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Hughes, William E.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7580-9213

Mayo Clinic

University of Iowa

Citations 3

The Impact of Nitrate Supplementation on the Peripheral Chemoreceptor Reflex to Hypoxia in Older Adults
Bock, Josh, Limberg, Jacqueline K. , Hughes, William E. , Kruse, Nicholas T. , Ueda, Kenichi , Casey, Darren P.

The FASEB Journal | November 26, 2023 | Volume: 31 | Issue: S1 | Pages: No page available

10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.867.1 Get It

Peripheral chemoreceptors located within the carotid bodies activate cardiorespiratory reflexes in response to hypoxia. Carotid body chemoreceptor activity has been shown to be enhanced in conditions such as congestive heart failure, hypertension, and possibly aging. Nitric oxide (NO) has been proposed as an inhibitory modulator of carotid body chemosensitivity in response to hypoxia. Additionally, NO bioavailability is often reduced with cardiovascular risk factors such as aging. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that increasing NO bioavailability via dietary nitrate (NO 3 ) supplementation would reduce cardiorespiratory responses to hypoxia in older adults. A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study design was used to evaluate minute ventilation (V E ) and heart rate (HR) responses to acute hypoxia in 7 older adults (66±2 years; 5M/2F) before and after 4 weeks of NO 3 supplementation (beetroot powder) and placebo (beetroot powder devoid of NO 3 ). On each study visit, subjects underwent two separate isocapnic hypoxic tests (self‐regulating, partial rebreathing system with 10% O 2 ). Subjects remained on 10% O 2 until SpO 2 reached ≤80%. The hypoxic exposures were separated by a 15‐minute washout period with the subjects breathing room air. V E , HR, and SpO 2 were continuously monitored throughout each hypoxic exposure. Data were grouped together using a 7‐breath average with the slope of the linear regression line for each dependent variable (V E and HR) versus SpO 2 serving as a measure of peripheral chemosensitivity. The slopes for the two hypoxia tests on each study visit were averaged and used for statistical comparisons. On study day one (true baseline) acute hypoxia increased both V E and HR ( P <0.05 for both). Four weeks of NO 3 supplementation reduced the hypoxic ventilatory response (−0.16 ± −0.05 vs. −0.06 ± −0.03 L/minute/%SpO 2 , P <0.05), whereas no change was observed following the placebo phase of the study (−0.14 ± −0.07 vs. −0.14 ± −0.08 L/minute/%SpO 2 , P=0.67). Additionally, the heart rate responses to acute hypoxia were also reduced following NO 3 supplementation (−0.49 ± −0.08 vs. −0.30 ± −0.05 beats/minute/%SpO 2 , P <0.05), but not with placebo (−0.54 ± −0.11 vs. −0.45 ± −0.08 beats/minute/%SpO 2 , P=0.21). Our preliminary findings suggest that supplementation of NO 3 to boost NO bioavailability in older adults blunts the cardiorespiratory responses to hypoxia. Future studies should examine the therapeutic potential of NO 3 in patient populations exhibiting exaggerated peripheral chemosensitivity. Support or Funding Information Research supported by Neogenis Inc.
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition) 1
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Fielding , Henkel, Vanessa, Herb, Marc , Herman-Antosiewicz, Anna , Hernández, Agustín , Hernández, Carlos , Hernández-Díaz, Sergio , Hernández–Gea, Virginia , Herpin, Amaury , Herreros, Judit , Hervás, Javier H. , Hesselson, Daniel , Hetz, Claudio , Higuchi, Yujiro , Hilfiker, Sabine , Hill, Joseph A., Ho, Emmanuel A. , Ho, Idy H. T. , Ho, Philip Wing‐Lok , Ho, Shu‐Leong , Ho, Wan Yun, Hoet, Peter , Hofius, Daniel , Höhn, Annika , Hong, Yi-Ren Hong Chang-Won, Hooper, Lora V. , Hsin, I‐Lun , Hu, Bing , Hu, Dong , Hu, Wei , Hu, Zhuowei , Hua, Jinlian, Huan, Chongmin , Huang, Chuanshu , Huang, Chunling , Huang, Haishan , Huang, Michael , Huang, Shan , Huang, Tianzhi , Huang, Xing , Huang, Yuxiang , Hubert, Virginie , Hübner, Christian A. , Hughes, Stephanie M. , Hughes, William E. , Hummer, Gerhard , Hurley, James H. , Hussain, Sabah N. A. , Hussain, Salik , Hutabarat, Martina , Hwang, Hui-Yun, Ieni, Antonio , Ikeda, Fumiyo , Imagawa, Yusuke , Imbriano, Carol , Imoto, Masaya , Inman, Denise M. , Inoki, Ken , Iozzo, Renato V. , Iribarren, Pablo , Ishaq, Mohd , Ishimwe, Nestor , Ismail, Nahed , Issazadeh‐Navikas, Shohreh , Itakura, Eisuke , Ito, Daisuke , Ivankovic, Davor , Ivanova, Saška , Iyer, Anand Krishnan V. , Izquierdo, José M. , Jacobo‐Herrera, Nadia , Jacquin, Élise , Jadiya, Pooja , Jaeschke, Hartmut , Jagannath, Chinnaswamy, Jakobsson, Johan , Janji, Bassam , Jansen‐Dürr, Pidder , Jansson, Patric J. , Januszewski, Sławomir, Jeltsch‐David, Hélène , Jenny, Andreas , Jensen, Thomas E. , Jessen, Niels , Jia, Lijun , Jia, Rui , Jiang, Qing , Jiang, Richeng , Jiang, Teng , Jiang, Xuejun , Jiang, Yu , Jiménez-Sánchez, María , Jin, Fengyan , Jin, Li , Jin, Luqi, Jin, Si , Joffre, Carine , Johnston, Simon A. , Jokitalo, Eija , Juárez, Esmeralda , Juhász, Gábor , Jun, Youngsoo , Jung, Chang Hwa , Jung, Sung‐Chul , Jungbluth, Heinz , Jungverdorben, Johannes , Just, Steffen , Kaasik, Allen , Kaganovich, Daniel , Kain, Renate , Kajimura, Shingo , Kalamvoki, Maria , Kalia, Manjula , Kalinowski, Danuta S. , Kaludercic, Nina , Kalvari, Ioanna , Kamińska, Joanna , Kanamori, Hiromitsu , Kang, Chanhee , Kang, Rui , Kang, Sang Sun , Kaniyappan, Senthilvelrajan , Kanki, Tomotake , Kanneganti, Thirumala‐Devi , Kanthasamy, Arthi , Kantorow, Marc , Kapuy, Orsolya , Karim, Md. Razaul , Kato, Masaru , Kauppinen, Anu , Kaushal, Gur P. , Kawasaki, Kiyoshi, Kazan, Kemal , Keber, Ursula , Keller, Kate E. , Kenific, Candia M. , Kepp, Oliver , Kern, Andreas , Keulers, Tom G. , Khalfin, Boris , Khalil, Hany , Khan, Shahid Y. , Khandelwal, Vinoth Kumar Megraj, Khandia, Rekha , Kho, Widuri , Khobrekar, Noopur V. , Khuansuwan, Sataree , Khundadze, Mukhran , Killackey, Samuel A. , Kim, Dasol , Kim, Deok Ryong, Kim, Do‐Hyung , Kim, Dong‐Eun , Kim, Eun‐Kyoung , Kim, Hak-Rim, Kim, Hee-Sik , Kim, Hyung-Ryong, Kim, Jeong Hun , Kim, Joungmok , Kim, Seong‐Jun , Kimball, Scot R., Kimchi, Adi , Kimmelman, Alec , Kimura, Tomonori , King, Matthew, Kinsey, Conan G. , Kirshenbaum, Lorrie A. , Kishi, Shuji , Kitamoto, Katsuhiko , Kitaoka, Yasushi , Kitazato, Kaio, Kitsis, Richard N. , Kjærulff, Ole , Klein, Peter S. , Klopstock, Thomas , Klucken, Jochen , Knævelsrud, Helene , Ko, Fred , Kobayashi, Satoru, Koch, Ina , Koch, Jan Christoph , Kögel, Donat , Koh, Young Ho , Kocatürk, Nur Mehpare , Komatsu, Masaaki, König, Jeannette , Kono, Toru, Korkmaz, Gözde , Korsnes, Mónica Suárez , Koskela, Ali , Kota, Janaiah , Kotake, Yaichiro , Kotler, Monica L., Kou, Yanjun , Koukourakis, Michael I., Koustas, Evangelos , Kovács, Tibor , Kovács, Tibor, Kraft, Claudine , Krainc, Dimitri, Krämer, Helmut, Krasnodembskaya, Anna , Kretz‐Remy, Carole , Kroemer, Guido, Kuenen, Sabine , Kuerschner, Lars , Kukar, Thomas , Kumar, Ajay , Kumar, Deepak, Kumar, Dhiraj, Kumar, Sharad , Kume, Shinji , Kumsta, Caroline , Kundu, Chanakya Nath , Kundu, Mondira, Kunnumakkara, Ajaikumar B. , Kutlu, Özlem , Kwak, SeongAe , Kwon, Yong Tae , Spada, Albert La, Labonté, Patrick , Ladoire, Sylvain , Laface, Ilaria, Lafont, Frank , Lagace, Diane C. , Lahiri, Vikramjit , Lai, Zhibing, Laird, Angela S. , Lakkaraju, Aparna , Lan, Sheng‐Hui , Landajuela, Ane , Lane, Darius J.R. , Lange, Carsten , Langer, Rupert , Lapaquette, Pierre, Laporte, Jocelyn , Lastres-Becker, Isabel, Lau, Wilson Chun Yu , Laurie, Gordon W. , Le, Weidong, Stunff, Hervé Le , Leary, Alexandre Y , Lebrun, Jean-Jacques, Leck, Lionel , Lee, Changwook , Lee, Chung‐Pei , Lee, Da-Hye , Lee, Edward B., Lee, Erinna F. , Lee, Gyun Min, Lee, He-Jin, Lee, Heung Kyu , Lee, Jason S. , Lee, Jin-A, Lee, Joo‐Yong , Lee, Michael , Lee, Min Goo , Lee, Min Jae, Lee, Myung‐Shik , Lee, Sangyoon , Lee, Stella Y. , Lee, Sung, Lee, Won Hee , Lee, Yong‐ho , Lee, Youngil , Lei, Yu L., Lei, Yuchen , Leikin, Sergey , Lemus, Leticia , Leng, Shuilong, Lenoir, Olivia , Lenz, Guido , Lenz, Heinz Josef, Lenzi, Paola, León, Yolanda , Leschczyk, Christoph, Leskelä, Stina, Letellier, Elisabeth , Leung, Chi-Ting, Leung, Po Sing , Leventhal, Jeremy S. , Levine, Beth, Lewis, Patrick A. , Ley, Klaus , Li, Bin , Li, Da‐Qiang , Li, Jian‐Ming , Li, Jiong , Li, Liwu , Li, Mei , Li, Ming , Li, Mingchuan , Li, Pin‐Lan, Li, Ming‐Qing , Li, Qing , Li, Sheng , Li, Wei , Li, Wenming , Li, Xue , Li, Yi-Ping, Li, Yuan , Li, Zhiqiang, Li, Zhiyong , Li, Zhiyuan , Lian, Jiqin, Liang, Chengyu, Liang, Qiangrong, Liang, Weicheng , Liang, Yongheng, Liang, YongTian , Liao, Guanghong , Liao, Lujian , Liao, Yung-Feng, Librizzi, Mariangela, Lie, Pearl P.Y. , Lim, Hyunjung J., Lima, Thania Rios Rossi , Limana, Federica , Lin, Chao , Lin, Chih-Wen, Lin, Dar‐Shong , Lin, Fu‐Cheng , Lin, Jiandie D. , Lin, Kurt M., Lin, Kwang‐Huei , Lin, Qiong, Lin, Shaofeng , Lin, Su-Ju, Lin, Wenyu , Lin, Yao‐Xin , Lin, Yee‐Shin, Linden, Rafael, Lindner, Paula , Lipinski, Marta M. , Lipovšek, Saška, Lisiak, Natalia , Liton, Paloma B. , Liu, Chao , Liu, Ching‐Hsuan , Liu, Fang , Liu, Hua-feng , Liu, Huifang , Liu, Jia , Liu, Jing , Liu, Leyuan, Liu, Wei , Liu, Wende , Liu, Xiao-Hong, Liu, Xu , Liu, Yanfen , Liu, Yang, Liu, Yang, Liu, Yueyang , Liu, Yule , Livingston, J. 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H. , Ma, Ning-Fang, Ma, Quanhong , Ma, Xinliang , Ma, Yueyun , Ma, Zhenyi , MacDougald, Ormond A. , MacIntosh, Gustavo C. , Macleod, Kay F. , Maday, Sandra , Madeo, Frank , Madesh, Muniswamy , Madl, Tobias , Madrigal‐Matute, Julio , Maeda, Akiko, Maejima, Yasuhiro , Magariños, Marta , Mahavadi, Poornima , Maiani, Emiliano , Maiese, Kenneth , Maiti, Panchanan , Maiuri, Maria Chiara , Major, Michael Ben, Makareeva, Elena , Malik, Fayaz , Mallilankaraman, Karthik , Maloyan, Alina , Mammadova, Najiba, Man, Gene Chi Wai , Manai, Federico , Mancias, Joseph D. , Mandelkow, Eva‐Maria , Manfredi, Angelo A. , Manshian, Bella B. , Manzano, Raquel , Marchese, Chiara , Marchetti, Sandrine , Marcucci, F, Mardente, Stefania , Mareninova, Olga A. , Mari, Muriel , Marinelli, Sara , Mariño, Guillermo , Mariotto, Sofia , Martin, Alexandre , Martin, Katie R. , Martin, Sara L. , Martín‐Segura, Adrián , Martin-Burriel, Inmaculada, Martín-Rincón, Marcos , Martín‐Sanz, Paloma , Martinez, Aitor , Martı́nez, Ana , Martinez-Lopez, Nuria, Martínez‐Vicente, Marta , Martins, Daniel Oliveira , Martins, Joilson O. , Martins, Waleska K. , Martins-Marques, Tania, Marzetti, Emanuele , Masaldan, Shashank , Masclaux-Daubresse, Celine, Mashek, Douglas G. , Massa, Valentina , Massieu, Lourdes , Masyuk, Anatoliy I. , Masyuk, Tetyana V., Matheu, Ander , Matoba, Satoaki , Matsuzaki, Sachiko , Mattar, Pamela , Mattè, Alessandro , Mauriz, José L., Mauthe, Mario , Maycotte, Paola , Mayer, Johanna , Mazzoni, Cristina , Mazzulli, Joseph R. , McCarty, Nami , McGill, Mitchell R. , McKenna, Sharon L. , McLoughlin, Fionn , McNiven, Mark A., McWilliams, Thomas G. , Medeiros, Tania , Medina, Diego L., Megeney, Lynn A. , Megyeri, Klára , Mehrpour, Maryam , Mehta, Jawahar L. , Meijer, Alfred J., Mejlvang, Jakob , Meléndez, Alicia , Melk, Annette, Memişoğlu, Gönen , Mendes, A.F. , Meng, Delong , Meng, Fei, Mercier, A., Mergny, Jean‐Louis , Merkley, Seth D. , Meske, Volker, Mestre, Ana Cecilia, Metur, Shree Padma, Meyer, C., Meyer, Hemmo , Mi, Wenyi , Mialet‐Perez, Jeanne , Miao, Jun‐Ying, Micale, Lucia , Miki, Yasuo, Milan, Enrico , Milczarek, Małgorzata , Miller, Samuel I. , Millward, Steven W. , Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Hamid Reza , Mirzaei, Mehdi , Mishra, Amit , Mishra, Nandita , Mishra, Paras Kumar, Misirkić, Maja , Misasi, Roberta, Misra, Amit , Misso, Gabriella , Mitchell, Claire H. , Mitou, Géraldine, Miura, Tetsuji , Miyazaki, Makoto, Miyazaki, Mitsunori , Miyazaki, Taiga , Miyazawa, Keisuke, Mizushima, Noboru , Mogensen, Trine H. , Mohammadinejad, Reza , Mohamud, Yasir , Mohanty, Abhishek , Möhlmann, Torsten , Moley, Kelle H. , Möller, Andreas, Mollereau, Bertrand , Mollinedo, Faustino, Montagna, Costanza , Monteiro, Mervyn J. , Montella, Andrea , Montes, L. Ruth , Montico, Barbara , Mony, Vinod K., Compagnoni, Giacomo Monzio , Moore, Michael N. , Moosavi, Mohammad Amin , Morales‐Álamo, David , Moratalla, Rosario , Moreira, Paula I. , Morelli, Elena , Moreno-Blas, Daniel , Morgan, Alwena H. , Morin, Fabrice , Morishita, Hideaki , Moriyama, Mariko , Moriyasu, Yuji, Morleo, Manuela , Morselli, Eugenia , Moruno-Manchon, Jose F. , Moscat, Jorge , Motori, Elisa , Moura, Andréa Felinto , Mrakovcic, Maria, Muciño-Hernández, Gabriel, Mukherjee, Anupam , Mukhopadhyay, Subhadip , Levy, Jean M. 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Celeste, Nicoli, Francesco , Nieto‐Díaz, Manuel , Niranjan, Rituraj , Nishimune, Hiroshi , Niso-Santano, Mireia, Nixon, Ralph A. , Nobili, Annalisa , Noda, Takeshi , Nogueira-Recalde, Uxía , Nombela, Iván , Novak, Ivana, Novoa, Beatriz , Nukina, Nobuyuki , Nussbaum-Krammer, Carmen, Nylandsted, Jesper , O’Donovan, Tracey R. , O’Leary, Seónadh M. , O’Rourke, Eyleen J. , O’Sullivan, Mary P. , O’Sullivan, Timothy E., Oddo, Salvatore , Oehme, Ina, Ogawa, Michinaga , Ogier‐Denis, Éric , Ögmundsdóttir, Margrét H. , Öğretmen, Besim , Oh, Goo Taeg , Oh, Seon‐Hee , Oh, Young J. , Ohama, Takashi, Ohashi, Yohei , Ohmuraya, Masaki, Oikonomou, Vasileios , Ojha, Rani , Okazawa, Hitoshi , Oku, M., Oliván, Sara , Oliveira, Jorge M.A. , Ollmann, Michael, Olzmann, James A. , Omari, Shakib , Önal, Gizem, Ondrej, Martin , Ong, Sang‐Bing , Onnis, Anna , Orellana, Juan , Orellana‐Muñoz, Sara , Ortega-Villaizán, María del Mar , Ortiz‐González, Xilma R. , Osiewacz, Heinz D. , Osman, Abdel‐Hamid K. , Otsu, Kinya, Ott, Christiane , Ou, Jing-hsiung James, Outeiro, Tiago F., Öztürk, Melek , Pagès, Gilles, Pahari, Susanta , Pajares, Marta, Pal, Rituraj, Paladino, Simona , Palmieri, Michela , Palmisano, Giuseppe , Pan, Qingjun , Pan, Xin , Panasyuk, Ganna , Pandey, Rahul , Pandey, Udai B., Pandya, Vrajesh , Paneni, Francesco , Pang, Shirley Yin-Yu, Papademetrio, Daniela L. , Papinski, Daniel, Papp, Diana , Park, Hwan Tae , Park, Ji-Man, Park, Jong‐In , Park, Junsoo, Park, Sang-Youel, Pasquier, Adrien , Pasquier, Benoit , Passos, João F. , Pastore, Nunzia , Patschan, Daniel , Pattingre, Sophie , Pedraza‐Alva, Gustavo , Pedraza-Chaverri, Jose, Pedrozo, Zully , Pei, Gang , Pei, Jianming , Peled-Zehavi, Hadas, Pellegrini, Joaquín Miguel , Pelletier, Joffrey , Peñalva, Miguel A., Peng, Di , Peng, Ying , Pennuto, Maria , Pentimalli, Francesca , Pereira, Cláudia MF, Pereira, Gustavo J.S. , Pereira, Lílian Cristina , Almeida, Luís Pereira de , Perera, Nirma D. , Pérez-Lara, Ángel, Pérez‐Oliva, Ana B. , Perl, András , Pestell, Richard G. , Petrache, I., Petrovski, Goran , Pfirrmann, Thorsten , Pfister, Astrid S., Pi, Huifeng , Pickrell, Alicia M. , Picot, Sandy, Pierantoni, Giovanna Maria , Pierre, Philippe , Pierrefite‐Carle, Valérie , Pierzynowska, Karolina , Pietruczuk, Mirosława , Pimentel-Muiños, Felipe X., Pinar, Mario , Pinheiro, Roberta Olmo , Pinkas‐Kramarski, Ronit , Pircs, Karolina , Piya, Sujan , Pizzo, Paola , Platta, Harald W. , Plomann, Markus , Pocock, Roger , Pöggeler, Stefanie , Pohl, Christian, Poirot, Marc , Poletti, Angelo , Ponpuak, Marisa , Popelka, Hana , Popova, Bilyana , Porta, Helena, Alcón, Soledad Porte , Portilla-Fernández, Eliana , Potts, Malia B. , Powers, Ted, Prahlad, Veena , Prajsnar, Tomasz K. , Praticò, Domenico , Prencipe, Rosaria, Priault, Muriel , Proikas‐Cezanne, Tassula , Puertollano, Rosa , Puglielli, Luigi, Pulinilkunnil, Thomas , Puri, Deepika , Puri, Rajat, Puyal, Julien , Qi, Yongmei , Quadrilatero, Joe , Quarleri, Jorge, Raben, Nina, Rabinowich, Hannah, Ragona, Debora, Rahmati, Marveh , Raia, Valeria, Raimundo, Nuno , Rajasekaran, Namakkal-Soorappan, Rao, Sriganesh Ramachandra , Rami, Abdelhaq, Ramírez‐Pardo, Ignacio , Ramsden, D. , Randow, Felix , Ranieri, Danilo , Rao, Hai , Rao, Rekha , Rathore, Sumit , Ratnayaka, J. 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M. , Soldati, Thierry , Soler, Rosa M. , Somarelli, Jason A. , Sonawane, Avinash , Song, Fuyong, Song, Hyun Kyu , Song, Kunhua , Sorice, Maurizio , Soukas, Alexander A. , Soukup, Sandra‐Fausia , Sousa, Diana , Sousa, Nadia, Bharath, M. M. Srinivas , Clair, Daret St., Stagni, Venturina, Staiano, Leopoldo , Stankov, Metodi V. , Stathopulos, Peter B. , Stefan, Katja, Stefan, Sven Marcel , Stefanis, Leonidas, Steffan, Joan S. , Steinkasserer, Alexander , Stenmark, Harald, Sterneckert, Jared , Stevens, Craig , Storch, Stephan , Strappazzon, Flavie , Strohecker, Anne M. , Stupack, Dwayne G., Su, Huanxing , Su, Ling‐Yan , Suarez-Fontes, Ana Márcia , Subirada, Paula V., Sudhandiran, Ganapasam, Sue, Carolyn M. , Sui, Xinbing , Summers, Corey M., Sun, Guangchao , Sun, Zhongjie , Sunahara, Karen K. S. , Susztak, Katalin, Šutovský, Peter , Suzuki, Hidekazu , Sweeney, Gary , Symons, J. David , Sze, Stephen Cho Wing , Szewczyk, Nathaniel J. , Tabęcka-Łonczynska, Anna, Tabolacci, Claudio , Taegtmeyer, Heinrich, Tagaya, Mitsuo , Tai, Haoran , Tait, Stephen W. G., Takahashi, Yoshinori , Tam, Chit , Tam, Shing Yau , Tampellini, Davide , Tamura, Atsushi , Tan, Eng-King, Tan, Ya‐Qin , Tanaka, Masaki , Tang, Daolin , Tang, Jingfeng , Tang, Tie-Shan , Tao, Zhipeng , Taouis, Mohammed , Tavernarakis, Nektarios, Taylor, Allen, Teixeira, Natércia , Tekirdağ, Kumsal Ayşe, Tencomnao, Tewin , Tenreiro, Sandra , Tharaux, Pierre‐Louis , Thedieck, Kathrin , Thekkinghat, Arvind A. , Thinwa, Josephine , Thirumalaikumar, Venkatesh P. , Thomes, Paul G. , Thorburn, Andrew , Thum, Thomas, Thumm, Michael , Tian, Ling, Tichý, Aleš , Timmerman, Vincent , Titorenko, Vladimir I. , Toivonen, Janne M. , Tomaipitinca, Luana , Tomar, Dhanendra , Tomás‐Zapico, Cristina , Tomić, Sergej , Tong, Chao, Tong, Xin , Torgersen, Maria L., Torii, Satoru , Torres-López, Liliana , Torriglia, Alicia , Towers, Christina G. , Towns, Roberto, Tran, Quynh‐Giao , Travassos, Leonardo H. , Tremel, Shirley , Trougakos, Ioannis P., Tsao, Betty P. , Tse, Tak Fu, Tsvetkov, Andrey S. , Tumbarello, David A. , Tyler, Jessica K., Tyutereva, Elena V. , Uchiyama, Yasuo , Ugun‐Klusek, Aslihan , Uhlig, Holm H. , Ułamek-Kozioł, Marzena, Ulasov, Ilya V. , Umekawa, Midori, Ungermann, Christian , Urbe, Sylvie, Uribe-Carretero, Elisabet , Uversky, Vladimir N. , Vaccaro, María I. , Vahsen, Björn F. , Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg, Helin, Valdor, Rut , Valente, Maria João , Valko, Ayelén , Vallée, Richard, Valverde, Ángela M. , Berghe, Greet Van den, Veen, Stijn van der , Kaer, Luc Van , Loosdregt, Jorg van , Wijk, Sjoerd J. L. van , Vandenberghe, Wim , Vanhorebeek, Ilse , Vannier-Santos, Marcos A., Vannini, Nicola , Vanrell, M. Cristina, Vantaggiato, Chiara , Varela‐Nieto, Isabel , Varga, Máté , Vasconcelos, M. Helena , Vats, Somya , Vega-Rubín-de-Celis, Silvia , Velasco, Guillermo , Velázquez, Ariadna P., Vellai, Tibor , Vellenga, Edo , Verdier, Mireille , Verginis, Panayotis , Vergne, Isabelle , Verkade, Paul , Verma, Manish , Verstreken, Patrik , Vervliet, Tim , Vervoorts, Jörg , Víctor, Víctor M., Vidoni, Chiara , Vieira, Otília V. , Vierstra, Richard D., Viganò, Sonia , Vihinen, Helena , Vijayan, Vinoy, Vila, Miquel , Villalba, José M., Villalobo, Antonio , Villarejo‐Zori, Beatriz , Vincent, Olivier , Vindis, Cécile , Viret, Christophe , Vocadlo, David J. , Voitsekhovskaja, Olga V. , Volonté, Cinzia , Volta, Mattia , Vomero, Marta , Haefen, Clarissa von, Vooijs, Marc , Voos, Wolfgang , Vučićević, Ljubica , Waguri, Satoshi , Waite, Kenrick A., Wakatsuki, Shuji , Walker, David W., Walker, Mark J. , Walter, Jochen, Wandosell, Francisco , Wang, Bo , Wang, Chao-Yung, Wang, Chen , Wang, Chenran, Wang, Chenwei , Wang, Cun-Yu, Wang, Fengming, Wang, Han, Wang, Hexiang , Wang, Hong‐Gang , Wang, Jianrong, Wang, Jigang , Wang, Jun-Dong , Wang, Kui , Wang, Lianrong, Wang, Liming , Wang, Maggie Haitian, Wang, Meiqing , Wang, Nanbu , Wang, Pengwei , Wang, Ping , Wang, Ping, Wang, Q., Wang, Qiong , Wang, Wentao , Wang, Xinnan, Wang, Xuejun , Wang, Yan, Wang, Yanchang , Wang, Yanzhuang , Wang, Yihua , Wang, Yu , Wang, Yuqi , Wang, Zhe, Wang, Zhenyu , Wang, Zhouguang , Watanabe, Eizo, Watchon, Maxinne , Wawrzyńska, Anna , Weaver, Timothy E., Węgrzyn, Grzegorz, Wehman, Ann M. , Wei, Huafeng , Wei, Taotao , Wei, Yongjie, Weiergräber, Oliver H. , Weihl, Conrad C., Weindl, Günther , Weiskirchen, Ralf , Wen, Runxia H. , Werner, Antonia, Weykopf, Beatrice , Whitton, J. Lindsay , Wiktorska, Katarzyna , Wildenberg, Manon E. , Wileman, Tom, Wilkinson, Simon , Williams, Brett, Williams, Robin S. B. , Williamson, Peter R. , Wilson, Richard A. , Winsor, Nathaniel J. , Wodrich, Harald , Woehlbier, Ute , Wollert, Thomas , Wong, Richard W., Wong, Vincent Kam Wai , Wong, W. Wei-Lynn, Wu, Anguo , Wu, Kenneth K., Wu, Shan‐Ying , Wu, William Ka Kei , Wu, Shufang, Wu, Xiaoqing , Wu, Yao‐Wen , Wu, Yihua , Xavier, Ramnik J. , Xia, Hongguang , Xia, Lixin , Xia, Zhengyuan , Ge, Xiang , Xiang, Jin , Xiang, Mingliang , Xiang, Wei , Xiao, Guozhi , Xiao, Hengyi , Xiao, Hongtao , Xiao, Jian, Xiao, Lan , Xiao, Shi , Xiao, Yin , Xie, Baoming, Xie, Zhiping , Xie, Min , Xie, Yuxiang , Xie, Zhonglin, Xilouri, Maria , Xu, En , Xu, Jin‐Rong , Xu, Liang , Xu, Xiulong , Xue, Yu , Yakhine-Diop, Sokhna M. S. , Yamaguchi, Masamitsu , Yamamoto, Ai , Yamashina, Shunhei, Yan, Shengmin , Yan, Shian-Jang, Yan, Zhen , Yang, Chuanbin , Yang, Dun-Sheng, Yang, Huan , Yang, Huang-Tian, Yang, Hui , Yang, Jing , Yang, Jingyu , Yang, Ling , Liu, Yang , Yang, Ming , Yang, Seungwon, Yang, Shu , Yang, Shun-Fa , Yang, Wannian, Yang, Wei , Yang, Xiaoyong , Yang, Yi , Yao, Xiaoqiang , Yao, Yong-Gang , Yao, Yong-ming, Yasui, Takahiro , Yazdankhah, Meysam, Yi, Cong , Yin, Xiao-Ming , Yin, Yanhai , Yin, Zhangyuan , Yin, Ziyi , Ying, Meidan , Ying, Zheng, Yip, Calvin K. , Yiu, Stephanie Pei Tung , Yoo, Young Hyun , Yoshimori, Tamotsu, Yousefi, Bahman, Yu, Boxuan , Yu, Haiyang , Yu, Jun, Li, Yu , Yu, Ming‐Lung , Yu, Seong-Woon, Yu, Victor C. , Yu, Zhengping, Yuan, Junying , Yuan, Ling‐Qing , Yuan, Shilin , Yuan, Yanggang , Yuan, Zengqiang , Yue, Jianbo , Yue, Zhenyu , Yung, Raymond , Zacks, David, Zaffagnini, Gabriele , Zambelli, Vanessa O. , Zanella, Isabella , Zang, Qun S. , Zanivan, Sara , Zappavigna, Silvia , Zaragoza, P. , Zarbalis, Konstantinos S., Zarebkohan, Amir , Zarrouk, Amira , Zeitlin, Scott, Zeng, Jialiu , Zeng, Judeng , Žerovnik, Eva , Zhan, Lixuan , Zhang, Donna D., Zhang, Hong , Zhang, Honghe , Zhang, Huafeng , Zhang, Huaye, Zhang, Huiling , Zhang, Jianbin , Zhang, Jingpu , Zhang, Kalin Yanbo , Zhang, Leshuai W. , Zhang, Lu , Zhang, Luoying , Zhang, Menghuan, Zhang, Peng , Zhang, Sheng , Zhang, Xiangnan, Zhang, Xiao-Wei, Zhang, Xiaolei , Zhang, Xiaoyan , Zhang, Xin , Zhang, Xinxin , Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yi , Zhang, Yingdong , Zhang, Yuanyuan , Zhang, Yuchen , Zhang, Zhe , Zhang, Zhibing , Zhang, Zili , Zhao, Haobin, Zhao, Lei , Zhao, Shuang , Zhao, Tongbiao , Zhao, Ying, Zhao, Yongchao , Zhao, Yongliang , Zhao, Yuting , Zheng, Guoping , Zheng, Kai, Zheng, Ling , Zheng, Shizhong , Zheng, Xi‐Long , Zheng, Zu‐Guo , Zhivotovsky, Boris, Zhong, Qing , Zhou, Ao, Zhou, Ben , Zhou, Cefan , Zhou, Gang , Zhou, Hongbo , Zhou, Kailiang, Zhou, Rongjia , Zhou, Yanshuang, Zhou, Yinghong , Zhou, Yubin , Zhou, Zhengyu, Zhou, Zhou , Zhu, Binglin , Zhu, Changlian , Zhu, Guo‐Qing , Zhu, Haining , Zhu, Hongxin, Zhu, Yanping , Zhu, Yushan , Zhuang, Haixia , Zhuang, Xiaohong , Zimmermann, Christine , Żołądek, Teresa , Zong, Wei‐Xing, Zorov, Dmitry B. , Zorzano, Antonio, Zou, Weiping, Zou, Zhen , Zou, Zhengzhi, Zuryn, Steven , Kenchappa, Chandra Shekar, Li, Zuguo , Lin, Yong , Sluimer, Judith C. , Stallings, Christina L. , Tong, Chun-Kit, Wang, Ping , Hu, Bo , Lee, Edward B. , Tse, Hung‐Fat , Suszták, Katalin , Lei, Yu Leo , Yu, M-L , Dai, Yun , Bartolome, Alberto , Brown, Rhoderick E , Passos, João F , Paneni, Francesco , Sahin, Özgür , Pereira de Almeida, Luis , Ren, Jun , Bornhauser, Beat , Kumar, Sharad , Sampaio-Marques, Belém , Ludovico, Paula , Luftig, Micah , Begun, Jakob , Krasnodembskaya, Anna D , Dafsari, Hormos Salimi , Chevet, Eric , Tse, Hung-Fat , Barmada, Sami , Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Darius , Cavadas, Claudia , Sue, Carolyn M , Cardenal-Muñoz, Elena , Lee, Edward B , Golebiewska, Anna , Calbet, Jose A L , Boya, Patricia , Maday, Sandra , Klionsky, Daniel J. , Abdelfatah, Sara , Abdoli, Asghar , Agarwal, Anupam , Ahmed, Zubair M. , Alcocer‐Gómez, Elísabet , Ali, Muhammad , Al‐Bari, Md. Abdul Alim , Aliwaini, Saeb H. , Alizadeh, Javad , Almacellas, Eugènia , Almasan, Alexandru , Alonso, G. , Altieri, Dario C. , Andersen, Stig Uggerhøj , Andrade-Silva, Magaiver , Angelini, Sabrina , Apostolova, Nadezda , Arasaki, Kohei , Araújo, Wagner L. , Arden, Catherine , Arimoto, Hirokazu , Armstrong-James, Darius P. H. , Pelloquin, Laetitia , Aschner, Michael , Ashrafizadeh, Milad , Autelli, Riccardo , Aveic, Sanja , Avin‐Wittenberg, Tamar , Ayton, Scott , Backues, Steven K. , Bae, Dong-Hun , Bae, Ok‐Nam , Baek, Ahruem , Baek, Seung‐Hoon , Baek, Sung Hee , Bai, Jie , Bai, Yidong , Baldari, Cosima T. , Balduini, Walter , Ballabio, Andrea , Banerjee, Sreeparna , Bao, Yan , Baptista, Maurı́cio S. , Barreto, George Emilio , Basagoudanavar, Suresh H. , Bast, Robert C. , Basu, Alakananda , Batoko, Henri , Batten, Isabella , Behrens, Georg M. N. , Bei, Roberto , Behl, Christian , Bello‐Morales, Raquel , Beltrán, Sebastián , Bergami, Matteo , Bergmann, Andreas , Berthoux, Lionel , Bhattacharya, Resham , Bhattacharyya, Shalmoli , Bhutia, Sujit Kumar , Bi, Lanrong , Birgisdottir, Åsa Birna , Bjørkøy, Geir , Blomgren, Klas , Boada-Romero, Emilio , Boesze‐Battaglia, Kathleen , Bonifacino, Juan S. , Boone, Brian A. , Borthakur, Gautam , Bosch, Jürgen , Bose, Santanu , Botana, Luis Miguel , Boulton, Michael E. , Bourdenx, Mathieu , Brackney, Doug E. , Brandts, Christian , Braun, Ralf J. , Braus, Gerhard H. , Bravo, Roberto , Brody, Steven L. , Brown, Carolyn Nicole , Brumell, John Hunter , Brunetti‐Pierri, Nicola , Buitrago‐Molina, Laura Elisa , Buraschi, Simone , Buch, Shilpa J. , Butturini, Elena , Cairó, Montserrat , Caldwell, Kim A. , Campbell‐Valois, François‐Xavier , Campello, Silvia , Campesi, Ilaria , Almeida, Danilo Cândido de , Canesi, Laura , Caraglia, Michele , Carchman, Evie H. , Carmona‐Gutiérrez, Didac , Carnevali, Oliana , Carrier, Lucie , Carroll, Bernadette , Carter, A. Brent , Casas, Caty , Castillo, Eliseo F. , Castro‐Caldas, Margarida , Castro‐Obregón, Susana , Catz, Sergio , Cayuela, María Luisa , Cecarini, Valentina , Cecconi, Francesco , Cenci, Simone , Ceperuelo‐Mallafré, Victòria , Cervia, Davide , Chae, Han–Jung , Chakrabarti, Oishee , Chan, Edmond Y. W., Chan, Edward D. , Chandra, Partha Kumar , Chang, Chih‐Peng , Chang, Chunmei , Chapman, Tracey , Chen, Guang‐Chao , Chen, Leilei , Chen, Lin , Chen, Quan , Chen, Ruey‐Hwa , Chen, Shi , Chen, Wei‐Qiang , Chen, Xu , Chen, Yu-Jen , Chen, Yujie , Chen, Zhi , Chen, Zhijian J. , Chen, Zhixiang , Cheng, Hanhua , Cheng, Jun , Cheng, Shi‐Yuan , Cheng, Wei Nee , Cheng, Xiaodong , Chen, Zhong , Cheong, Heesun , Chernyak, Boris V. , Chi, Richard J., Chiang, Aks , Chiarelli, Roberto , Chu, Charleen T. , Chung, Seockhoon , Cianfanelli, Valentina , Cifuentes, Mariana , Cirone, Mara , Clague, Michael J. , Cohen, Ehud , Cohen, Mickaël M. , Čolić, Miodrag J , Combaret, Lydie , Comincini, Sergio , Conte, Andrea, Conti, Fabrizio , Coppens, Isabelle , Corasaniti, Maria Tiziana , Corkery, Dale , Cordes, Nils , Cortese, Katia , Coto‐Montes, Ana M. , Crack, Peter John , Crespo, José L. , Cuadrado, Antonio , Cui, Jun , Cui, Yong , D’Arcangelo, Daniela , D’Lugos, Andrew C. , Dagda, Ruben Karim , Dagdas, Yasin , Daμμe, Markus , Dantuma, Nico P. , Darling, April L. , Dasarathy, Srinivasan , Daumke, Oliver , Davis, Tanja , Amicis, Francesca De , Felice, Francesca De , Franceschi, Lucia De , Milito, Angelo De , Nunzio, Cosimo De , Santi, Mauro De , Debnath, Jayanta , DeBosch, Brian J. , DeGregori, James V. , Rio, Gabriel del , Delbridge, Lea M.D. , Delpino, M. Victoria , Demarchi, Francesca , Dembitz, Vilma , Deng, Zhiqiang , Denton, Donna , Der, Channing J , Deretić, Vojo , Dhiman, Rohan , Bernardo, Diego di , Cristina, Manlio Di , Nardo, Alessia Di, Sano, Federica Di , Diallinas, George , Diaz-Araya, Guillermo, Đikić, Ivan , Ding, Wen‐Xing , Dini, Luciana , Dionne, Marc , Diwan, Abhinav , Dixon, Ian , Djavaheri‐Mergny, Mojgan , Dobrinski, Ina , Dobrovinskaya, Oxana R. , Dobrowolski, Radek , Dobson, Renwick C. J. , Donadelli, Massimo , Dong, Bo, Dötsch, Volker , Dou, Huan , Dridi, Sami , Du, Caigan , Du, Li‐Lin , Dubrovska, Anna , Dunlop, Elaine A. , Dwarakanath, Bilikere Srinivasa Rao , Eftekharpour, Eftekhar , Eichinger, Ludwig , Eissa, N. Tony , Eissa, Sanaa , El‐Naggar, Shahenda , Eliopoulos, Aristides G. , Elks, Philip M. , Emerling, Brooke M. , Engelbrecht, Anna‐Mart , Escobar‐Henriques, Mafalda , Fabriàs, Gemma , Fabrizi, Cinzia , Falkenburger, Björn H. , Fan, Yanbo , Fanto, Manolis , Feng, Du , Feng, Yibin , Feng, Yuchen , Fernández-Checa, José Carlos , Filippi‐Chiela, Eduardo Cremonese , Filomeni, Giuseppe , Fineschi, Vittorio , Flamigni, Flavio , Follo, Carlo , Fon, Edward A , Fornai, Francesco , Fraldi, Alessandro , Franco, Brunella , Franco, Rodrigo , Friedman, Scott L. , Frühbeck, Gema , Fujita, Naonobu , Fujiwara, Yuuki , Fukuda, Mitsunori , Furic, Luc , Fusco, Carmela , Galluzzi, Lorenzo, Gan, Boyi , Gao, Hui , Gao, Shou‐Jiang , Gargini, Ricardo , Garry, Robert F. , Ge, Liang , Ge, Wanzhong , Gelfi, Cecilia , Gentle, Ian Edward , Gewirtz, David A , Ghigo, Alessandra , Giampietri, Claudia , Gibson, Spencer B. , Giniger, Edward , Giorgi, Carlotta , Girão, Henrique , Goldstone, David C. , Gomez‐Puerto, Maria Catalina , Goñi, Félix M. , González‐Hernández, Tomás , Gorbatyuk, Marina S. , Goruppi, Sandro , Gottlieb, Roberta A. , Gozes, Illana , Green, Douglas R. , Grinstaff, Mark W. , Grune, Tilman , Guntur, Anyonya R. , Guo, Lian‐Wang , Gupta, Shashi Kumar , Gustafsson, Åsa B. , Haapasalo, Annakaisa , Hadano, Shinji , Hafrén, Anders , Hall, Belinda S. , Hamann, Andréa , Han, Weidong , Hanson, Phyllis I. , Haroon, Nigil , Harris, James , Hasegawa, Takafumi , Nagoor, Noor Hasima , Hay, Bruce A. , Hayrabedyan, Soren , He, Yu‐Ying , Helgason, G. Vignir , Hergovich, Alexander , Hernández–Gea, Virginia , Heussler, Volker Theo , Hlavacek, William S. , Hobbs, G. Aaron , Hochstrasser, Mark , Hofman, Paul , Holmberg, Carina I. , Hombrebueno, José R. , Hoppe, Thorsten , Horos, Rastislav , Hoshida, Yujin , Hsu, Hsin‐Yun , Hu, Li‐Fang , Hu, Ming Chang , Hu, Ronggui , Hu, Yu‐Chen , Hua, Fang , Hua, Jinlian, Hua, Yingqi , Huang, Canhua , Huang, Chuanxin , Huang, Kun , Huang, Rui , Huber, Tobias Bruno , Humbert, Magali , Hussey, Patrick J. , Hwang, Hui‐Yun , Hwang, Seungmin , Imai, Yuzuru , Iovanna, Juan , Ippolito, Giuseppe , Irazoqui, Javier E. , Ishaq, Mohd, Ishikawa, Makoto , Isidoro, Ciro , Izumi, Masanori , Jäättelä, Marja , Jabir, Majid Sakhi , Jackson, William T. , Jacomin, Anne‐Claire , Jakobi, Arjen J. , Jantsch, Jonathan , Jassey, Alagie , Jean, Steve , Jendelová, Pavla , Jewell, Jenna L. , Ji, Jing , Jiang, Liwen , Jin, Eun‐Jung , Jin, Hongchuan , Jin, Meiyan , Jo, Eun‐Kyeong , Johansen, Terje , Johnson, Gail V.W. , Jolly, Mohit Kumar , Joosten, Leo A. B. , Jordán, Joaquı́n , Joseph, Bertrand , Ju, Dianwen , Ju, Jeong-Sun , Ju, Jingfang , Judith, Delphine , Jung, Yong‐Keun , Kaarniranta, Kai , Kabuta, Tomohiro , Kahana, Alon , Kaminskyy, Vitaliy O. , Kanasaki, Keizo , Kanthasamy, Anumantha G. , Karamouzis, Michalis V. , Karmakar, Parimal , Katare, Rajesh , Kaufmann, Stefan H. E. , Kaushik, Susmita , Kawasaki, Kiyoshi, Ke, Po‐Yuan , Keating, Damien J. , Kehrl, John H. , Keller, Christian W. , Kemper, Jongsook Kim , Kermorgant, Stéphanie , Ketteler, Robin , Khambu, Bilon , Kim, Deok Ryong, Kim, Eun Young , Kim, Jin Kyung , Kim, Jin‐Hoi , Kim, Ju Hwan , Kim, Keun Il , Kim, Peter Kijun , Kinghorn, Kerri J. , Kirkin, Vladimir , Киселев, С. Л. , Kittler, Josef T. , Knorr, Roland L. , Ko, Ben C.B. , Ko, Jiunn‐Liang , Kobayashi, Hotaka , Koenig, Ulrich , Koike, Masato , Kohlwein, Sepp Dieter , Komatsu, Masaaki , Kopp, Benjamin T. , Korcsmaros, Tamas Douglas , Korolchuk, Viktor I. , Kotler, Mónica L. , Koukourakis, Michael Ioannis , Kovács, Tibor, Koya, Daisuke , Kozako, Tomohiro , Krämer, Helmut , Kroemer, Guido , Ktistakis, Nicholas T. , Kuchitsu, Kazuyuki , Kumar, Ashok , Kumar, Deepak, Kundu, Mondira , Kurgan, Lukasz , Kutateladze, Tatiana G. , Kwon, Ho Jeong , Kwon, Taeg Kyu , Kyrmizi, Irene , Spada, Albert R. La , Lai, Zhibing, Lamark, Trond , Lane, Jon D. , Lang, Charles H. , Lange, Carsten, Langel, Ülo , Lapaquette, Pierre , LaRusso, Nicholas F. , Lastres‐Becker, Isabel , Lavandero, Sergio , Law, Hkw , Layfield, Robert , Leduc‐Gaudet, Jean‐Philippe , Lee, He-Jin, Lee, Jae Man , Lee, Jun Hee , Lee, Seung‐Jae , Lee, Ying‐Ray , Lefebvre, Christophe , Legouis, Renaud , Leitinger, Gerd , Lenz, Heinz Josef, León, Yolanda, Leopoldino, Andréia Machado , Leung, Chi-Ting, Levine, Beth , Li, Jing , Li, Ke, Li, Min , Li, Min , Li, Pin‐Lan , Li, Tiangang , Li, Zhiqiang, Lian, Jiqin , Liang, Chengyu, Liang, Qiangrong , Liao, Mingzhi , Lilly, Mary A. , Lin, Liang , Lin, Pei‐Hui , Lin, Xueying , Linden, Rafael , Ling, Shuo‐Chien , Lingor, Paul , Linnemann, Amelia K , Liou, Yih‐Cherng , Lira, Vitor Agnew , Liu, Chunfeng , Liu, Cui Hua , Liu, Hao , Liu, Hsiao‐Sheng , Liu, Julia C. , Liu, Longhua , Liu, Meilian , Liu, Qin , Liu, Xiao-Hong, Liu, Xiaodong , Liu, Xingguo , Liu, Xuedong , Liu, Yang, Liu, Yang, Lizard, Gérard , Llorente, Alicia , Long, Qi , Long, Yun Chau, López, Manuela G. , Lőrincz, Péter , Lovat, Penny E. , Lu, Jin‐Jian , Lum, Julian J., Lünemann, Jan D. , Luo, Shouqing , Ma, Changle , Ma, Mengxiao , Ma, Ning‐Fang , Macián, Fernando , MacKeigan, Jeffrey P. , Majello, Barbara , Malorni, Walter , Mandell, Michael A. , Manjili, Masoud H. , Manjithaya, Ravi R. , Manque, Patrício , Manzoni, Claudia , Mao, Kai, Marconi, Anna Maria , Margeta, Marta , Marinelli, Oliviero , Marshall, Richard Scott , Marten, Mark R. , Martens, Sascha , Martin, Sara, Martín-Acebes, Miguel A. , Martín‐Burriel, Inmaculada , Martina, José A. , Martinet, Wim , Martinez, Jennifer , Martínez‐Velázquez, Moisés , Martinez-Lopez, Nuria, Martins‐Marques, Tânia , Masclaux‐Daubresse, Céline , Masson, Glenn Robert , Masuelli, Laura , Masyuk, Tetyana V., Matarrese, Paola , Mattoscio, Domenico , Mauriz, Jose Luis , Mauvezin, Caroline , Maverakis, Emanual Michael , Mazzoccoli, Gianluigi , McDonald, Christine , McLaughlin, BethAnn , Mechta‐Grigoriou, Fatima , Meijer, Annemarie H. , Meng, Tian, Menna‐Barreto, Rubem F. S. , Menon, Manoj B., Mercer, Carol A. , Mercier, Anne E., Merighi, Adalberto , Merla, Giuseppe , Miller, Dana L. , Miller, Silke , Milošević, Ira , Minina, Elena A. , Mirzaei, Mehdi, Mishra, Paras Kumar , Miyamoto, Shigeki, Miyazawa, Keisuke, Mograbi, Baharia , Mohanty, Abhishek , Mohapatra, Sipra , Mohmmed, Asif , Moles, Anna , Molinari, Maurizio , Mollace, Vincenzo , Møller, Andreas Buch , Mora, Ana Lucia , Mora, Marina, Morelli, Elena, Moreno, Sandra , Moresi, Viviana , Morga, Benjamín , Moritz, Orson L. , Moriyama, Mariko, Mostowy, Serge , Moustaïd‐Moussa, Naïma , Muller, Sylviane , Munjal, Ashok Kumar , Muñoz‐Cánoves, Pura , Münz, Christian , Muratori, Claudia, Murphy, John Patrick , Nabissi, Massimo , Nah, Jihoon , Nakagawa, Ichiro, Nakatogawa, Hitoshi , Nardacci, Roberta , Narita, Masashi , Neri, Luca Maria , Neufeld, Thomas P. , Nezis, Ioannis P. , Ni, Hong‐Min , Nicolao, María Celeste , Nilsson, Per Gunnar , Ning, Shunbin , Nóbrega, Clévio , Nolan, Trevor M. , Novak, Ivana, Nozawa, Takashi , Nussbaum-Krammer, Carmen I. , O’Sullivan, Timothy E., Oehme, Ina , Ohmuraya, Masaki , Okamoto, Koji , Oku, Masahide, Omary, M. 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G.

Autophagy | March 24, 2021 | Volume: 17 | Issue: 1 | Pages: 1-382

10.1080/15548627.2020.1797280 Get It

Inorganic nitrate supplementation attenuates peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity but does not improve cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity in older adults
Bock, Joshua M. , Ueda, Kenichi , Schneider, Aaron , Hughes, William E. , Limberg, Jacqueline K. , Bryan, Nathan S. , Casey, Darren P. , Bock, Joshua , Hughes, William E.

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology | October 2, 2017 | Volume: 314 | Issue: 1 | Pages: H45-H51

10.1152/ajpheart.00389.2017 Get It

Aging is associated with increased peripheral chemoreceptor activity, reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, and attenuation of cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), collectively increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Evidence suggests that NO may attenuate peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity and increase BRS. Exogenous inorganic nitrate ([Formula: see text]) increases NO bioavailability via the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-NO pathway. Our hypothesis was that inorganic [Formula: see text] supplementation would attenuate peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity and enhance spontaneous cardiovagal BRS in older adults. We used a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design in which 13 older (67 ± 3 yr old) adults ingested beetroot powder containing (BRA) or devoid of (BRP) [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] daily over 4 wk. Spontaneous cardiovagal BRS was assessed over 15 min of rest and was quantified using the sequence method. Chemoreflex sensitivity was assessed via ~5 min of hypoxia (10% fraction of inspired O2) and reported as the slope of the relationship between O2 saturation (%[Formula: see text]) and minute ventilation (in l/min) or heart rate (in beats/min). Ventilatory responsiveness to hypoxia was reduced after BRA (from −0.14 ± 0.04 to −0.05 ± 0.02 l·min−1·%[Formula: see text]−1, P = 0.01) versus BRP (from −0.10 ± 0.05 to −0.11 ± 0.05 l·min−1·%[Formula: see text]−1, P = 0.80), with no differences in heart rate responsiveness (BRA: from −0.47 ± 0.06 to −0.33 ± 0.04 beats·min−1·%[Formula: see text]−1, BRP: from −0.48 ± 0.07 to −0.42 ± 0.06 beats·min−1·%[Formula: see text]−1) between conditions (interaction effect, P = 0.41). Spontaneous cardiovagal BRS was unchanged after BRA and BRP (interaction effects, P = 0.69, 0.94, and 0.39 for all, up, and down sequences, respectively), despite a reduction in resting systolic and mean arterial blood pressure in the experimental (BRA) group ( P < 0.01 for both). These findings illustrate that inorganic [Formula: see text] supplementation attenuates peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity without concomitant change in spontaneous cardiovagal BRS in older adults. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Exogenous inorganic nitrate supplementation attenuates ventilatory, but not heart rate, responsiveness to abbreviated hypoxic exposure in older adults. Additionally, inorganic nitrate reduces systolic and mean arterial blood pressure without affecting spontaneous cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity. These findings suggest that inorganic nitrate may attenuate sympathetically oriented pathologies associated with aging.