerutti, Janete M. , Çetintaş, Vildan Bozok , Cetrullo, Silvia , Chagin, Andrei S. , Chai, Chee‐Yin , Chakrabarti, Gopal , Chakraborty, Tapas , Chakraborty, Trinad , Chami, Mounia , Chamilos, Georgios , Chan, David W. , Chan, Edmond Y. W., Chan, Ho Yin Edwin , Chan, Helen H., Chan, Hung , Chan, Matthew T.V. , Chan, Yau Sang , Chang, Hao‐Chun , Chang, Kai , Chao, Jie , Charlet‐Berguerand, Nicolas , Chatterjee, Samrat , Chaube, Shail K. , Chaudhary, Anu , Chauhan, Santosh , Chaum, Edward , Checler, Frédéric , Cheetham, Michael E. , Chen, Chang‐Shi , Chen, Jian‐Fu , Chen, Liam L., Chen, Mingliang , Chen, Mu‐Kuan , Chen, Ning , Chen, Wei , Chen, Xinming , Chen, Xiongwen , Chen, Yan , Chen, Ye‐Guang , Chen, Yingyu , Chen, Yongqiang , Chen, Zhefan Stephen , Chen, Zhihua , Cheng, Xiu‐Tang , Cheng, Yiyun , Cheng, Zhiyong , Cheong, Jit Kong , Cherry, Sara , Cheung, Chi F., Cheung, Chun Hei Antonio , Cheung, King‐Ho , Chevet, Éric , Chi, Richard J., Chiaradonna, Ferdinando , Chiariello, M , Chica, Nathalia , Chiocca, Susanna , Chiong, Mario , Chiou, Shih‐Hwa , Chiramel, Abhilash I., Chiurchiù, Valerio , Cho, Dong-Hyung, Choe, Seong‐Kyu , Choi, Augustine M.K. , Choi, Mary E. , Choudhury, Kamalika Roy , Chow, Norman , Chua, Jason P. , Chua, John Jia En , Chung, Hyewon , Chung, Kin Pan , Chung, So‐Hyang , Chung, Yuen-Li, Ciechomska, Iwona A. , Cinque, Laura , Çırak, Sebahattin , Clarke, Robert , Clementi, Emilio , Coccia, Eliana M. , Codogno, Patrice , Colasanti, Tania , Colasuonno, Fiorella , Colbert, Robert A. , Colell, Anna , Coll, Núria S. , Collins, Mark O. , Colombo, Marı́a I. , Colón‐Ramos, Daniel A. , Cominetti, Márcia R. , Consiglio, Antonella , Conte, A. , Contu, Viorica Raluca , Cookson, Mark , Coombs, Kevin M. , Costa, Maria do Carmo , Costantino, Sarah , Costelli, Paola , Criollo, Alfredo , Crippa, V. , Cristofani, Riccardo , Csizmadia, Tamás , Cui, Bing , Cui, Yixian , Culetto, Emmanuel , Cumino, Andrea C. , Cybulsky, Andrey V. , Czaja, Mark J. , Czuczwar, Stanisław J. , D’Adamo, Stefania , D’Amelio, Marcello , D’Orazi, Gabriella , Silva, James Almada da , Dafsari, Hormos Salimi , Daglia, Maria , Dai, Xiaoxia , Dai, Yun , Dai, Yuyuan , Col, Jessica Dal , Dalhaimer, Paul , Valle, Luisa Dalla , Dallenga, Tobias , Dalmasso, Guillaume , Dando, Ilaria , Das, Hiranmoy , Dasari, Santosh K. , Dash, Srikanta, Dauphinee, Adrian N. , Davies, Jeffrey S. , Dávila, Valeria A. , Davis, Roger J. , Naidu, Sharadha Dayalan , Bosscher, Karolien De , Leonibus, Chiara De , Barbosa, Mayara Garcia de Mattos , Meyer, Guido R.Y. De , Palma, Clara De , Virgilio, Claudio De , Zio, Daniela De , Decuypere, Jean-Paul , Deehan, Mark , Deflorian, Gianluca , Dehay, Benjamin , Delaney, Joe R. , Delorme‐Axford, Elizabeth , Demers, Nicholas D. , Deng, Hongbin , Dengjel, Jörn , Dent, Paul, DePamphilis, Melvin L., Descoteaux, Albert , Devis, Laura , Devkota, Sushil , Devuyst, Olivier , Dewson, Grant , Dharmasivam, Mahendiran , Domenico, Fabio Di , Fazio, Pietro Di , Fonzo, Alessio Di , Guardo, Giovanni Di , Guglielmo, Gianni M. Di , Leo, Luca Di , Malta, Chiara Di , Nardo, Alessia Di, Rienzo, Martina Di , Diao, Jiajie , Diaz-Araya, Guillermo, Díaz‐Laviada, Inés , Dickinson, Jared M. , Diederich, Marc , Dieudé, Mélanie , Ding, Shiping , Ding, Wen-Xing, Dinić, Jelena , Dinić, Miroslav , Dinkova‐Kostova, Albena T. , Distler, Jörg H. W. , Đokić, Jelena , Emre, Serap , Dong, Xiaonan , Dong, Zhiwu , Dorn, Gerald W. , Dou, Juan, Dowaidar, Moataz , Drucker, Liat , Du, Ailian , Du, Guangwei , Du, Hai‐Ning , Toit, André du , Duan, Shao-Bin , Duan, Xiaoqiong , Duarte, Sónia , Dupont, Nicolas , Durán, Raúl V. , Dyshlovoy, Sergey A. , Ebrahimi‐Fakhari, Darius , Eckhart, Leopold , Edelstein, Charles L. , Efferth, Thomas , Eid, Nabil , Eisenberg, Tobias , Eissa, N. Tony, Ejarque, Miriam , Andaloussi, Abdeljabar El, El‐Hage, Nazira , Eleuteri, Anna Maria , El‐Shafey, Eman S. , Elgendy, Mohamed , Elizalde, María Mercedes , Elsässer, Hans‐Peter , Elsherbiny, Eslam S. , Emre, N. C. Tolga , Eng, Christina H. , Engedal, Nikolai , Engelsen, Agnete S. T. , Enserink, Jorrit M. , Escalante, Ricardo , Esclatine, Audrey , Eskelinen, Eeva‐Liisa , Espert, Lucile , Eusebio, Makandjou-Ola , Facchiano, Antonio , Facchiano, Francesco , Fadeel, Bengt , Fader, Claudio M., Faesen, Alex C. , Fairlie, W. Douglas , Falcó, Alberto , Fan, Daping , Fan, Jie , Fang, Evandro Fei , Fang, Yanshan , Fang, Yognqi, Farfel‐Becker, Tamar, Faure, Mathias , Fazeli, Gholamreza , Fedele, Anthony O., Feldman, Arthur M. , Feng, Jiachun , Feng, Lifeng , Feng, Wei , Araujo, Thaís Fenz , Ferguson, Thomas A., Fernández, Álvaro F. , Fernández‐Veledo, Sonia , Fernie, Alisdair R. , Ferrante, Anthony W. , Ferraresi, Alessandra , Ferrari, M , Ferreira, Julio Cesar Batista , Ferro‐Novick, Susan , Figueras, António , Filadi, Riccardo , Filigheddu, Nicoletta , Fimia, Gian María , Finetti, Francesca , Finkbeiner, Steven , Fisher, Edward A. , Fisher, Paul B. , Fliesler, Steven J. , Flo, Trude Helen , Florance, Ida , Florey, Oliver , Florio, Tullio , Fodor, Erika , Forlino, Antonella , Fortini, Paola , Fracassi, Anna , Franconi, Flavia , Frankel, Lisa B. , Fröhlich, Leopold F. , Fuentes, José M. , Fujiki, Yukio , Fulda, Simone , Furuya, Norihiko , Gack, Michaela U. , Gaffke, Lidia , Galadari, Sehamuddin , Galasso, Alessia , Galindo, Marı́a F. , Kankanamalage, Sachith Gallolu , Galluzzi, Lorenzo, Galy, Vincent , Gammoh, Noor , Ganley, Ian G. , Gao, Feng , Gao, Minghui , Gao, Ping , Gao, Wentao , Gao, Xiaobo , Garcerá, Ana , Garcia, María Noé , García, Verónica , Portillo, Francisco Garcı́a-del , García‐Escudero, Vega , García‐García, Aracely , García‐Macía, Marina , García‐Moreno, Diana , García‐Ruiz, Carmen , García‐Sanz, Patricia , Garg, Abhishek D. , Garofalo, Tina , Gassen, Nils C. , Gatica, Damián , Geiss‐Friedlander, Ruth , Genschik, Pascal , Gerbino, Valeria , Gerhardt, Christoph , Germain, Kyla , Germain, Marc , Afshar, Elham Ghasemipour, Ghavami, Saeid , Ghosh, Manosij , Giamas, Georgios , Giatromanolaki, Alexandra , Gibson, Gary E. , Ginet, Vanessa, Girardin, Stephen E. , Giridharan, Mridhula, Giuliano, Sandy , Giulivi, Cecilia , Giuriato, Sylvie , Giustiniani, Julien , Gluschko, Alexander , Goder, Veit , Goginashvili, Alexander , Gołąb, Jakub , Golebiewska, Anna , Gomes, Luciana Rodrigues, Gomez, Rodrigo Enrique, Gómez‐Sánchez, Rubén , Gómez‐Sintes, Raquel , Gong, Qingqiu , González‐Gallego, Javier , González‐Polo, Rosa A. , González‐Reyes, José A. , González-Rodríguez, Patricia , Goping, Ing Swie , Gorbunov, Nikolai V., Görgülü, Kıvanç , Gorojod, Roxana Mayra , Gorski, Sharon M. , Gotor, Cecilia , Gözüaçık, Devrim , Graef, Martin , Gräler, Markus H. , Granatiero, Veronica, Grasso, Daniel , Gray, Joshua P. , Greenhough, Alexander , Gregory, Stephen L. , Griffin, Edward F., Gros, Frédéric , Grose, Charles , Gross, Angelina S. , Грубер, Флориан , Grumati, Paolo , Gu, Xueyan , Guan, Jun‐Lin , Guardia, Carlos M. , Guda, Kishore , Guerra, Flora , Guerri, Consuelo , Guha, Prasun , Guillén, Carlos , Gujar, Shashi , Gukovskaya, Anna S. , Gukovsky, Ilya , Gunst, Jan , Günther, Andreas , Guo, Chuanyong , Guo, Chun , Guo, Hongqing , Guo, Ming , Gupta, Pawan , Gupta, Swapnil , Gupta, Veer Bala , Gupta, Vivek , Gutterman, David D. , H.B., Ranjitha, Haber, James E. , Hać, Aleksandra , Haidar, Mansour , Halldén, Gunnel , Hamacher‐Brady, Anne , Hamasaki, Maho , Hansen, Malene , Hao, Zijian, Harada, Masaru , Harhaji‐Trajkovic, Ljubica , Hariharan, Nirmala , Haspel, Jeffrey A. , Haucke, Volker , Hawkins, Wayne D. , Haynes, Cole M. , Hays, Thomas S. , He, Congcong , He, Qin , He, Rong‐Rong , He, You‐Wen , Heakal, Yasser, Heberle, Alexander Martin , Hejtmancik, J. Fielding , Henkel, Vanessa, Herb, Marc , Herman-Antosiewicz, Anna , Hernández, Agustín , Hernández, Carlos , Hernández-Díaz, Sergio , Hernández–Gea, Virginia , Herpin, Amaury , Herreros, Judit , Hervás, Javier H. , Hesselson, Daniel , Hetz, Claudio , Higuchi, Yujiro , Hilfiker, Sabine , Hill, Joseph A., Ho, Emmanuel A. , Ho, Idy H. T. , Ho, Philip Wing‐Lok , Ho, Shu‐Leong , Ho, Wan Yun, Hoet, Peter , Hofius, Daniel , Höhn, Annika , Hong, Yi-Ren Hong Chang-Won, Hooper, Lora V. , Hsin, I‐Lun , Hu, Bing , Hu, Dong , Hu, Wei , Hu, Zhuowei , Hua, Jinlian, Huan, Chongmin , Huang, Chuanshu , Huang, Chunling , Huang, Haishan , Huang, Michael , Huang, Shan , Huang, Tianzhi , Huang, Xing , Huang, Yuxiang , Hubert, Virginie , Hübner, Christian A. , Hughes, Stephanie M. , Hughes, William E. , Hummer, Gerhard , Hurley, James H. , Hussain, Sabah N. A. , Hussain, Salik , Hutabarat, Martina , Hwang, Hui-Yun, Ieni, Antonio , Ikeda, Fumiyo , Imagawa, Yusuke , Imbriano, Carol , Imoto, Masaya , Inman, Denise M. , Inoki, Ken , Iozzo, Renato V. , Iribarren, Pablo , Ishaq, Mohd , Ishimwe, Nestor , Ismail, Nahed , Issazadeh‐Navikas, Shohreh , Itakura, Eisuke , Ito, Daisuke , Ivankovic, Davor , Ivanova, Saška , Iyer, Anand Krishnan V. , Izquierdo, José M. , Jacobo‐Herrera, Nadia , Jacquin, Élise , Jadiya, Pooja , Jaeschke, Hartmut , Jagannath, Chinnaswamy, Jakobsson, Johan , Janji, Bassam , Jansen‐Dürr, Pidder , Jansson, Patric J. , Januszewski, Sławomir, Jeltsch‐David, Hélène , Jenny, Andreas , Jensen, Thomas E. , Jessen, Niels , Jia, Lijun , Jia, Rui , Jiang, Qing , Jiang, Richeng , Jiang, Teng , Jiang, Xuejun , Jiang, Yu , Jiménez-Sánchez, María , Jin, Fengyan , Jin, Li , Jin, Luqi, Jin, Si , Joffre, Carine , Johnston, Simon A. , Jokitalo, Eija , Juárez, Esmeralda , Juhász, Gábor , Jun, Youngsoo , Jung, Chang Hwa , Jung, Sung‐Chul , Jungbluth, Heinz , Jungverdorben, Johannes , Just, Steffen , Kaasik, Allen , Kaganovich, Daniel , Kain, Renate , Kajimura, Shingo , Kalamvoki, Maria , Kalia, Manjula , Kalinowski, Danuta S. , Kaludercic, Nina , Kalvari, Ioanna , Kamińska, Joanna , Kanamori, Hiromitsu , Kang, Chanhee , Kang, Rui , Kang, Sang Sun , Kaniyappan, Senthilvelrajan , Kanki, Tomotake , Kanneganti, Thirumala‐Devi , Kanthasamy, Arthi , Kantorow, Marc , Kapuy, Orsolya , Karim, Md. Razaul , Kato, Masaru , Kauppinen, Anu , Kaushal, Gur P. , Kawasaki, Kiyoshi, Kazan, Kemal , Keber, Ursula , Keller, Kate E. , Kenific, Candia M. , Kepp, Oliver , Kern, Andreas , Keulers, Tom G. , Khalfin, Boris , Khalil, Hany , Khan, Shahid Y. , Khandelwal, Vinoth Kumar Megraj, Khandia, Rekha , Kho, Widuri , Khobrekar, Noopur V. , Khuansuwan, Sataree , Khundadze, Mukhran , Killackey, Samuel A. , Kim, Dasol , Kim, Deok Ryong, Kim, Do‐Hyung , Kim, Dong‐Eun , Kim, Eun‐Kyoung , Kim, Hak-Rim, Kim, Hee-Sik , Kim, Hyung-Ryong, Kim, Jeong Hun , Kim, Joungmok , Kim, Seong‐Jun , Kimball, Scot R., Kimchi, Adi , Kimmelman, Alec , Kimura, Tomonori , King, Matthew, Kinsey, Conan G. , Kirshenbaum, Lorrie A. , Kishi, Shuji , Kitamoto, Katsuhiko , Kitaoka, Yasushi , Kitazato, Kaio, Kitsis, Richard N. , Kjærulff, Ole , Klein, Peter S. , Klopstock, Thomas , Klucken, Jochen , Knævelsrud, Helene , Ko, Fred , Kobayashi, Satoru, Koch, Ina , Koch, Jan Christoph , Kögel, Donat , Koh, Young Ho , Kocatürk, Nur Mehpare , Komatsu, Masaaki, König, Jeannette , Kono, Toru, Korkmaz, Gözde , Korsnes, Mónica Suárez , Koskela, Ali , Kota, Janaiah , Kotake, Yaichiro , Kotler, Monica L., Kou, Yanjun , Koukourakis, Michael I., Koustas, Evangelos , Kovács, Tibor , Kovács, Tibor, Kraft, Claudine , Krainc, Dimitri, Krämer, Helmut, Krasnodembskaya, Anna , Kretz‐Remy, Carole , Kroemer, Guido, Kuenen, Sabine , Kuerschner, Lars , Kukar, Thomas , Kumar, Ajay , Kumar, Deepak, Kumar, Dhiraj, Kumar, Sharad , Kume, Shinji , Kumsta, Caroline , Kundu, Chanakya Nath , Kundu, Mondira, Kunnumakkara, Ajaikumar B. , Kutlu, Özlem , Kwak, SeongAe , Kwon, Yong Tae , Spada, Albert La, Labonté, Patrick , Ladoire, Sylvain , Laface, Ilaria, Lafont, Frank , Lagace, Diane C. , Lahiri, Vikramjit , Lai, Zhibing, Laird, Angela S. , Lakkaraju, Aparna , Lan, Sheng‐Hui , Landajuela, Ane , Lane, Darius J.R. , Lange, Carsten , Langer, Rupert , Lapaquette, Pierre, Laporte, Jocelyn , Lastres-Becker, Isabel, Lau, Wilson Chun Yu , Laurie, Gordon W. , Le, Weidong, Stunff, Hervé Le , Leary, Alexandre Y , Lebrun, Jean-Jacques, Leck, Lionel , Lee, Changwook , Lee, Chung‐Pei , Lee, Da-Hye , Lee, Edward B., Lee, Erinna F. , Lee, Gyun Min, Lee, He-Jin, Lee, Heung Kyu , Lee, Jason S. , Lee, Jin-A, Lee, Joo‐Yong , Lee, Michael , Lee, Min Goo , Lee, Min Jae, Lee, Myung‐Shik , Lee, Sangyoon , Lee, Stella Y. , Lee, Sung, Lee, Won Hee , Lee, Yong‐ho , Lee, Youngil , Lei, Yu L., Lei, Yuchen , Leikin, Sergey , Lemus, Leticia , Leng, Shuilong, Lenoir, Olivia , Lenz, Guido , Lenz, Heinz Josef, Lenzi, Paola, León, Yolanda , Leschczyk, Christoph, Leskelä, Stina, Letellier, Elisabeth , Leung, Chi-Ting, Leung, Po Sing , Leventhal, Jeremy S. , Levine, Beth, Lewis, Patrick A. , Ley, Klaus , Li, Bin , Li, Da‐Qiang , Li, Jian‐Ming , Li, Jiong , Li, Liwu , Li, Mei , Li, Ming , Li, Mingchuan , Li, Pin‐Lan, Li, Ming‐Qing , Li, Qing , Li, Sheng , Li, Wei , Li, Wenming , Li, Xue , Li, Yi-Ping, Li, Yuan , Li, Zhiqiang, Li, Zhiyong , Li, Zhiyuan , Lian, Jiqin, Liang, Chengyu, Liang, Qiangrong, Liang, Weicheng , Liang, Yongheng, Liang, YongTian , Liao, Guanghong , Liao, Lujian , Liao, Yung-Feng, Librizzi, Mariangela, Lie, Pearl P.Y. , Lim, Hyunjung J., Lima, Thania Rios Rossi , Limana, Federica , Lin, Chao , Lin, Chih-Wen, Lin, Dar‐Shong , Lin, Fu‐Cheng , Lin, Jiandie D. , Lin, Kurt M., Lin, Kwang‐Huei , Lin, Qiong, Lin, Shaofeng , Lin, Su-Ju, Lin, Wenyu , Lin, Yao‐Xin , Lin, Yee‐Shin, Linden, Rafael, Lindner, Paula , Lipinski, Marta M. , Lipovšek, Saška, Lisiak, Natalia , Liton, Paloma B. , Liu, Chao , Liu, Ching‐Hsuan , Liu, Fang , Liu, Hua-feng , Liu, Huifang , Liu, Jia , Liu, Jing , Liu, Leyuan, Liu, Wei , Liu, Wende , Liu, Xiao-Hong, Liu, Xu , Liu, Yanfen , Liu, Yang, Liu, Yang, Liu, Yueyang , Liu, Yule , Livingston, J. Andrew, Lizcano, José M. , Ljubojević-Holzer, Senka , Lleonart, Matilde E. , Llobet‐Navàs, David , Llorente, Alicia, Lo, Chih Hung , Lobato‐Márquez, Damián , Long, Yun , Loos, Ben , Loos, Julia A. , López-Doménech, Guillermo, López‐Guerrero, José Antonio , López-Jiménez, Ana T. , López-Pérez, Óscar , López-Valero, Israel, Lorenowicz, Magdalena J. , Lorente, Mar , Lossi, Laura , Lotersztajn, Sophie , Lovell, Jonathan F., Lovy, Alenka , Lőw, Péter, Lu, Guang , Lu, Haocheng , Lu, Jiahong , Lu, Mengji, Lu, Shuyan, Luciani, Alessandro , Lucocq, John M., Ludovico, Paula , Luftig, Micah A. , Luhr, Morten, Luis-Ravelo, Diego , Lum, Julian J., Luna-Dulcey, Liany, Lund, Anders H. , Lund, Viktor K. , Lüningschrör, Patrick , Luo, Honglin, Luo, Rongcan , Luo, Zhi , Luparello, Claudio , Lüscher, Bernhard , Luu, Luan , Lyakhovich, Alex , Lyamzaev, Konstantin G. , Lystad, Alf Håkon , Lytvynchuk, Lyubomyr , Alvin, C. H. , Ma, Ning-Fang, Ma, Quanhong , Ma, Xinliang , Ma, Yueyun , Ma, Zhenyi , MacDougald, Ormond A. , MacIntosh, Gustavo C. , Macleod, Kay F. , Maday, Sandra , Madeo, Frank , Madesh, Muniswamy , Madl, Tobias , Madrigal‐Matute, Julio , Maeda, Akiko, Maejima, Yasuhiro , Magariños, Marta , Mahavadi, Poornima , Maiani, Emiliano , Maiese, Kenneth , Maiti, Panchanan , Maiuri, Maria Chiara , Major, Michael Ben, Makareeva, Elena , Malik, Fayaz , Mallilankaraman, Karthik , Maloyan, Alina , Mammadova, Najiba, Man, Gene Chi Wai , Manai, Federico , Mancias, Joseph D. , Mandelkow, Eva‐Maria , Manfredi, Angelo A. , Manshian, Bella B. , Manzano, Raquel , Marchese, Chiara , Marchetti, Sandrine , Marcucci, F, Mardente, Stefania , Mareninova, Olga A. , Mari, Muriel , Marinelli, Sara , Mariño, Guillermo , Mariotto, Sofia , Martin, Alexandre , Martin, Katie R. , Martin, Sara L. , Martín‐Segura, Adrián , Martin-Burriel, Inmaculada, Martín-Rincón, Marcos , Martín‐Sanz, Paloma , Martinez, Aitor , Martı́nez, Ana , Martinez-Lopez, Nuria, Martínez‐Vicente, Marta , Martins, Daniel Oliveira , Martins, Joilson O. , Martins, Waleska K. , Martins-Marques, Tania, Marzetti, Emanuele , Masaldan, Shashank , Masclaux-Daubresse, Celine, Mashek, Douglas G. , Massa, Valentina , Massieu, Lourdes , Masyuk, Anatoliy I. , Masyuk, Tetyana V., Matheu, Ander , Matoba, Satoaki , Matsuzaki, Sachiko , Mattar, Pamela , Mattè, Alessandro , Mauriz, José L., Mauthe, Mario , Maycotte, Paola , Mayer, Johanna , Mazzoni, Cristina , Mazzulli, Joseph R. , McCarty, Nami , McGill, Mitchell R. , McKenna, Sharon L. , McLoughlin, Fionn , McNiven, Mark A., McWilliams, Thomas G. , Medeiros, Tania , Medina, Diego L., Megeney, Lynn A. , Megyeri, Klára , Mehrpour, Maryam , Mehta, Jawahar L. , Meijer, Alfred J., Mejlvang, Jakob , Meléndez, Alicia , Melk, Annette, Memişoğlu, Gönen , Mendes, A.F. , Meng, Delong , Meng, Fei, Mercier, A., Mergny, Jean‐Louis , Merkley, Seth D. , Meske, Volker, Mestre, Ana Cecilia, Metur, Shree Padma, Meyer, C., Meyer, Hemmo , Mi, Wenyi , Mialet‐Perez, Jeanne , Miao, Jun‐Ying, Micale, Lucia , Miki, Yasuo, Milan, Enrico , Milczarek, Małgorzata , Miller, Samuel I. , Millward, Steven W. , Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Hamid Reza , Mirzaei, Mehdi , Mishra, Amit , Mishra, Nandita , Mishra, Paras Kumar, Misirkić, Maja , Misasi, Roberta, Misra, Amit , Misso, Gabriella , Mitchell, Claire H. , Mitou, Géraldine, Miura, Tetsuji , Miyazaki, Makoto, Miyazaki, Mitsunori , Miyazaki, Taiga , Miyazawa, Keisuke, Mizushima, Noboru , Mogensen, Trine H. , Mohammadinejad, Reza , Mohamud, Yasir , Mohanty, Abhishek , Möhlmann, Torsten , Moley, Kelle H. , Möller, Andreas, Mollereau, Bertrand , Mollinedo, Faustino, Montagna, Costanza , Monteiro, Mervyn J. , Montella, Andrea , Montes, L. 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David , Sze, Stephen Cho Wing , Szewczyk, Nathaniel J. , Tabęcka-Łonczynska, Anna, Tabolacci, Claudio , Taegtmeyer, Heinrich, Tagaya, Mitsuo , Tai, Haoran , Tait, Stephen W. G., Takahashi, Yoshinori , Tam, Chit , Tam, Shing Yau , Tampellini, Davide , Tamura, Atsushi , Tan, Eng-King, Tan, Ya‐Qin , Tanaka, Masaki , Tang, Daolin , Tang, Jingfeng , Tang, Tie-Shan , Tao, Zhipeng , Taouis, Mohammed , Tavernarakis, Nektarios, Taylor, Allen, Teixeira, Natércia , Tekirdağ, Kumsal Ayşe, Tencomnao, Tewin , Tenreiro, Sandra , Tharaux, Pierre‐Louis , Thedieck, Kathrin , Thekkinghat, Arvind A. , Thinwa, Josephine , Thirumalaikumar, Venkatesh P. , Thomes, Paul G. , Thorburn, Andrew , Thum, Thomas, Thumm, Michael , Tian, Ling, Tichý, Aleš , Timmerman, Vincent , Titorenko, Vladimir I. , Toivonen, Janne M. , Tomaipitinca, Luana , Tomar, Dhanendra , Tomás‐Zapico, Cristina , Tomić, Sergej , Tong, Chao, Tong, Xin , Torgersen, Maria L., Torii, Satoru , Torres-López, Liliana , Torriglia, Alicia , Towers, Christina G. , Towns, Roberto, Tran, Quynh‐Giao , Travassos, Leonardo H. , Tremel, Shirley , Trougakos, Ioannis P., Tsao, Betty P. , Tse, Tak Fu, Tsvetkov, Andrey S. , Tumbarello, David A. , Tyler, Jessica K., Tyutereva, Elena V. , Uchiyama, Yasuo , Ugun‐Klusek, Aslihan , Uhlig, Holm H. , Ułamek-Kozioł, Marzena, Ulasov, Ilya V. , Umekawa, Midori, Ungermann, Christian , Urbe, Sylvie, Uribe-Carretero, Elisabet , Uversky, Vladimir N. , Vaccaro, María I. , Vahsen, Björn F. , Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg, Helin, Valdor, Rut , Valente, Maria João , Valko, Ayelén , Vallée, Richard, Valverde, Ángela M. , Berghe, Greet Van den, Veen, Stijn van der , Kaer, Luc Van , Loosdregt, Jorg van , Wijk, Sjoerd J. L. van , Vandenberghe, Wim , Vanhorebeek, Ilse , Vannier-Santos, Marcos A., Vannini, Nicola , Vanrell, M. Cristina, Vantaggiato, Chiara , Varela‐Nieto, Isabel , Varga, Máté , Vasconcelos, M. Helena , Vats, Somya , Vega-Rubín-de-Celis, Silvia , Velasco, Guillermo , Velázquez, Ariadna P., Vellai, Tibor , Vellenga, Edo , Verdier, Mireille , Verginis, Panayotis , Vergne, Isabelle , Verkade, Paul , Verma, Manish , Verstreken, Patrik , Vervliet, Tim , Vervoorts, Jörg , Víctor, Víctor M., Vidoni, Chiara , Vieira, Otília V. , Vierstra, Richard D., Viganò, Sonia , Vihinen, Helena , Vijayan, Vinoy, Vila, Miquel , Villalba, José M., Villalobo, Antonio , Villarejo‐Zori, Beatriz , Vincent, Olivier , Vindis, Cécile , Viret, Christophe , Vocadlo, David J. , Voitsekhovskaja, Olga V. , Volonté, Cinzia , Volta, Mattia , Vomero, Marta , Haefen, Clarissa von, Vooijs, Marc , Voos, Wolfgang , Vučićević, Ljubica , Waguri, Satoshi , Waite, Kenrick A., Wakatsuki, Shuji , Walker, David W., Walker, Mark J. , Walter, Jochen, Wandosell, Francisco , Wang, Bo , Wang, Chao-Yung, Wang, Chen , Wang, Chenran, Wang, Chenwei , Wang, Cun-Yu, Wang, Fengming, Wang, Han, Wang, Hexiang , Wang, Hong‐Gang , Wang, Jianrong, Wang, Jigang , Wang, Jun-Dong , Wang, Kui , Wang, Lianrong, Wang, Liming , Wang, Maggie Haitian, Wang, Meiqing , Wang, Nanbu , Wang, Pengwei , Wang, Ping , Wang, Ping, Wang, Q., Wang, Qiong , Wang, Wentao , Wang, Xinnan, Wang, Xuejun , Wang, Yan, Wang, Yanchang , Wang, Yanzhuang , Wang, Yihua , Wang, Yu , Wang, Yuqi , Wang, Zhe, Wang, Zhenyu , Wang, Zhouguang , Watanabe, Eizo, Watchon, Maxinne , Wawrzyńska, Anna , Weaver, Timothy E., Węgrzyn, Grzegorz, Wehman, Ann M. , Wei, Huafeng , Wei, Taotao , Wei, Yongjie, Weiergräber, Oliver H. , Weihl, Conrad C., Weindl, Günther , Weiskirchen, Ralf , Wen, Runxia H. , Werner, Antonia, Weykopf, Beatrice , Whitton, J. Lindsay , Wiktorska, Katarzyna , Wildenberg, Manon E. , Wileman, Tom, Wilkinson, Simon , Williams, Brett, Williams, Robin S. B. , Williamson, Peter R. , Wilson, Richard A. , Winsor, Nathaniel J. , Wodrich, Harald , Woehlbier, Ute , Wollert, Thomas , Wong, Richard W., Wong, Vincent Kam Wai , Wong, W. Wei-Lynn, Wu, Anguo , Wu, Kenneth K., Wu, Shan‐Ying , Wu, William Ka Kei , Wu, Shufang, Wu, Xiaoqing , Wu, Yao‐Wen , Wu, Yihua , Xavier, Ramnik J. , Xia, Hongguang , Xia, Lixin , Xia, Zhengyuan , Ge, Xiang , Xiang, Jin , Xiang, Mingliang , Xiang, Wei , Xiao, Guozhi , Xiao, Hengyi , Xiao, Hongtao , Xiao, Jian, Xiao, Lan , Xiao, Shi , Xiao, Yin , Xie, Baoming, Xie, Zhiping , Xie, Min , Xie, Yuxiang , Xie, Zhonglin, Xilouri, Maria , Xu, En , Xu, Jin‐Rong , Xu, Liang , Xu, Xiulong , Xue, Yu , Yakhine-Diop, Sokhna M. S. , Yamaguchi, Masamitsu , Yamamoto, Ai , Yamashina, Shunhei, Yan, Shengmin , Yan, Shian-Jang, Yan, Zhen , Yang, Chuanbin , Yang, Dun-Sheng, Yang, Huan , Yang, Huang-Tian, Yang, Hui , Yang, Jing , Yang, Jingyu , Yang, Ling , Liu, Yang , Yang, Ming , Yang, Seungwon, Yang, Shu , Yang, Shun-Fa , Yang, Wannian, Yang, Wei , Yang, Xiaoyong , Yang, Yi , Yao, Xiaoqiang , Yao, Yong-Gang , Yao, Yong-ming, Yasui, Takahiro , Yazdankhah, Meysam, Yi, Cong , Yin, Xiao-Ming , Yin, Yanhai , Yin, Zhangyuan , Yin, Ziyi , Ying, Meidan , Ying, Zheng, Yip, Calvin K. , Yiu, Stephanie Pei Tung , Yoo, Young Hyun , Yoshimori, Tamotsu, Yousefi, Bahman, Yu, Boxuan , Yu, Haiyang , Yu, Jun, Li, Yu , Yu, Ming‐Lung , Yu, Seong-Woon, Yu, Victor C. , Yu, Zhengping, Yuan, Junying , Yuan, Ling‐Qing , Yuan, Shilin , Yuan, Yanggang , Yuan, Zengqiang , Yue, Jianbo , Yue, Zhenyu , Yung, Raymond , Zacks, David, Zaffagnini, Gabriele , Zambelli, Vanessa O. , Zanella, Isabella , Zang, Qun S. , Zanivan, Sara , Zappavigna, Silvia , Zaragoza, P. , Zarbalis, Konstantinos S., Zarebkohan, Amir , Zarrouk, Amira , Zeitlin, Scott, Zeng, Jialiu , Zeng, Judeng , Žerovnik, Eva , Zhan, Lixuan , Zhang, Donna D., Zhang, Hong , Zhang, Honghe , Zhang, Huafeng , Zhang, Huaye, Zhang, Huiling , Zhang, Jianbin , Zhang, Jingpu , Zhang, Kalin Yanbo , Zhang, Leshuai W. , Zhang, Lu , Zhang, Luoying , Zhang, Menghuan, Zhang, Peng , Zhang, Sheng , Zhang, Xiangnan, Zhang, Xiao-Wei, Zhang, Xiaolei , Zhang, Xiaoyan , Zhang, Xin , Zhang, Xinxin , Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yi , Zhang, Yingdong , Zhang, Yuanyuan , Zhang, Yuchen , Zhang, Zhe , Zhang, Zhibing , Zhang, Zili , Zhao, Haobin, Zhao, Lei , Zhao, Shuang , Zhao, Tongbiao , Zhao, Ying, Zhao, Yongchao , Zhao, Yongliang , Zhao, Yuting , Zheng, Guoping , Zheng, Kai, Zheng, Ling , Zheng, Shizhong , Zheng, Xi‐Long , Zheng, Zu‐Guo , Zhivotovsky, Boris, Zhong, Qing , Zhou, Ao, Zhou, Ben , Zhou, Cefan , Zhou, Gang , Zhou, Hongbo , Zhou, Kailiang, Zhou, Rongjia , Zhou, Yanshuang, Zhou, Yinghong , Zhou, Yubin , Zhou, Zhengyu, Zhou, Zhou , Zhu, Binglin , Zhu, Changlian , Zhu, Guo‐Qing , Zhu, Haining , Zhu, Hongxin, Zhu, Yanping , Zhu, Yushan , Zhuang, Haixia , Zhuang, Xiaohong , Zimmermann, Christine , Żołądek, Teresa , Zong, Wei‐Xing, Zorov, Dmitry B. , Zorzano, Antonio, Zou, Weiping, Zou, Zhen , Zou, Zhengzhi, Zuryn, Steven , Kenchappa, Chandra Shekar, Li, Zuguo , Lin, Yong , Sluimer, Judith C. , Stallings, Christina L. , Tong, Chun-Kit, Wang, Ping , Hu, Bo , Lee, Edward B. , Tse, Hung‐Fat , Suszták, Katalin , Lei, Yu Leo , Yu, M-L , Dai, Yun , Bartolome, Alberto , Brown, Rhoderick E , Passos, João F , Paneni, Francesco , Sahin, Özgür , Pereira de Almeida, Luis , Ren, Jun , Bornhauser, Beat , Kumar, Sharad , Sampaio-Marques, Belém , Ludovico, Paula , Luftig, Micah , Begun, Jakob , Krasnodembskaya, Anna D , Dafsari, Hormos Salimi , Chevet, Eric , Tse, Hung-Fat , Barmada, Sami , Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Darius , Cavadas, Claudia , Sue, Carolyn M , Cardenal-Muñoz, Elena , Lee, Edward B , Golebiewska, Anna , Calbet, Jose A L , Boya, Patricia , Maday, Sandra , Klionsky, Daniel J. , Abdelfatah, Sara , Abdoli, Asghar , Agarwal, Anupam , Ahmed, Zubair M. , Alcocer‐Gómez, Elísabet , Ali, Muhammad , Al‐Bari, Md. Abdul Alim , Aliwaini, Saeb H. , Alizadeh, Javad , Almacellas, Eugènia , Almasan, Alexandru , Alonso, G. , Altieri, Dario C. , Andersen, Stig Uggerhøj , Andrade-Silva, Magaiver , Angelini, Sabrina , Apostolova, Nadezda , Arasaki, Kohei , Araújo, Wagner L. , Arden, Catherine , Arimoto, Hirokazu , Armstrong-James, Darius P. H. , Pelloquin, Laetitia , Aschner, Michael , Ashrafizadeh, Milad , Autelli, Riccardo , Aveic, Sanja , Avin‐Wittenberg, Tamar , Ayton, Scott , Backues, Steven K. , Bae, Dong-Hun , Bae, Ok‐Nam , Baek, Ahruem , Baek, Seung‐Hoon , Baek, Sung Hee , Bai, Jie , Bai, Yidong , Baldari, Cosima T. , Balduini, Walter , Ballabio, Andrea , Banerjee, Sreeparna , Bao, Yan , Baptista, Maurı́cio S. , Barreto, George Emilio , Basagoudanavar, Suresh H. , Bast, Robert C. , Basu, Alakananda , Batoko, Henri , Batten, Isabella , Behrens, Georg M. N. , Bei, Roberto , Behl, Christian , Bello‐Morales, Raquel , Beltrán, Sebastián , Bergami, Matteo , Bergmann, Andreas , Berthoux, Lionel , Bhattacharya, Resham , Bhattacharyya, Shalmoli , Bhutia, Sujit Kumar , Bi, Lanrong , Birgisdottir, Åsa Birna , Bjørkøy, Geir , Blomgren, Klas , Boada-Romero, Emilio , Boesze‐Battaglia, Kathleen , Bonifacino, Juan S. , Boone, Brian A. , Borthakur, Gautam , Bosch, Jürgen , Bose, Santanu , Botana, Luis Miguel , Boulton, Michael E. , Bourdenx, Mathieu , Brackney, Doug E. , Brandts, Christian , Braun, Ralf J. , Braus, Gerhard H. , Bravo, Roberto , Brody, Steven L. , Brown, Carolyn Nicole , Brumell, John Hunter , Brunetti‐Pierri, Nicola , Buitrago‐Molina, Laura Elisa , Buraschi, Simone , Buch, Shilpa J. , Butturini, Elena , Cairó, Montserrat , Caldwell, Kim A. , Campbell‐Valois, François‐Xavier , Campello, Silvia , Campesi, Ilaria , Almeida, Danilo Cândido de , Canesi, Laura , Caraglia, Michele , Carchman, Evie H. , Carmona‐Gutiérrez, Didac , Carnevali, Oliana , Carrier, Lucie , Carroll, Bernadette , Carter, A. Brent , Casas, Caty , Castillo, Eliseo F. , Castro‐Caldas, Margarida , Castro‐Obregón, Susana , Catz, Sergio , Cayuela, María Luisa , Cecarini, Valentina , Cecconi, Francesco , Cenci, Simone , Ceperuelo‐Mallafré, Victòria , Cervia, Davide , Chae, Han–Jung , Chakrabarti, Oishee , Chan, Edmond Y. W., Chan, Edward D. , Chandra, Partha Kumar , Chang, Chih‐Peng , Chang, Chunmei , Chapman, Tracey , Chen, Guang‐Chao , Chen, Leilei , Chen, Lin , Chen, Quan , Chen, Ruey‐Hwa , Chen, Shi , Chen, Wei‐Qiang , Chen, Xu , Chen, Yu-Jen , Chen, Yujie , Chen, Zhi , Chen, Zhijian J. , Chen, Zhixiang , Cheng, Hanhua , Cheng, Jun , Cheng, Shi‐Yuan , Cheng, Wei Nee , Cheng, Xiaodong , Chen, Zhong , Cheong, Heesun , Chernyak, Boris V. , Chi, Richard J., Chiang, Aks , Chiarelli, Roberto , Chu, Charleen T. , Chung, Seockhoon , Cianfanelli, Valentina , Cifuentes, Mariana , Cirone, Mara , Clague, Michael J. , Cohen, Ehud , Cohen, Mickaël M. , Čolić, Miodrag J , Combaret, Lydie , Comincini, Sergio , Conte, Andrea, Conti, Fabrizio , Coppens, Isabelle , Corasaniti, Maria Tiziana , Corkery, Dale , Cordes, Nils , Cortese, Katia , Coto‐Montes, Ana M. , Crack, Peter John , Crespo, José L. , Cuadrado, Antonio , Cui, Jun , Cui, Yong , D’Arcangelo, Daniela , D’Lugos, Andrew C. , Dagda, Ruben Karim , Dagdas, Yasin , Daμμe, Markus , Dantuma, Nico P. , Darling, April L. , Dasarathy, Srinivasan , Daumke, Oliver , Davis, Tanja , Amicis, Francesca De , Felice, Francesca De , Franceschi, Lucia De , Milito, Angelo De , Nunzio, Cosimo De , Santi, Mauro De , Debnath, Jayanta , DeBosch, Brian J. , DeGregori, James V. , Rio, Gabriel del , Delbridge, Lea M.D. , Delpino, M. Victoria , Demarchi, Francesca , Dembitz, Vilma , Deng, Zhiqiang , Denton, Donna , Der, Channing J , Deretić, Vojo , Dhiman, Rohan , Bernardo, Diego di , Cristina, Manlio Di , Nardo, Alessia Di, Sano, Federica Di , Diallinas, George , Diaz-Araya, Guillermo, Đikić, Ivan , Ding, Wen‐Xing , Dini, Luciana , Dionne, Marc , Diwan, Abhinav , Dixon, Ian , Djavaheri‐Mergny, Mojgan , Dobrinski, Ina , Dobrovinskaya, Oxana R. , Dobrowolski, Radek , Dobson, Renwick C. J. , Donadelli, Massimo , Dong, Bo, Dötsch, Volker , Dou, Huan , Dridi, Sami , Du, Caigan , Du, Li‐Lin , Dubrovska, Anna , Dunlop, Elaine A. , Dwarakanath, Bilikere Srinivasa Rao , Eftekharpour, Eftekhar , Eichinger, Ludwig , Eissa, N. Tony , Eissa, Sanaa , El‐Naggar, Shahenda , Eliopoulos, Aristides G. , Elks, Philip M. , Emerling, Brooke M. , Engelbrecht, Anna‐Mart , Escobar‐Henriques, Mafalda , Fabriàs, Gemma , Fabrizi, Cinzia , Falkenburger, Björn H. , Fan, Yanbo , Fanto, Manolis , Feng, Du , Feng, Yibin , Feng, Yuchen , Fernández-Checa, José Carlos , Filippi‐Chiela, Eduardo Cremonese , Filomeni, Giuseppe , Fineschi, Vittorio , Flamigni, Flavio , Follo, Carlo , Fon, Edward A , Fornai, Francesco , Fraldi, Alessandro , Franco, Brunella , Franco, Rodrigo , Friedman, Scott L. , Frühbeck, Gema , Fujita, Naonobu , Fujiwara, Yuuki , Fukuda, Mitsunori , Furic, Luc , Fusco, Carmela , Galluzzi, Lorenzo, Gan, Boyi , Gao, Hui , Gao, Shou‐Jiang , Gargini, Ricardo , Garry, Robert F. , Ge, Liang , Ge, Wanzhong , Gelfi, Cecilia , Gentle, Ian Edward , Gewirtz, David A , Ghigo, Alessandra , Giampietri, Claudia , Gibson, Spencer B. , Giniger, Edward , Giorgi, Carlotta , Girão, Henrique , Goldstone, David C. , Gomez‐Puerto, Maria Catalina , Goñi, Félix M. , González‐Hernández, Tomás , Gorbatyuk, Marina S. , Goruppi, Sandro , Gottlieb, Roberta A. , Gozes, Illana , Green, Douglas R. , Grinstaff, Mark W. , Grune, Tilman , Guntur, Anyonya R. , Guo, Lian‐Wang , Gupta, Shashi Kumar , Gustafsson, Åsa B. , Haapasalo, Annakaisa , Hadano, Shinji , Hafrén, Anders , Hall, Belinda S. , Hamann, Andréa , Han, Weidong , Hanson, Phyllis I. , Haroon, Nigil , Harris, James , Hasegawa, Takafumi , Nagoor, Noor Hasima , Hay, Bruce A. , Hayrabedyan, Soren , He, Yu‐Ying , Helgason, G. Vignir , Hergovich, Alexander , Hernández–Gea, Virginia , Heussler, Volker Theo , Hlavacek, William S. , Hobbs, G. Aaron , Hochstrasser, Mark , Hofman, Paul , Holmberg, Carina I. , Hombrebueno, José R. , Hoppe, Thorsten , Horos, Rastislav , Hoshida, Yujin , Hsu, Hsin‐Yun , Hu, Li‐Fang , Hu, Ming Chang , Hu, Ronggui , Hu, Yu‐Chen , Hua, Fang , Hua, Jinlian, Hua, Yingqi , Huang, Canhua , Huang, Chuanxin , Huang, Kun , Huang, Rui , Huber, Tobias Bruno , Humbert, Magali , Hussey, Patrick J. , Hwang, Hui‐Yun , Hwang, Seungmin , Imai, Yuzuru , Iovanna, Juan , Ippolito, Giuseppe , Irazoqui, Javier E. , Ishaq, Mohd, Ishikawa, Makoto , Isidoro, Ciro , Izumi, Masanori , Jäättelä, Marja , Jabir, Majid Sakhi , Jackson, William T. , Jacomin, Anne‐Claire , Jakobi, Arjen J. , Jantsch, Jonathan , Jassey, Alagie , Jean, Steve , Jendelová, Pavla , Jewell, Jenna L. , Ji, Jing , Jiang, Liwen , Jin, Eun‐Jung , Jin, Hongchuan , Jin, Meiyan , Jo, Eun‐Kyeong , Johansen, Terje , Johnson, Gail V.W. , Jolly, Mohit Kumar , Joosten, Leo A. B. , Jordán, Joaquı́n , Joseph, Bertrand , Ju, Dianwen , Ju, Jeong-Sun , Ju, Jingfang , Judith, Delphine , Jung, Yong‐Keun , Kaarniranta, Kai , Kabuta, Tomohiro , Kahana, Alon , Kaminskyy, Vitaliy O. , Kanasaki, Keizo , Kanthasamy, Anumantha G. , Karamouzis, Michalis V. , Karmakar, Parimal , Katare, Rajesh , Kaufmann, Stefan H. E. , Kaushik, Susmita , Kawasaki, Kiyoshi, Ke, Po‐Yuan , Keating, Damien J. , Kehrl, John H. , Keller, Christian W. , Kemper, Jongsook Kim , Kermorgant, Stéphanie , Ketteler, Robin , Khambu, Bilon , Kim, Deok Ryong, Kim, Eun Young , Kim, Jin Kyung , Kim, Jin‐Hoi , Kim, Ju Hwan , Kim, Keun Il , Kim, Peter Kijun , Kinghorn, Kerri J. , Kirkin, Vladimir , Киселев, С. Л. , Kittler, Josef T. , Knorr, Roland L. , Ko, Ben C.B. , Ko, Jiunn‐Liang , Kobayashi, Hotaka , Koenig, Ulrich , Koike, Masato , Kohlwein, Sepp Dieter , Komatsu, Masaaki , Kopp, Benjamin T. , Korcsmaros, Tamas Douglas , Korolchuk, Viktor I. , Kotler, Mónica L. , Koukourakis, Michael Ioannis , Kovács, Tibor, Koya, Daisuke , Kozako, Tomohiro , Krämer, Helmut , Kroemer, Guido , Ktistakis, Nicholas T. , Kuchitsu, Kazuyuki , Kumar, Ashok , Kumar, Deepak, Kundu, Mondira , Kurgan, Lukasz , Kutateladze, Tatiana G. , Kwon, Ho Jeong , Kwon, Taeg Kyu , Kyrmizi, Irene , Spada, Albert R. La , Lai, Zhibing, Lamark, Trond , Lane, Jon D. , Lang, Charles H. , Lange, Carsten, Langel, Ülo , Lapaquette, Pierre , LaRusso, Nicholas F. , Lastres‐Becker, Isabel , Lavandero, Sergio , Law, Hkw , Layfield, Robert , Leduc‐Gaudet, Jean‐Philippe , Lee, He-Jin, Lee, Jae Man , Lee, Jun Hee , Lee, Seung‐Jae , Lee, Ying‐Ray , Lefebvre, Christophe , Legouis, Renaud , Leitinger, Gerd , Lenz, Heinz Josef, León, Yolanda, Leopoldino, Andréia Machado , Leung, Chi-Ting, Levine, Beth , Li, Jing , Li, Ke, Li, Min , Li, Min , Li, Pin‐Lan , Li, Tiangang , Li, Zhiqiang, Lian, Jiqin , Liang, Chengyu, Liang, Qiangrong , Liao, Mingzhi , Lilly, Mary A. , Lin, Liang , Lin, Pei‐Hui , Lin, Xueying , Linden, Rafael , Ling, Shuo‐Chien , Lingor, Paul , Linnemann, Amelia K , Liou, Yih‐Cherng , Lira, Vitor Agnew , Liu, Chunfeng , Liu, Cui Hua , Liu, Hao , Liu, Hsiao‐Sheng , Liu, Julia C. , Liu, Longhua , Liu, Meilian , Liu, Qin , Liu, Xiao-Hong, Liu, Xiaodong , Liu, Xingguo , Liu, Xuedong , Liu, Yang, Liu, Yang, Lizard, Gérard , Llorente, Alicia , Long, Qi , Long, Yun Chau, López, Manuela G. , Lőrincz, Péter , Lovat, Penny E. , Lu, Jin‐Jian , Lum, Julian J., Lünemann, Jan D. , Luo, Shouqing , Ma, Changle , Ma, Mengxiao , Ma, Ning‐Fang , Macián, Fernando , MacKeigan, Jeffrey P. , Majello, Barbara , Malorni, Walter , Mandell, Michael A. , Manjili, Masoud H. , Manjithaya, Ravi R. , Manque, Patrício , Manzoni, Claudia , Mao, Kai, Marconi, Anna Maria , Margeta, Marta , Marinelli, Oliviero , Marshall, Richard Scott , Marten, Mark R. , Martens, Sascha , Martin, Sara, Martín-Acebes, Miguel A. , Martín‐Burriel, Inmaculada , Martina, José A. , Martinet, Wim , Martinez, Jennifer , Martínez‐Velázquez, Moisés , Martinez-Lopez, Nuria, Martins‐Marques, Tânia , Masclaux‐Daubresse, Céline , Masson, Glenn Robert , Masuelli, Laura , Masyuk, Tetyana V., Matarrese, Paola , Mattoscio, Domenico , Mauriz, Jose Luis , Mauvezin, Caroline , Maverakis, Emanual Michael , Mazzoccoli, Gianluigi , McDonald, Christine , McLaughlin, BethAnn , Mechta‐Grigoriou, Fatima , Meijer, Annemarie H. , Meng, Tian, Menna‐Barreto, Rubem F. S. , Menon, Manoj B., Mercer, Carol A. , Mercier, Anne E., Merighi, Adalberto , Merla, Giuseppe , Miller, Dana L. , Miller, Silke , Milošević, Ira , Minina, Elena A. , Mirzaei, Mehdi, Mishra, Paras Kumar , Miyamoto, Shigeki, Miyazawa, Keisuke, Mograbi, Baharia , Mohanty, Abhishek , Mohapatra, Sipra , Mohmmed, Asif , Moles, Anna , Molinari, Maurizio , Mollace, Vincenzo , Møller, Andreas Buch , Mora, Ana Lucia , Mora, Marina, Morelli, Elena, Moreno, Sandra , Moresi, Viviana , Morga, Benjamín , Moritz, Orson L. , Moriyama, Mariko, Mostowy, Serge , Moustaïd‐Moussa, Naïma , Muller, Sylviane , Munjal, Ashok Kumar , Muñoz‐Cánoves, Pura , Münz, Christian , Muratori, Claudia, Murphy, John Patrick , Nabissi, Massimo , Nah, Jihoon , Nakagawa, Ichiro, Nakatogawa, Hitoshi , Nardacci, Roberta , Narita, Masashi , Neri, Luca Maria , Neufeld, Thomas P. , Nezis, Ioannis P. , Ni, Hong‐Min , Nicolao, María Celeste , Nilsson, Per Gunnar , Ning, Shunbin , Nóbrega, Clévio , Nolan, Trevor M. , Novak, Ivana, Nozawa, Takashi , Nussbaum-Krammer, Carmen I. , O’Sullivan, Timothy E., Oehme, Ina , Ohmuraya, Masaki , Okamoto, Koji , Oku, Masahide, Omary, M. Bishr , Önal, Gizem , Ong, Sang‐Ging , Ortona, Elena , Osta, Rosario , Otegui, Marisa S. , Ottobrini, Luisa , Outeiro, Tiago F. , Øynebråten, Inger , Pajvani, Utpal B. , Pallet, Nicolas , Palumbo, Camilla , Pampaloni, Francesco , Pan, Lifeng , Pan, Wenliang, Pandey, Udai Bhan , Panzarini, Elisa , Papaleo, Elena , Park, Eun Chan , Park, Joon Tae , Park, Sang Chul , Parola, Abraham H. , Parys, Jan B. , Patel, Hemal H. , Patschan, Daniel , Pei, Jianming, Peled‐Zehavi, Hadas , Penna, Fabio , Pérez-Lara, Ángel , Pérez‐Pérez, María Esther , Periyasamy, Palsamy , Perrotta, Cristiana , Perrotta, Ida Daniela , Petersen, Morten , Petrache, Irina , Philips, Jennifer A. , Picca, Anna , Pierdominici, Marina , Pietrocola, Federico , Pignata, Claudio , Pinton, Paolo , Plantinga, Theo S. , Plaza‐Zabala, Ainhoa , Plotnikov, Egor Y. , Plun‐Favreau, Hélène , Pluta, Ryszard , Popova, Blagovesta, Porta, Helena , Post, Martin , Poulton, Joanna , Promponas, Vasilis J. , Proud, Christopher G. , Puri, Rajat , Qi, Xiaopeng , Qian, Wenbin , Qiang, Lei , Qiu, Yu, Quarleri, Jorge Fabián , Ragusa, Michael J. , Rahimi, Nader , Rangarajan, Pundi Narasimhan , Rao, Lang , Rao, Rekha, Razani, Babak , Régnier, Jean-Claude , Reichert, Andreas S , Reue, Karen , Ricci, Jean‐Ehrland , Ricci, Roméo , Rikihisa, Yasuko , Roberts, Helen C., Roberts, Luke D., Roccheri, Maria Carmela , Rodney, George Gerald , Rodrigues, Tiago, Rodrı́guez, Amaia , Barrueco, Ruth Rodriguez , Rodríguez‐Rocha, Humberto , Roelofs, Jeroen , Rolka, Krzysztof , Romeo-Guitart, David , Roperto, Sante , Roth, Kevin A. , Roth, Lynn , Rovere‐Querini, Patrizia , Rubinsztein, David Chaim , Rudolf, Emil, Rudolf, Rüdiger, Ryan, Kevin M. , Ryu, Kwon‐Yul , Sachdev, Ulka , Sacher, Michael, Sadoshima, Junichi , Safren, Nathaniel , Sagona, Antonia P. , Sahay, Gaurav , Sahebkar, Amirhossein , Sahin, Ozgur, Sahni, Sumit , Saito, Shigeru , Sakai, Ryohei , Sanderson, J. Thomas , Sandri, Marco F. , Santaguida, Stefano , Sanz, Alberto, Sanz, Pascual , Sathyanarayanan, Ranganayaki, Schaefer, Liliana , Scharl, Michael M. , Schätzl, Hermann M. , Scheper, Wiep , Scheuring, David , Schott, Micah B. , Schramm, Michael, Schröder, Bernd, Schüller, Christoph, Scialò, Filippo , Sciarretta, Sebastiano , Scovassi, Anna Ivana , Segatori, Laura , Seiliez, Iban , Seki, Ekihiro , Sellke, Frank W. , Sergi, Consolato Maria , Settembre, Carmine , Shao, Changshun , Sheng, Zhi , Shi, Xiaobing , Shimozawa, Makoto, Shoji, Ikuo, Shridhar, Viji , Shu, Hong‐Bing , Sierra, Amanda , Sierra‐Torre, Virginia , Sil, Payel , Simon, Anna Katharina , Simon, Hans‐Uwe , Simons, Matias , Singh, Lalit Pukhrambam , Sirohi, Kapil , Sivridis, Efthimios , Skirycz, Aleksandra , Slaninová, Iva , Smaili, Soraya Soubhi , Smertenko, Andrii , Smith, Matthew D., Soenen, Stefaan J. , Solaini, Giancarlo , Soleimanpour, Scott A. , Solovchenko, Alexei E. , Song, Fuyong, Song, Ju‐Xian , Song, Zhiyin , Soria, Leandro R. , Spagnuolo, Paul A. , Spector, Stephen A. , Stalnecker, Clint A. , Stefan, Katja, Stefanis, Leonidas , Stenmark, Harald , Stevens, Craig, Stoka, Veronika , Stork, Björn , Su, Longxiang , Subauste, Carlos S. , Subbian, Selvakumar , Sun, Jun , Sun, Kang, Sun, Meng‐Xiang , Sun, Qiming , Sun, Yi Ning , Sundberg, Eva , Tabęcka-Łonczyńska, Anna , Tacke, Frank , Tafani, Marco , Tait, Stephen W. G. , Takáts, Szabolcs , Talwar, Priti , Tan, Chong Teik , Tanaka, Motomasa , Tanida, Isei , Tatenhorst, Lars , Tavernarakis, Nektarios, Taylor, Allen, Taylor, Gregory A., Taylor, Joan M. , Tchetina, Elena V. , Tee, Andrew R. , Tegeder, Irmgard , Teis, David , Teixeira-Clerc, Fatima , Tekirdağ, Kumsal Ayşe, Tepikin, Alexei V. , Testillano, Pilar S. , Tettamanti, Gianluca , Thellung, Stefano , Thomas, Sufi Mary , Thukral, Lipi , Till, Andreas , Todi, Sokol V. , Todorova, Krassimira O. , Tong, Benjamin Chun‐Kit , Tooze, Sharon A. , Torgersen, Maria Lyngaas , Toyokuni, Shinya , Trajković, Vladimir , Tramontano, Donatella , Trelford, Charles B. , Triola, Gemma , Tschan, Mario P. , Tse, Hung‐Fat , Tsugawa, Hitoshi , Tümtaş, Yasin , Tuñón, María Jesús , Turcotte, Sandra , Turk, Boris , Türk, Vito , Turner, Bradley J. , Tuxworth, Richard I. , Unno, Rei , Urbé, Sylvie , Üstün, Şuayib , Vaccari, Thomas , Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg, Helin , Vanrell, María Cristina , Varano, Gabriele , Vavvas, Demetrios G. , Vega‐Naredo, Ignacio , Velotti, Francesca , Vessoni, Alexandre Teixeira , Vidal, Michel, Vierstra, Richard David , Vijayan, Vinoy, Vilar, Marçal , Villarroya, Francesc , Villarroya, Joan , Viscomi, Maria Teresa , Višnjić, Dora , Vitale, Ilio , Wade‐Martins, Richard , Walker, David W., Walker, Simon A. , Walter, Jochen , Wang, Chao-Yung, Wang, Dong , Wang, Fangyang , Wang, Feng , Wang, Guansong , Wang, Han, Wang, Hao , Wang, Jiou , Wang, Lianrong , Wang, Peipei , Wang, Ping, Wang, Qing Jun , Wang, Qing , Wang, Wuyang , Wang, Yan, Wang, Yen‐Yun , Wang, Yipeng , Warnes, Gary , Warnsmann, Verena , Watada, Hirotaka , Wei, Lei , Wells, Alan , Wen, Xin , Wheatley, Sally P. , Whitworth, Alexander J. , Willbold, Dieter , Williams, Roger L. , Winner, Beate , Witkin, Steven Sol , Wong, Esther S.P. , Wong, Jack Ho, Wu, Chengbiao , Wu, Jian Huang , Wu, Mian , Wu, Min , Wu, Shuyan , Wu, Xiaohong , Xiang, Jin, Xiang, Mingliang, Xiang, Wei, Xiao, Bin, Xu, Chuanshan , Xu, En, Xu, Haoxing , Xu, Jing , Xu, Wen , Yamaguchi, Osamu , Yan, Shian‐Jang , Yanagi, Yasuo , Yang, Huang‐Tian , Yang, Jin‐Ming , Yang, Pei‐Ming , Yang, Qian , Yang, Xuesong , Yang, Ying , Yao, Honghong , Yao, Shenggen , Yen, Paul M. , Ying, Meidan, Yoo, Young H., Yoshida, Kiyotsugu , Yoshii, Saori R. , Yousefi, Bahman , Yu, Jun Qing , Yu, Jun, Yu, Wai Haung , Yu, Zhou , Yuan, Shyng‐Shiou F. , Yun, Jeanho , Zarbalis, Konstantinos S. , Zhang, Bin , Zhang, Donna D. , Zhang, Hanlin , Zhang, Hong , Zhang, Hui , Zhang, Jianhua , Zhang, Lin , Zhang, Lisheng , Zhang, Wei , Zhang, Xiangnan, Zhang, Xu Dong , Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yan‐Jin , Zhang, Yingmei , Zhang, Zhengguang , Zhang, Zhihai , Zhang, Zhiyong , Zhao, Xiao-Fan, Zhao, Ying, Zheng, Yi , Zhivotovsky, Boris , Zhou, Ao, Zhou, Hao , Zhou, Hong , Zhou, Jie , Zhou, Jing , Zhou, Jiyong , Zhou, Kailiang , Zhou, Shu‐Feng , Zhou, Zheng-Yu, Zhu, Hongxin, Zhu, Hua , Zhu, Wei‐Guo , Zientara‐Rytter, Katarzyna , Zimmermann, Christine M., Ziviani, Elena , Zwerschke, Werner , Brand‐Saberi, Beate , Li, Zuguo, Oshima, Shigeru , Rong, Yueguang , Devuyst, Olivier; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3744-4767 , Xia, Zhengyuan , Netea, M. G.

Autophagy | March 24, 2021 | Volume: 17 | Issue: 1 | Pages: 1-382

10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280 Get It

Poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase inhibitors induce autophagy‐mediated drug resistance in ovarian cancer cells, xenografts, and patient‐derived xenograft models
Weroha, S. John , Hou, Xiaonan , Oberg, Ann L. , Heinzen, Ethan P. , Pang, Lan , Rask, Philip, Amaravadi, Ravi K. , Becker, Sarah, Romero, Ignacio , Rubio, M.J., Llombart‐Cussac, Antonio , Poveda, Andrés , Lü, Zhen , Amaravadi, Ravi K , Becker, Sarah E , Bast, Robert C , Santiago‐O’Farrill, Janice M. , Maurer, Matthew J. , Matías‐Guiu, Xavier , Santacana, Marı́a , Bast, Robert C.

Cancer | November 12, 2019 | Volume: 126 | Issue: 4 | Pages: 894-907

10.1002/cncr.32600 Get It

Background Poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors exhibit promising activity against ovarian cancers, but their efficacy can be limited by acquired drug resistance. This study explores the role of autophagy in regulating the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to PARP inhibitors. Methods Induction of autophagy was detected by punctate LC3 fluorescence staining, LC3I to LC3II conversion on Western blot analysis, and electron microscopy. Enhanced growth inhibition and apoptosis were observed when PARP inhibitors were used with hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine (CQ), or LYS05 to block the hydrolysis of proteins and lipids in autophagosomes or with small interfering RNA against ATG5 or ATG7 to prevent the formation of autophagosomes. The preclinical efficacy of the combination of CQ and olaparib was evaluated with a patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) and the OVCAR8 human ovarian cancer cell line. Results Four PARP inhibitors (olaparib, niraparib, rucaparib, and talazoparib) induced autophagy in a panel of ovarian cancer cells. Inhibition of autophagy with CQ enhanced the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to PARP inhibitors. In vivo, olaparib and CQ produced additive growth inhibition in OVCAR8 xenografts and a PDX. Olaparib inhibited PARP activity, and this led to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an accumulation of γ‐H2AX. Inhibition of autophagy also increased ROS and γ‐H2AX and enhanced the effect of olaparib on both entities. Treatment with olaparib increased phosphorylation of ATM and PTEN while decreasing the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR and inducing autophagy. Conclusions PARP inhibitor–induced autophagy provides an adaptive mechanism of resistance to PARP inhibitors in cancer cells with wild‐type BRCA, and a combination of PARP inhibitors with CQ or other autophagy inhibitors could improve outcomes for patients with ovarian cancer.
Abstract 4768: PARP inhibitor-induced autophagy provides an adaptive mechanism of drug resistance in preclinical models of ovarian cancer
Weroha, Saravut J., Hou, Xiaonan , Pang, Lan , Rask, Philip, Santiago‐O’Farrill, Janice M. , Lü, Zhen , Bast, Robert C.

Cancer Research | August 7, 2019 | Volume: 79 | Issue: 13_Supplement | Pages: 4768-4768

10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-4768 Get It

Abstract Poly (ADP) ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have shown promising activity against recurrent ovarian cancers, particularly in women with germ line mutations of BRCA1/2. The efficacy of PARP inhibitors can, however, be decreased by acquired drug resistance. Autophagy or “self-eating” is one mechanism implicated in cancer progression and therapy resistance. Autophagy is a catabolic mechanism that can degrade organelles and long-lived proteins to provide energy for cancer cells under nutrient poor conditions or in the presence of stress. The energy provided from autophagy is used to fuel the DNA repair process and metabolic needs in cancer cells. Autophagy can protect cancer cells from chemotherapy or can enhance the response to certain drugs. In this study, we have asked whether autophagy contributes to the resistance of ovarian cancer cells to PARPi. Our group has found that four PARP inhibitors (olaparib, niraparib, rucaparib and talazorapib) induce autophagy in 8 ovarian cancer cell lines, detected by LC3A to LC3B conversion on western blot analysis and punctate GFP-LC3 fluorescence. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the increased autophagosome formation in olaparib treated cells. To test whether autophagy contributes to the resistance of OC cells to olaparib, we determined the impact of autophagy inhibition on the sensitivity of OC cell lines to olaparib by either using chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine or LYS05 to block hydrolysis of proteins and lipids in autophagosomes or using siRNA against ATG5 or ATG7 to prevent formation of autophagosome. Enhancement of PARPi activity was observed in 6 out 8 ovarian cancer cell lines. Moreover, a combination of olaparib and chloroquine proved more effective than either single agent in a xenograft model of the OVCAR8 ovarian cancer cell line and in a patient derived xenograft model. Mechanistically, olaparib decreased PARP activity leading to DNA damage and accumulation of γ-H2AX. Olaparib treatment increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phosphorylation of ATM, while decreasing the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR. We also observed an increase in PTEN, a well-recognized negative regulator of AKT. Inhibition of PTEN decreases LC3 conversion, suggesting PTEN as an important regulator of olaparib-induced autophagy in ovarian cancer cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate for the first time that olaparib induces autophagy in ovarian cancer cells and provides an adaptive mechanism of resistance to PARPi. Olaparib-induced autophagy may depend upon activation of ATM and PTEN by ROS, downregulating pAKT/pmTOR signaling. Moreover we have identify unique combinations of therapy with PARPi and CQ or other inhibitors of autophagy that could improve outcomes for ovarian cancer patients. Citation Format: Janice M. Santiago-O'Farrill, Saravut J. Weroha, Xiaonan Hou, Lan Pang, Philip Rask, Zhen Lu, Robert C. Bast. PARP inhibitor-induced autophagy provides an adaptive mechanism of drug resistance in preclinical models of ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4768.
Use of Biomarkers to Guide Decisions on Adjuvant Systemic Therapy for Women With Early-Stage Invasive Breast Cancer: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline Update—Integration of Results From TAILORx
André, Fabrice , Ismaila, Nofisat , Henry, N. Lynn , Somerfield, Mark R. , Hammond, M. Elizabeth, Kuderer, Nicole M. , Liu, Minetta C. , Poznak, Catherine Van , Henry, N Lynn , André, Fabrice , Bast, Robert C. , Barlow, William E. , Collyar, Deborah , Wolff, Antonio C. , Stearns, Vered

Journal of Clinical Oncology | May 31, 2019 | Volume: 37 | Issue: 22 | Pages: 1956-1964

10.1200/jco.19.00945 Get It

PURPOSE This focused update addresses the use of Onco type DX in guiding decisions on the use of adjuvant systemic therapy. METHODS ASCO uses a signals approach to facilitate guideline updating. For this focused update, the publication of the Trial Assigning Individualized Options for Treatment (TAILORx) evaluating noninferiority of endocrine therapy alone versus chemoendocrine therapy for invasive disease–free survival in women with Onco type DX scores provided a signal. An expert panel reviewed the results of TAILORx along with other published literature on the Onco type DX assay to assess for evidence of clinical utility. UPDATED RECOMMENDATIONS For patients with hormone receptor–positive, axillary node–negative breast cancer whose tumors have Onco type DX recurrence scores of less than 26, there is little to no benefit from chemotherapy, especially for patients older than age 50 years. Clinicians may recommend endocrine therapy alone for women older than age 50 years. For patients 50 years of age or younger with recurrence scores of 16 to 25, clinicians may offer chemoendocrine therapy. Patients with recurrence scores greater than 30 should be considered candidates for chemoendocrine therapy. Based on informal consensus, the panel recommends that oncologists may offer chemoendocrine therapy to these patients with recurrence scores of 26 to 30. Additional information can be found at www.asco.org/breast-cancer-guidelines .
Use of Biomarkers to Guide Decisions on Systemic Therapy for Women With Metastatic Breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline
Poznak, Catherine Van , Somerfield, Mark R. , Bast, Robert C. , Cristofanilli, Massimo , González-Angulo, Ana M. , Hicks, David G., Hill, Elizabeth G. , Liu, Minetta C. , Lucas, Wanda, Mennel, Robert, Symmans, W. Fraser , Hayes, Daniel F. , Harris, Lyndsay N. , Van Poznak, Catherine, Mayer, Ingrid A. , Mennel, Robert G, Symmans, William F, Goetz, Matthew P. , Bast, Robert C , Symmans, W Fraser , Cristofanilli, Massimo

Journal of Clinical Oncology | July 20, 2015 | Volume: 33 | Issue: 24 | Pages: 2695-2704

10.1200/jco.2015.61.1459 Get It

Purpose To provide recommendations on the appropriate use of breast tumor biomarker assay results to guide decisions on systemic therapy for metastatic breast cancer. Methods A literature search and prospectively defined study selection identified systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective–retrospective studies, and prospective comparative observational studies published from 2006 through September 2014. Results The literature search revealed 17 articles that met criteria for further review: 11 studies reporting discordances between primary tumors and metastases in expression of hormone receptors or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), one RCT that addressed the use of a biomarker to decide whether to change or continue a treatment regimen, and five prospective–retrospective studies that evaluated the clinical utility of biomarkers. Recommendations In patients with accessible metastases, biopsy for confirmation of disease process and retesting of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 status should be offered, but evidence is lacking to determine whether changing anticancer treatment on the basis of change in receptor status affects clinical outcomes. With discordance of results between primary and metastatic tissues, the Panel consensus is to use preferentially the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 status of the metastasis to direct therapy if supported by the clinical scenario and patient's goals for care. Carcinoembryonic antigen, cancer antigen 15-3, and cancer antigen 27-29 may be used as adjunctive assessments, but not alone, to contribute to decisions regarding therapy. Recommendations for tumor rebiopsy and use of circulating tumor markers are based on clinical experience and Panel informal consensus in the absence of studies designed to evaluate the clinical utility of the markers. As such, it is also reasonable for clinicians to not use these markers as adjunctive assessments.
National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines for Use of Tumor Markers in Testicular, Prostate, Colorectal, Breast, and Ovarian Cancers
Sturgeon, Catharine M., Duffy, Michael J. , Brünner, Nils, Chan, Daniel W., Babaian, Richard J., Bast, Robert C. , Dowell, Barry L., Esteva, Francisco J. , Haglund, Caj , Hayes, Daniel F. , Holten-Andersen, Mads , Klee, George G., Lamerz, R., Looijenga, Leendert H. J. , Nielsen, Hans Jørgen , Rittenhouse, Harry G., Semjonow, Axel, Shih, Ie‐Ming, Sibley, Paul, Sölétormos, György , Stephan, Carsten , Sokoll, Lori J. , Hoffman, Barry , Diamandis, Eleftherios P. , Stenman, Ulf‐Håkan , Lilja, Hans , Harbeck, Nadia , Molina, Rafael , Bast, Robert C , Diamandis, Eleftherios

Clinical Chemistry | November 28, 2008 | Volume: 54 | Issue: 12 | Pages: e11-e79

10.1373/clinchem.2008.105601 Get It

AbstractBackground: Updated National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB) Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines for the use of tumor markers in the clinic have been developed.Methods: Published reports relevant to use of tumor markers for 5 cancer sites—testicular, prostate, colorectal, breast, and ovarian—were critically reviewed.Results: For testicular cancer, α-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and lactate dehydrogenase are recommended for diagnosis/case finding, staging, prognosis determination, recurrence detection, and therapy monitoring. α-Fetoprotein is also recommended for differential diagnosis of nonseminomatous and seminomatous germ cell tumors. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is not recommended for prostate cancer screening, but may be used for detecting disease recurrence and monitoring therapy. Free PSA measurement data are useful for distinguishing malignant from benign prostatic disease when total PSA is <10 μg/L. In colorectal cancer, carcinoembryonic antigen is recommended (with some caveats) for prognosis determination, postoperative surveillance, and therapy monitoring in advanced disease. Fecal occult blood testing may be used for screening asymptomatic adults 50 years or older. For breast cancer, estrogen and progesterone receptors are mandatory for predicting response to hormone therapy, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 measurement is mandatory for predicting response to trastuzumab, and urokinase plasminogen activator/plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 may be used for determining prognosis in lymph node–negative patients. CA15-3/BR27–29 or carcinoembryonic antigen may be used for therapy monitoring in advanced disease. CA125 is recommended (with transvaginal ultrasound) for early detection of ovarian cancer in women at high risk for this disease. CA125 is also recommended for differential diagnosis of suspicious pelvic masses in postmenopausal women, as well as for detection of recurrence, monitoring of therapy, and determination of prognosis in women with ovarian cancer.Conclusions: Implementation of these recommendations should encourage optimal use of tumor markers.
Coordinate elevation of serum markers in ovarian cancer but not in benign disease
Bast, Robert C. , Knauf, S., Epenetos, A A, Dhokia, B, Daly, L., Tanner, M., Soper, John T. , Creasman, William T., Gall, Stanley A., Knapp, Robert C., Zurawski, V R, Schlom, J, Kufe, D, Ritts, Roy E., Bast, Robert C

Cancer | June 27, 2006 | Volume: 68 | Issue: 8 | Pages: 1758-1763

10.1002/1097-0142(19911015)68:8<1758::aid-cncr2820680819>3.0.co;2-# Get It

Selection of Potential Markers for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer with Gene Expression Arrays and Recursive Descent Partition Analysis
Lu, Karen H. , Patterson, Andrea P., Marquez, Rebecca T., Atkinson, E. Neely, Baggerly, Keith, Ramoth, Lance R., Rosen, Daniel , Hellström, Ingegerd, Smith, David, Hartmann, Lynn C. , Fishman, David A. , Schmandt, Rosemarie , Whitaker, Regina S. , Bast, Robert C. , Wang, Lin , Liu, Jinsong , Smith, David, Berchuck, Andrew , Gershenson, David M. , Mills, Gordon B. , Bast, Robert C

Clinical Cancer Research | September 21, 2005 | Volume: 10 | Issue: 10 | Pages: 3291-3300

10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-03-0409 Get It

Abstract Purpose: Advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis with long-term survival in less than 30% of patients. When the disease is detected in stage I, more than 90% of patients can be cured by conventional therapy. Screening for early-stage disease with individual serum tumor markers, such as CA125, is limited by the fact that no single marker is up-regulated and shed in adequate amounts by all ovarian cancers. Consequently, use of multiple markers in combination might detect a larger fraction of early-stage ovarian cancers. Experimental Design: To identify potential candidates for novel markers, we have used Affymetrix human genome arrays (U95 series) to analyze differences in gene expression of 41,441 known genes and expressed sequence tags between five pools of normal ovarian surface epithelial cells (OSE) and 42 epithelial ovarian cancers of different stages, grades, and histotypes. Recursive descent partition analysis (RDPA) was performed with 102 probe sets representing 86 genes that were up-regulated at least 3-fold in epithelial ovarian cancers when compared with normal OSE. In addition, a panel of 11 genes known to encode potential tumor markers [mucin 1, transmembrane (MUC1), mucin 16 (CA125), mesothelin, WAP four-disulfide core domain 2 (HE4), kallikrein 6, kallikrein 10, matrix metalloproteinase 2, prostasin, osteopontin, tetranectin, and inhibin] were similarly analyzed. Results: The 3-fold up-regulated genes were examined and four genes [Notch homologue 3 (NOTCH3), E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3), GTPase activating protein (RACGAP1), and hematological and neurological expressed 1 (HN1)] distinguished all tumor samples from normal OSE. The 3-fold up-regulated genes were analyzed using RDPA, and the combination of elevated claudin 3 (CLDN3) and elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) distinguished the cancers from normal OSE. The 11 known markers were analyzed using RDPA, and a combination of HE4, CA125, and MUC1 expression could distinguish tumor from normal specimens. Expression at the mRNA level in the candidate markers was examined via semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR and was found to correlate well with the array data. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify expression of the genes at the protein level in 158 ovarian cancers of different histotypes. A combination of CLDN3, CA125, and MUC1 stained 157 (99.4%) of 158 cancers, and all of the tumors were detected with a combination of CLDN3, CA125, MUC1, and VEGF. Conclusions: Our data are consistent with the possibility that a limited number of markers in combination might identify &gt;99% of epithelial ovarian cancers despite the heterogeneity of the disease.
Patterns of Gene Expression in Different Histotypes of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Correlate with Those in Normal Fallopian Tube, Endometrium, and Colon
Marquez, Rebecca T., Baggerly, Keith, Patterson, Andrea P., Broaddus, Russell, Atkinson, E. Neely, Smith, David I., Hartmann, Lynn C. , Fishman, David A. , Whitaker, Regina S. , Bast, Robert C. , Lu, Karen H. , Liu, Jinsong , Frumovitz, Michael , Smith, David I., Berchuck, Andrew , Gershenson, David M. , Mills, Gordon B. , Bast, Robert C

Clinical Cancer Research | September 21, 2005 | Volume: 11 | Issue: 17 | Pages: 6116-6126

10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-2509 Get It

Abstract Purpose: Epithelial ovarian cancers are thought to arise from flattened epithelial cells that cover the ovarian surface or that line inclusion cysts. During malignant transformation, different histotypes arise that resemble epithelial cells from normal fallopian tube, endometrium, and intestine. This study compares gene expression in serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous ovarian cancers with that in the normal tissues that they resemble. Experimental Design: Expression of 63,000 probe sets was measured in 50 ovarian cancers, in 5 pools of normal ovarian epithelial brushings, and in mucosal scrapings from 4 normal fallopian tube, 5 endometrium, and 4 colon specimens. Using rank-sum analysis, genes whose expressions best differentiated the ovarian cancer histotypes and normal ovarian epithelium were used to determine whether a correlation based on gene expression existed between ovarian cancer histotypes and the normal tissues they resemble. Results: When compared with normal ovarian epithelial brushings, alterations in serous tumors correlated with those in normal fallopian tube (P = 0.0042) but not in other normal tissues. Similarly, mucinous cancers correlated with those in normal colonic mucosa (P = 0.0003), and both endometrioid and clear cell histotypes correlated with changes in normal endometrium (P = 0.0172 and 0.0002, respectively). Mucinous cancers displayed the greatest number of alterations in gene expression when compared with normal ovarian epithelial cells. Conclusion: Studies at a molecular level show distinct expression profiles of different histologies of ovarian cancer and support the long-held belief that histotypes of ovarian cancers come to resemble normal fallopian tube, endometrial, and colonic epithelium. Several potential molecular markers for mucinous ovarian cancers have been identified.
Translational Crossroads for Biomarkers
Bast, Robert C. , Lilja, Hans , Rimm, David L. , Fritsche, Herbert A. , Veltri, Robert W., Klee, George G., Allen, Andrew R., Gutman, Steven, Rubin, Mark A. , Hruszkewycz, Andrew M., Urban, Nicole , Gray, Joe W. , Kim, Nam , Lilja, Hans , Bast, Robert C , Rimm, David , Rubin, Mark A

Clinical Cancer Research | September 21, 2005 | Volume: 11 | Issue: 17 | Pages: 6103-6108

10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-2213 Get It

Abstract A group of investigators met at a Specialized Programs of Research Excellence Workshop to discuss key issues in the translation of biomarker discovery to the development of useful laboratory tests for cancer care. Development and approval of several new markers and technologies have provided informative examples that include more specific markers for prostate cancer, more sensitive tests for ovarian cancer, more objective analysis of tissue architecture and an earlier indication of response to treatment in breast cancer. Although there is no clear paradigm for biomarker development, several principles are clear. Marker development should be driven by clinical needs, including early cancer detection, accurate pretreatment staging, and prediction of response to treatment, as well as monitoring disease progression and response to therapy. Development of a national repository that uses carefully preserved, well-annotated tissue specimens will facilitate new marker development. Reference standards will be an essential component of this process. Both hospital-based and commercial laboratories can play a role in developing biomarkers from discovery to test validation. Partnering of academe and industry should occur throughout the process of biomarker development. The National Cancer Institute is in a unique position to bring together academe, industry, and the Food and Drug Administration to (a) define clinical needs for biomarkers by tumor type, (b) establish analytic and clinical paradigms for biomarker development, (c) discuss ways in which markers from different companies might be evaluated in combination, (d) establish computational methods to combine data from multiple biomarkers, (e) share information regarding promising markers developed in National Cancer Institute–supported programs, and (f) exchange data regarding new platforms and techniques that can accelerate marker development.