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Zubbair, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, MAMAND, DOSTE RASHID, Maniya, Muhammad Talha, Mansoor, Farheen, Mansourian, Marjan, Manzoor, Shaista, Marghani, Basma Hamed, Martinez-Piedra, Ramon, Martini, Santi, Martorell, Miquel, März, Winfried, Marzouk, Sammer, Masi, Stefano, Masrouri, Soroush , Maude, Richard J. , Mavrovounis, Georgios, McPhail, Steven M., Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mengistie, Emiru Ayalew, Menon, Tara P., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Mettananda, Chamila Dinushi Kukulege, Metwally, Mohamed M.M., Jonasson, Junmei Miao , Mikrajab, Muhammad Agus Naufal, Minhas, Abdul Mannan Khan, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mitra, Sayan , Mitra, Tridip, Modi, Dhruti, Mohamed, Mona Gamal, Ahmed, Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed, Mohammad, Ameen Mosa , Mohammadi, Saeed, Mohammed, Omer, Mohan, Syam , Molla, Tewodros Shibabaw, Molokhia, Mariam, Moni, Mohammad Ali, Namin, Sara Montazeri , Morovvati, Mahdis, Heris, Reza Mosaddeghi, Motappa, Rohith, Mousavi, Seyed Ahmad , Kiasary, Seyed Mohamad Sadegh Mousavi, Yousefi, Kimia Mozahheb , Mubarik, Sumaira, Munkhsaikhan, Yanjinlkham, Musa, Sani, Mwita, Julius C., Nabipoorashrafi, SeyedAli, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman , Naik, Ganesh R., Naik, Hiten, Nainu, Firzan, Nartey, Yvonne , Nassar, Mahmoud, Natto, Zuhair S., Naureen, Zakira, Nawaiseh, Hala Khaled, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Nayak, Vinod C., Nazari, Mojdeh, Ndakotsu, Andrew , Nega, Amanuel Tebabal , Nega, Mulata H., Negash, Abigia Ashenafi, Negoi, Ionut, Nguyễn, Cao Duy, Nguyen, Cuong Tat , Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien, Nguyen, Nghia Phu , Nguyen, Phat Tuan , Nguyen, Van Thanh, Niazi, Robina Khan, Nomura, Shuhei , Noreen, Mamoona , Nawsherwan, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nugen, Fred, Nur, Aqsha, Odediji, Saheed Adeyinka, Ogunmodede, O.S., Ojedoyin, Olusegun Olatunji , Ojo, Oluwafemi Adeleke , Okati-Aliabad, Hassan, Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Moraes, Olorukooba, Abdulhakeem Abayomi, Ong, Qi Chwen, Orru, H, Ortiz, A., Ortiz-Prado, Esteban, Osborne, Augustus, Osei, George Nkrumah , Ostrominski, John W. , Oumer, Abdu, Ouyahia, Amel, Owolabi, Mayowa O., Oyebola, Kolapo, Ozsahin, Ilker, Anand, Mahesh Padukudru, Palicz, Tamás , Panda, Sujogya Kumar , Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R., Panos, Georgios D., Papadimopoulos, Ilias, Parija, Pragyan Paramita , Parikh, Romil R., Pascucci, Eleonora, Pasovic, Maja , Passera, Roberto, Patel, Mitesh, Patel, Niki Rut, Patel, Satyananda, Patil, Ashlesh, Patil, Shankargouda, Patoulias, Dimitrios, Pattnaik, Snigdha, Toroudi, Hamidreza Pazoki, Pekarcikova, Jarmila, Peprah, Prince, Pereira, Gavin, Pirera, Edoardo , Plotnikov, Evgenii, Poluru, Ramesh, Prasad, Manya, Prashant, Akila, Prates, Elton Junio Sady, Pugliese, Nicola Riccardo, Puvvula, Jagadeesh, Qi, Xiang, Qureshi, Ali, Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman, Raghav, Pankaja, Raghav, Yashpal Singh Raghav, Raghuveer, Pracheth , Rahim, Fakher , Rahim, Hawbash Mohammed-Amin, Rahimi, Sajjad, Rahman, Fryad Majeed, Rahman, M Sajjadur , Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Mosiur, Rajendran, Judah, Rajput, Prashant, Ramasamy, Chitra, Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran, Rao, Asad Gul , Rao, Mithun , Rao, Sowmya J, Rasouli-Saravani, Ashkan, Rath, Shree, Rathi, Isha, Rawaf, David Laith , Rawaf, Salman, Reddy, Murali Mohan Rama Krishna, Rezaei, Mina, Rezaei, Nazila, Rezaeian, Mohsen , Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia, Roever, Leonardo, Ross, Allen Guy Patrick, Rubeshkumar, Polani, Rwegerera, Godfrey Mutashambara , Saad, Aly M. A., Sabet, Cameron John, Sadarangani, Kabir P., Rafiei, Seyed Kiarash Sadat, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Erfan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Sadek, Bassem, Sadek, Mustafa, Sadr, Hossein, Saeb, Mohammad Reza, Saeed, Umar, Saeedi, Maryam , Safiullah, Muhammad , Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sajadi, S Mohammad, Saleh, Mohamed A., Salehi, Mahdi , Salimi, Sohrab, Samargandy, Saad, Samy, Abdallah M., Saravanan, Aswini , Sarfo, Jacob Owusu, Sarode, Gargi Sachin, Sarode, Sachin C., Sathian, Brijesh, Far, Mehrdad Savabi, Schlaich, Markus P., Schuermans, Art, Sejben, Anita, Semreen, Mohammad H., Senol, Yigit Can, Sessa, Francesco, Sewor, Christian , Seylani, Allen, Shahrahmani, Fatemeh, Shahwan, Moyad Jamal, Sham, Sunder, Shan, Dan, Sharifan, Amin , Sharma, Kamal, Sharma, Ravi Kumar, Sharma, Ujjawal , Shehzadi, Somia , Shetty, Mahabalesh, Shetty, Pavanchand H, Shi, Fanchao , Shi, Huizhong , Shi, Yongfeng, Shiri, Rahman , Shittu, Aminu, Shiue, Ivy, Shoaib, Ambreen, Shool, Sina, Shorofi, Seyed Afshin, Shuval, Kerem, Sia, Ching-Hui, Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues, Singh, Amit, Singh, Baljinder, Singh, Harmanjit, Singh, Harpreet, Singh, Lucky, Singh, Paramdeep, Singh, Siddharth , Singh, Sunil Kumar, Singh, Surjit, Singh, Vanshika , Sinha, Mukesh Kumar, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Sokhal, Balamrit Singh , Sood, Prashant , Soraneh, Soroush , Sorensen, Reed J D , Srivastav, Prateek , Stanikzai, Muhammad Haroon , Starodubova, Antonina V., Stubbs, Peter, Suhag, Alisha, Sulaiman, Sahabi K., Odidi, Muritala Suleiman, Sulistiyorini, Desy , Sun, Jing , Sun, Zhong, Szarpak, Lukasz, Ty, Sree Sudha, Damavandi, Payam Tabaee, Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad, Tabatabai, Shima, Tagiisuran, Balamurugan, Ali, Eman Taha Osman, Soodejani, Moslem Taheri, Taiba, Jabeen, Tajabadi, Shima, Talic, Stella, Talukder, Ashis, Adugna, Dessalegn Tamiru, Tampa, Mircea, Tan, Jianye, Tanabayeva, Dariga, Tanashat, Mohammad , Tang, Jiahao , Tantisattamo, Ekamol, Tariq, Saba, Temsah, Reem, Teramoto, Masayuki, Tesfamariam, Wegen Beyene , Tewari, Jay , Thakar, Vidhi, Thangavelu, Lakshmi, Tharwat, Ismaeel, Thiruvengadam, Muthu , Thomas, Nikhil Kenny, Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera, Tiwari, Krishna, Tleshev, Madi, Tonelli, Marcello, Topór-Mądry, Roman , Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Tran, An Thien, Tran, Thang Huu, Duc, Nguyen Tran Minh , Tricò, Domenico , Tse, Gary, Tseriotis, Vasilis-Spyridon, Tualeka, Abdul Rohim , Tye, Sok Cin , Ullah, Riaz, Umair, Muhammad, Umar, Lawan , Ozsahin, Dilber Uzun, Uzunçıbuk, Hande, Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj , Vakili, Omid , Eynde, Jef Van den, Varghese, Joe, Vellingiri, Balachandar, Verma, Poonam, Villalobos-Daniel, Victor E., Vlassov, Vasily, Wang, Nelson, Wang, Qingzhi, Wang, Wanzhou, Wang, Wei, Wang, Yanzhong, Wang, Zhihua, Wani, Tanveer A.A., Wei, Melissa Y., Weintraub, Robert G., Wibowo, Yohanes Cakrapradipta, Wickramasinghe, Dakshitha Praneeth, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Witts, William Kwame , Wonde, Tewodros Eshete , Wongsin, Utoomporn , Wu, Peng, Xiao, Guangqin, Xie, Wanqing , Xu, Suowen, Xu, Wanqing, Yadav, Vikas , Yahoo, Saba, Yang, Hanwen, Yano, Yuichiro , Yao, Haiqiang , Yarahmadi, Amir, Yin, Dehui , Yismaw, Yazachew Engida, Yon, Dong Keon, Yu, Chuanhua, Yu, Elaine A., Yu, Hairui , Yu, Yong , Yuan, Quan, Zafar, Mubashir , Zaghampour, Manijeh, Zamora, Nelson, Zanghì, Aurora , Zargar, Seema , Zeariya, Mohammed G M, Zeru, Eyael M, Zhang, Beijian, Zhang, Hanyu, Zhang, Julio Min Fei, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhang, Zhichang, Zhanuzakov, Murat , Zhao, Zhongyi, Zheng, Ming‐Hua , Zhong, Anthony , Zhong, Claire Chenwen, Zhou, Hao, Zhou, Jiayan, Zhou, Xiao-Dong, Zhu, Zhengyang , Zhumagaliuly, Abzal, Zitoun, Osama A. , Zoghi, Ghazal , Zoromba, Mohamed Ali, Zumla, Alimuddin, Zyoud, Sa’ed H., Hay, Simon I., Mokdad, Ali H., Murray, Christopher J. L., Roth, Gregory A., Sun, Zhong , Hay, Simon I , Roever, Leonardo , Krishan, Kewal , Moni, Mohammad Ali , Buendía, Jefferson Antonio , Badar, Muhammad , Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana , Nassar, Mahmoud , Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman , Naik, Ganesh R. , Wang, Yanzhong , Rath, Shree , Karakasis, Paschalis , Zheng, Ming-Hua , Taiba, Jabeen , Razo, Christian , DeCleene, Nicole K., LeGrand, Kate E , Abaraogu, Ukachukwu Okoroafor , ElHafeez, Samar Abd , Abdelmasseh, Michael , Abdelnabi, Mahmoud , Abd‐Elsalam, Sherief , Elshenawy, Rasha Abdelsalam , Abdelwahab, Siddig İbrahim , Abdolizadeh, Ali , Abdollahi, Arash, Abdoun, Meriem , Abdrabou, Mostafa M. , Abdulah, Deldar Morad , Abdullahi, Auwal , Shenkut, Melese, Abiodun, Olugbenga Olusola , Abiodun, Olumide A , Abohashem, Shady , Abtahi, Dariush , Farha, Rana Kamal Abu , Abubakar, Bilyaminu , Abuhelwa, Ahmad Y. , Abukhadijah, Hana J , Aburuz, Salahdein , Adamu, Nuhu Lawan , Adane, Mesafint Molla , Addo, Isaac Yeboah , Adedokun, Kamoru Ademola , Adekola, Saheed Ayodeji, Adesina, Miracle Ayomikun , Adisu, Molalign Aligaz , Adnan, Mohd , Afoakwah, Clifford , Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika, Afrifa‐Yamoah, Ebenezer , Afzal, Saira , Agordoh, Percival Delali , Ahmad, Aqeel , Ahmad, Khabir , Ahmad, Sajjad , Ahmed, Gasha Salih, Ahmed, Nesredin , Ajami, Marjan , Akhtar, Muhammad Nadeem , Akindele, Mukadas Oyeniran , Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed , Akyea, Ralph Kwame , Zoubi, Mohammad Ahmmad Mahmoud Al, Alalwan, Tariq A. , Al‐Aly, Ziyad , Al-Amri, Issa Sulaiman , Alanzi, Turki Matar Khalaf, Al-Ashwal, Fahmi Y. , Al‐Azayzih, Ahmad , Al-Azzam, Sayer , Al-Bashaireh, Ahmad M. , ALBashtawy, Mohammed , Aleidi, Shereen M. , Algahtani, Fahad D. , AlHabib, Khalid F. , Ali, Abid , Ali, Asgar , Ali, Bassam R. , Al‐Iede, Montaha , Alif, Sheikh Mohammad , Alipour, Morteza, Al‐Jabi, Samah W. , Aljunid, Syed Mohamed , Alkubati, Sameer Abdulmalik , Almagharbeh, Wesam Taher , Almahmeed, Wael , Almazan, Joseph Uy , Alniss, Hasan Yaser , Alomari, Mahmoud A. , Alotaibi, Haifa F. , Alqahtani, Saleh A. , Alqudimat, Mohammad R. , Al-Qudimat, Ahmad Rajeh , Al‐Raddadi, Rajaa , Alsbou, Mohammed , Alshahrani, Najim Zafer , Al-Shami, Ali Salman , Altaf, Awais , Althobiani, Malik A , Alwafi, Hassan , Al‐Worafi, Yaser Mohammed , Aly, Hany Z. , Al‐Zalabani, Abdulmohsen H. , Alzoubi, Abdallah , Alzoubi, Karem Hasan , Amafah, Joy, Amin, Amr , Amini, Saeed, Amini‐Salehi, Ehsan , Amusa, Ganiyu , Ang, Song Peng , Anieto, Ebuka Miracle , Anil, Abhishek , Anjana, Dr. Prapti, Anvari, Saeid, Appati, Walter , Arabloo, Jalal , Arafat, Mosab , Areda, Demelash, Arefnezhad, Reza , Torre, Jorge Arias de la, Aripov, Timur , Arockiaraj, Jesu , Asdaq, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin , Ashraf, Syed Amir , Ashraf, Tahira , Ataç, Ömer , Athar, Mohammad , Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin , Aurangzeb, Khursheed , Awan, Sana Javaid , Awol, Kemal Lemnuro, Awotidebe, Adedapo Wasiu , Aylı, Berrak Itır , Azarboo, Alireza , Aziz, Sadat Abdulla , Azzolino, Domenico , Babu, Abraham Samuel , Babu, Giridhara R. , Badiye, Ashish , Baghlaf, Khlood K , Baig, Atif Amin , Bakhshali, Mohamad Amin , Banach, Maciej , Banik, Palash Chandra , Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat , Barrow, Amadou , Barua, Lingkan , Bashir, Shahid , Bashiri, Azadeh , Bastan, Mohammad‐Mahdi , Bayih, Mulat Tirfie , Beeraka, Narasimha Murthy , Begum, Tahmina , Behera, Priyamadhaba , Behnam, Babak , Ramírez, Diana Fernanda Bejarano , Belo, Luı́s , Berihun, Abiye Assefa , Bhattacharjee, Priyadarshini , Bhatti, Gurjit Kaur , Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh , Biswas, Atanu , Biswas, Bijit , Bizzozero‐Peroni, Bruno , Bodur, Mahmut , Bogale, Sitotaw Kerie , Bohn, Lucimére , Boloor, Archith , Carvajal, Alejandro Botero , Boudalia, Sofiane , Bugiardini, Raffaele , Busch, Felix , Bustanji, Yasser, Campos, Luciana Aparecida , Catapano, Alberico Luigi , Cegolon, Luca , Cenko, Edina , Cerin, Ester , Chakraborty, Chiranjib , Chandika, Rama Mohan , Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K , Chandrasekaran, Baskaran , Chattu, Vijay Kumar , Chaudhary, Anis Ahmad , Chaudhuri, Sirshendu , Cheema, Asad Ali Ahmed , Chichagi, Fatemeh , Ching, Patrick R , Cho, William C.S., Choi, Dong‐Woo , Chong, Bryan , Chopra, Deepti , Chopra, Hitesh , Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan , Chu, Dinh‐Toi , Chukwu, Chidozie Williams , Chung, Sheng‐Chia , Chung, S. Y. , Cicero, Arrigo F.G. , Cosma, Claudia , Criqui, Michael H. , Dadras, Omid , Dai, Xiaochen , Dai, Zhaoli , Dalakoti, Mayank , D’Amico, Emanuele , Tesfa, Endalamaw , Danpanichkul, Pojsakorn , Darcho, Samuel Demissie , Davletov, Dimash , Davletov, Kairat , Dejenie, Tadesse Asmamaw , Bo’, Cristian Del , Delgado‐Enciso, Iván , Denova‐Gutiérrez, Edgar , Dergaa, Ismail , Dervišević, Emina , Devegowda, Devananda , Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman , Dhimal, Meghnath , Dhungel, Bibha , Do, Thanh Chi, Phuong, Thao Huynh, Doshi, Ojas Prakashbhai , Doshi, Rajkumar , Dourado, Paulo Magno Martins , Dowou, Robert Kokou , Du, Mi , Duncan, Bruce Bartholow , Durães, André Rodrigues , Ebohon, Osamudiamen , Eftekhari, Behrad , Eladl, Mohamed Ahmed , Eldaboush, Ahmed , Elgendy, Islam Y. , Elhadi, Muhammed , El‐Huneidi, Waseem , Elmonem, Mohamed A. , Elmoselhi, Adel B. , Fabin, Natalia , Fadaka, Adewale Oluwaseun , Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis , Fakorede, Sodiq , Fatima, Zareen , Fayaz, Mohammad , Fazylov, Timur, Fernández‐Jiménez, Rodrigo , Fischer, Florian, Fogacci, Federica , Foschi, Matteo , Gadanya, Muktar A., Gajdács, Márió , Galali, Yaseen , Ganesan, Balasankar , Gangachannaiah, Shivaprakash , Gašević, Danijela , Habtemichael, Mizan , Getacher, Lemma , Jolfayi, Amir Ghaffari , Ghamkhar, Arin, Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed , Ghimire, Sailaja, Ghith, Nermin , Gil, Artyom , Gill, Paramjit Singh , Gnedovskaya, Elena V. , Goh, Lay Hoon , Gohari, Kimiya, Golechha, Mahaveer , Goulart, Alessandra C. , Goyal, Aman , Grada, Ayman , Gu, Long , Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen , Guha, Avirup , Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga , Gupta, Rajeev , Gurgoglione, Filippo Luca , Guzmán-Esquivel, José , Guzmán-Muñoz, Eduardo , Haghtalab, Arian , Halder, Pritam , Hamdy, Nadia Μ. , Hammad, Eman A. , Hanif, Asif , Hanifi, Nasrin , Hankey, Graeme J. , Harsini, Sara , Hartmann, Phillipp , Hasan, Ikramul , Hashempur, Mohammad Hashem , Hassan, Amr , Hassan, Ibrahim Nagmeldin , Hayat, Khezar , Hezam, Kamal , Hiraike, Yuta , Holla, Ramesh , Hostiuc, Sorin , Htay, Mila Nu Nu , Huang, Junjie, Hushmandi, Kiavash , Hwang, Bing‐Fang , Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel , Ibrahim, Khalid S. , Ibrayeva, Anel , Ikram, Jibran, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen , Ilić, Irena , Ilić, Milena , Imodoye, Sikiru O. , Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja , Ionescu, Radu Tudor, Iqhrammullah, Muhammad , Irham, Lalu Muhammad , Ishaqui, Azfar Athar , Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah , Ismoldayev, Yerlan, Isola, Gaetano , Izquierdo‐Condoy, Juan S. , Jacob, Jaison , Jahanshahi, Ali , Jamal, Armaan , Jamali, Navid , James, Jerin , Jamshidi, Masoud , Jawaid, Talha, Jayasinghe, Yovanthi Anurangi , Jemal, Mohammed , Jeong, Seogsong , Jeswani, Bijay Mukesh , Jibat, Nathan Tolemariam , Jokar, Mohammad , Joó, Tamás , Joseph, Akaninyene Paul , Joseph, Mickaël Antoine , Joseph, Nitin , Joshi, Krupal , Jürisson, Mikk , K, Vaishali , Kakkar, Ashish Kumar , Kalani, Rizwan , Kalavani, Khalil , Kalra, Sanjay , Kamorudeen, Ramat T. , Kamyshnyi, Oleksandr , Kanaan, Saddam Fuad , Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem , Kantar, Rami S. , Kapoor, Neeti , Karajizadeh, Mehrdad , Karakasis, Paschalis , Karasneh, Reema A. , Kashoo, Faizan , Kashyap, Manoj Kumar , Kausar, Mohd Adnan , Kazemian, Sina , Kebede, Yabets Tesfaye , Kesse‐Guyot, Emmanuelle , Khademi, Reza , Khader, Yousef , Khajuria, Himanshu , Khaleel, Anas , Khalid, Sidra , Khalili, Anita , Khalili, Pantea , Khan, Maseer , Khan, Mohammad Idreesh , Khasbage, Sameer Uttamaro , Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad , Khosla, Pavan , Khosravi, Sepehr , Kimokoti, Ruth W , Kısa, Adnan , Kishore, Ladli , Kivimäki, Mika , Kokkorakis, Michail , Kolahi, Ali‐Asghar , Kompani, Farzad , Kondybayeva, Аida , Korzh, Oleksii , Kostev, Karel , Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane , Kua, Chong-Han , Kuddus, Mohammed , Kumar, Chandan , Kumar, G Anil , Kumar, Jogender , Kumar, Laksh , Kundu, Amartya , Kundu, Satyajit , Kunutsor, Setor K. , Kurniasari, Maria Dyah , Kytö, Ville , Lahariya, Chandrakant , Lakanova, Balzhan, Lantos, Tamás , Larebo, Yilma Markos , Lasrado, Savita , Lee�, HwaMin , Lee, Wei‐Chen , Leivaditis, Vasileios , Lenjisa, Jimma Likisa , Li, Ming‐Chieh , Li, Qiang , Li, Shaojie , Lim, Lee-Ling , Lodhi, Madeeha Shahzad , Lokunarangoda, Niroshan Chandrajith , López-Gil, José Francisco , Lorkowski, Stefan , Lucchetti, Giancarlo , Lui, Pauline Po Yee , Lv, Lei , Lytvyak, Ellina , Amin, Hawraz Ibrahim M. , Maffia, Pasquale , Magaña‐Gómez, Javier A. , Mahalleh, Mehrdad , Malik, Ahmad Azam , Malik, Tabarak , Malta, Déborah Carvalho , Mamand, Doste R. , Maniya, Muhammad Talha , Mannethodi, Kamaruddeen , Mansoor, Farheen, Mansourian, Marjan , Maqsood, Kaleem , Marateb, Hamid Reza , Marghani, Basma H. , Marino, Mirko , Martínez, Ramón , Martini, Daniela , Martini, Santi , Martorell, Miquel , März, Winfried , Marzouk, Sammer , Masi, Stefano , Mathur, Neeta , Matozinhos, Fernanda Penido , Mattiello, Rita , Mavrovounis, Georgios , McPhail, Steven , Mehto, Subhash , Meles, Hadush Negash , Menezes, Godfred Antony , Menon, Tara Pattilachan, Mensah, George A. , Merlino, Giovanni , Meštrović, Tomislav , Mettananda, Chamila Dinushi Kukulege , Mettananda, Sachith , Metwally, Mohamed M M, Mikrajab, Muhammad Agus, Minhas, Abdul Mannan Khan , Mittal, Madhukar , Mohamed, Nouh Saad , Ahmed, Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Mohammad, Taj , Mohammadi, Abbas , Mohammadi, Mokhtar , Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah , Mohsen, Yazan , Shibabaw, Tewodros , Molokhia, Mariam , Monazzami, Amirabbas , Ghalibaf, AmirAli Moodi , Morovvati, Mahdis, Motappa, Rohith , Mozafar, Mehrdad , Mubarik, Sumaira , Muhammad, Jibran Sualeh , Munkhsaikhan, Yanjinlkham, Munshi, Anjana , Musa, Sani , Muthu, Sathish , Mwita, Julius Chacha , Myung, Woojae , Nainu, Firzan , Nargus, Shumaila , Nasrollahizadeh, Amir , Nassar, Mahmoud, Nauman, Javaid , Navaratna, Samidi Nirasha Kumari , Nawaiseh, Hala K. , Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Nega, Mulata Haile , Negash, Abigia Ashenafi , Negoi, Ionuţ , Abadi, Reza Nejad Shahrokh , Nematollahi, Mohammad Hadi , Nieddu, Luciano , Nketia, Richmond , Noubiap, Jean Jacques , Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi , Ntsekhe, Mpiko , Nugen, Fred , Oancea, Bogdan , Odat, Ramez M. , Oddi, Fabio Massimo , Oh, In‐Hwan , Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul , Okonji, Osaretin Christabel , Olorukooba, Abdulhakeem Abayomi , Ong, Qi Chwen , Ordak, Michał , Orscelik, Atakan , Ortiz‐Prado, Esteban , Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi , Oumer, Abdu , Ouyahia, Amel , Özşahin, İlker , Padrón‐Monedero, Alicia , Padubidri, Jagadish Rao , Panos, Georgios D. , Papa, Mario Virgilio , Pardhan, Shahina , Passera, Roberto , Patel, Kunal Nitinkumar , Patel, Neel Navinkumar , Patel, Satyananda, Patil, Shankargouda, Patoulias, Dimitrios , Pattnaik, Snigdha, Toroudi, Hamidreza Pazoki, Pekarčíková, Jarmila , Peprah, Prince , Pereira, Gavin, Perico, Norberto , Perna, Simone , Petermann‐Rocha, Fanny , Pirnejad, Habibollah , Plotnikov, Evgenii, Poddighe, Dimitri , Poluru, Ramesh , Porntaveetus, Thantrira , Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh , Prasad, Manya , Prashant, Akila , Pugliese, Nicola Riccardo , Puvvula, Jagadeesh , Qiu, Jia-Yong , Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman, Raghav, Pankaja Raghav, Rahamon, Sheu Kadiri , Rahim, Hawbash Mohammed-Amin , Rahimi, Sajjad , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz , Raj, Jeffrey Pradeep , Raja, Adarsh , Rajendran, Judah , Rajput, Prashant , Ramadan, Mahmoud M. , Ramasamy, Chitra, Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran, Rashedi, Vahid , Rasouli‐Saravani, Ashkan , Rath, Shree , Rathi, Isha , Rathish, Devarajan , Rauniyar, Santosh Kumar , Rawassizadeh, Reza , Ray, Asit , Redwan, Elrashdy M , Rehman, Najeeb Ur , Remuzzi, Giuseppe , Rezaei, Nazila , Romadlon, Debby Syahru , Romoli, Michele , Rony, Moustaq Karim Khan , Ross, Allen Guy , Roy, Sharmistha , Roy, Shubhanjali , Russo, Michele , Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed , Sabet, Cameron John , Sadarangani, Kabir P. , Rafiei, Seyed Kiarash Sadat , Saddique, Muhammad Nabeel , Sadee, Bashdar Abuzed , Sadeghi, Masoumeh , Sadek, Bassem Shaban , Sadr, Hossein, Saeb, Mohammad Reza , Saeed, Mοhd , Saeedi, Maryam , Saghazadeh, Amene , Sagoe, Dominic , Sah, Ashok Kumar , Sharif‐Askari, Fatemeh Saheb , Sahebkar, Amirhossein , Sajadi, S. Mohammad, Sajid, Mirza Rizwan , Saki, Morteza , Sakshaug, Joseph W. , Salami, Afeez Abolarinwa , Saleem, Rahman Shah Zaib , Salihu, Abubakar Tijjani , Salimi, Sohrab , Samargandy, Saad J. , Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo , Samy, Abdallah M., Sarfo, Jacob Owusu , Sarmadi, Mohammad , Sarode, Gargi Sachin , Sassano, Michele , Sathian, Brijesh , Narayanan, Mukesh Kumar Sathya , Schlaich, Markus P. , Schuermans, Art , Schwarz, Ghil , Sejben, Anita , Selvaraj, Siddharthan , Semreen, Mohammad H. , Şenol, Yiğit Can , Şerban, Dragoş , Sethi, Yashendra , Setiawan, Christianus Heru , Shahid, Samiah , Shahini, Endrit , Shahrahmani, Fatemeh, Shahwan, Moyad Jamal , Shamim, Muhammad Aaqib , Shamsi, Anas , Shan, Dan, Shanawaz, Mohd , Shannawaz, Mohammed , Sharif, Nadim , Sharma, Bhoopesh Kumar , Sharma, Bunty, Sharma, Manoj , Sharma, Vishal , Shastry, Shamee , Sheidaei, Ali , Shenoy, Rekha R. , Shimels, Tariku , Shittu, Aminu , Shoaib, Ambreen , Shool, Sina , Shrestha, Sunil , Shuval, Kerem , Sia, Ching‐Hui , Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar , Siddiqi, Ahmed Kamal , Siddiqua, Ayesha , Silva, Diego Augusto Santos , Simkhada, Padam Prasad , Singh, Amit Kumar, Singh, Baljinder, Singh, Harpreet, Singh, Jasvinder A. , Singh, Lucky, Singh, Poornima Suryanath , Singh, Puneetpal , Sinha, Mukesh Kumar , Sinha, Ratnesh , Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich , Sorrentino, Michele , Spartalis, Michael , Stachteas, Panagiotis , Владимировна, Стародубова Антонина, Straube, Sebastian , Stubbs, Peter W. , Su, Chen‐Yang , Subramaniyan, Vetriselvan , Suhag, Alisha , Sulaieva, Oksana , Sun, Jing , Swain, Chandan Kumar , Szarpak, Łukasz , Y, Sree Sudha T, Damavandi, Payam Tabaee , Tabarés‐Seisdedos, Rafael , Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed‐Amir , Tabche, Celine , Tadele, Afework , Ali, Eman T. , Soodejani, Moslem Taheri , Tajabadi, Shima, Talic, Stella , Talukder, Ashis , Zadeh, Seyed Saeed Tamehri , Tampa, Mircea Ştefan , Tantisattamo, Ekamol , Tariku, Mengistie Kassahun , Tavangar, Seyed Mohammad , Tedla, Mebrahtu G. , Teramoto, Masayuki , Tesfu, Azimeraw Arega , Tharwat, Ismaeel, Tharwat, Samar , Thienemann, Friedrich , Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer , Tleshev, Madi, Tomo, Sojit , Tonelli, Marcello , Touvier, Mathilde , Tran, An Thien, Tran, Thang Huu, Tristan, Christopher Daniel , Tse, Gary , Tseriotis, Vasilis‐Spyridon , Udoakang, Aniefiok John , Ullah, Atta , Ullah, Saeed , Umair, Muhammad, Upadhya, Dinesh , Upadhyay, Era , Usman, Jibrin Sammani , Ozsahin, Dilber Uzun , Uzunçıbuk, Hande , Varghese, Joe , Vasankari, Tommi Juhani , Vellingiri, Balachandar , Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy , Verma, Akshaya Kumar , Villalobos-Daniel, Victor Eduardo , Wan, Jin‐Yi , Wang, Cong , Wang, Nelson , Wang, Shaopan , Wang, Shu , Wang, Youxin , Wani, Tanveer A. , Waqar, Ahmed Bilal , Weintraub, Robert G, Wibowo, Yohanes Cakrapradipta, Wicaksana, Anggi Lukman , Wickramasinghe, Dakshitha Praneeth , Wilandika, Angga , Xu, Site , Xu, Suowen , Xu, Xiaoyue , Yadegar, Amirhossein , Yahoo, Saba, Yamagishi, Kazumasa , Yaribeygi, Habib , Yesuf, Subah Abderehim , Yon, Dong Keon , Yonemoto, Naohiro , Yuan, Quan, Yuzbashian, Emad , Zamagni, Giulia , Zawiah, Mohammed , Zeariya, Mohammed G M, Zeru, Eyael M, Zhang, Casper J. P. , Zhong, Claire Chenwen , Zhou, Xiao-Dong, Zhumagaliuly, Abzal , Zoromba, Mohamed Ali , Zumla, Alimuddin I. , Zyoud, Ahed H. , Zyoud, Shaher H. , Mokdad, Ali H. , Murray, Christopher J. L., Roth, Gregory A.
JAMA | July 29, 2026 | Volume: No volume available | Issue: No issue available | Pages: No page available
Importance Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of premature death worldwide. Assessing the LDL-C–related burden is critical for guiding prevention and treatment strategies. Objectives To estimate the global, regional, and national burden of ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke attributable to elevated LDL-C (relative to 35-54 mg/dL) from 1990 to 2023 and to quantify the contributions of population growth, aging, risk-deleted burden, and exposure changes to burden trends. Design, Setting, and Population This comparative risk assessment, part of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023, estimated population-level LDL-C exposure and associated health loss in 204 countries and territories. Mean LDL-C levels were estimated using spatiotemporal gaussian process regression based on 806 studies across 161 countries. Relative risks were derived from meta-analyses of 38 randomized clinical trials. Population-attributable fractions for deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were estimated by age and sex for adults aged 25 years or older from 1990 to 2023, with 95% uncertainty intervals. Exposure Population-level LDL-C concentrations. Main Outcomes and Measures Population-attributable fractions, counts, and rates (all ages and age standardized per 100 000) of LDL-C–attributable deaths and DALYs from ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke, with uncertainty intervals. Results In 2023, elevated LDL-C accounted for 3.6 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval, 2.2-5.4 million; 6.0% of global mortality) and 90.7 million DALYs (95% uncertainty interval, 58.9-123.3 million; 3.2% of DALYs). Although global all-ages rates remained stable, age-standardized death and DALY rates decreased by 45.6% and 39.5%, respectively, since 1990. In 2023, age-standardized LDL-C–attributable DALY rates were highest in Eastern Europe and lowest in high-income Asia-Pacific. One-third of the global LDL-C burden occurred in India and China. Population growth and aging drove the increasing burden, with notable regional disparities in LDL-C exposure and risk-deleted DALY rates shifting toward middle-sociodemographic settings. Conclusions and Relevance Despite declining age-standardized rates, the absolute LDL-C burden has increased since 1990 due to demographic changes and has shifted toward middle-sociodemographic countries. Measurement and surveillance gaps persist. Strengthened prevention, diagnosis, and treatment access strategies are essential to mitigate the health burden of LDL-C.
Inflammatory bowel disease‐associated serrated lesions with dysplasia are frequently associated with advanced neoplasia: supporting a unified classification approach
Bahceci, Dorukhan , Sejben, Anita , Yassan, Lindsay , Miller, Gregory , Liao, Xiaoyan , Ko, Huaibin M. , Salomao, Marcela , Yozu, Masato , Lauwers, Gregory Y. , Choi, Won‐Tak , Ko, Huaibin Mabel , Salomao, Marcela , Liao, Xiaoyan
Histopathology | March 19, 2025 | Volume: 87 | Issue: 3 | Pages: 408-423
AimsInflammatory bowel disease (IBD)‐associated serrated lesions are categorized into three distinct subtypes: traditional serrated adenoma (TSA)‐like lesion, sessile serrated lesion (SSL)‐like lesion, and serrated lesion, not otherwise specified (NOS). Although the risk of neoplastic progression of serrated lesions without dysplasia has not been shown to exceed that of sporadic cases, the clinicopathologic features of the three serrated subtypes with dysplasia remain poorly understood in the context of IBD.Methods and ResultsWe analysed 87 serrated lesions with dysplasia (collectively referred to as serrated dysplasia) identified endoscopically in 58 IBD patients, including 51 (59%) TSA‐like dysplasia, 24 (28%) SSL‐like dysplasia, and 12 (14%) serrated dysplasia NOS. Inclusion criteria required all three serrated subtypes to show morphologic evidence of dysplasia and to be located within areas of colitis. We also compared the clinicopathologic features of serrated dysplasia with those of 239 conventional (adenomatous) dysplastic lesions from 149 IBD patients. The cohort included 39 (67%) men and 19 (33%) women, with a mean age of 54 years and a mean IBD duration of 20 years. Most patients had ulcerative colitis (n = 41; 71%) and pancolitis (n = 48; 83%). The majority of serrated lesions with dysplasia had a polypoid or visible endoscopic appearance (n = 73; 84%), with a mean size of 1.4 cm, and were found in the left colon (n = 66; 76%). Most lesions (n = 73; 84%) demonstrated low‐grade dysplasia at the time of biopsy diagnosis, whereas high‐grade dysplasia (HGD) was identified in the remaining 14 (16%) lesions. SSL‐like dysplasia was more frequently associated with ulcerative colitis (94%) compared to TSA‐like dysplasia (67%) and serrated dysplasia NOS (56%) (P = 0.042). Although only seven (12%) patients had a concurrent history of primary sclerosing cholangitis, it was exclusively identified in the TSA‐like dysplasia group (19% versus 0% in both the SSL‐like dysplasia group and the serrated dysplasia NOS group; P = 0.017). Serrated dysplasia NOS more commonly demonstrated HGD at the time of biopsy diagnosis (42%) compared to TSA‐like dysplasia (12%) and SSL‐like dysplasia (13%) (P = 0.022). Serrated dysplasia NOS was also more frequently associated with synchronous and/or metachronous nonconventional dysplasia (60%) compared to TSA‐like dysplasia (16%) and SSL‐like dysplasia (9%) (P = 0.037). Serrated dysplasia, regardless of subtype, was associated with high rates of advanced neoplasia (HGD or colorectal cancer) at the previous biopsy site or in the same colonic segment during follow‐up. Within a mean follow‐up time of 13 months, advanced neoplasia was detected in 50% of the TSA‐like dysplasia group, 67% of the SSL‐like dysplasia group, and 100% of the serrated dysplasia NOS group (P = 0.622). Moreover, at least one‐third of patients in each group (58% in the TSA‐like dysplasia group, 44% in the SSL‐like dysplasia group, and 33% in the serrated dysplasia NOS group; P = 0.332) developed synchronous/metachronous dysplasia, with at least 50% of these lesions progressing to advanced neoplasia within a mean follow‐up time of 11 months (P = 1.000). The serrated dysplasia group showed nearly six times the incidence of advanced neoplasia upon follow‐up (59%) compared to the conventional dysplasia group (10%) (P < 0.001).ConclusionTSA‐like dysplasia, SSL‐like dysplasia, and serrated dysplasia NOS show distinct clinicopathologic features. However, all three serrated subtypes were associated with high rates of advanced neoplasia (50%–100%) during follow‐up, suggesting that these lesions could potentially be combined into one diagnostic category, such as serrated dysplasia.
Nonconventional Dysplasia is Frequently Associated With Goblet Cell Deficient and Serrated Variants of Colonic Adenocarcinoma in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Xiao, Andrew , Yozu, Masato , Yassan, Lindsay , Westerhoff, Maria , Sejben, Anita , Lauwers, Gregory Y. , Choi, Won‐Tak , Xiao, Andrew, Kővári, Bence , Liao, Xiaoyan , Salomao, Marcela
American Journal of Surgical Pathology | March 28, 2024 | Volume: 48 | Issue: 6 | Pages: 691-698
Various subtypes of nonconventional dysplasia have been recently described in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We hypothesized that goblet cell deficient dysplasia and serrated dysplasia may be the primary precursor lesions for goblet cell deficient (GCDAC) and serrated (SAC) variants of colonic adenocarcinoma, respectively. Clinicopathologic features of 23 GCDAC and 10 SAC colectomy cases were analyzed. All dysplastic lesions found adjacent to the colorectal cancers (n = 22 for GCDACs and n = 10 for SACs) were subtyped as conventional, nonconventional, or mixed-type dysplasia. As controls, 12 IBD colectomy cases with well to moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma that lacked any mucinous, signet ring cell, low-grade tubuloglandular, or serrated features while retaining goblet cells throughout the tumor (at least 50% of the tumor) were evaluated. The cohort consisted of 19 (58%) men and 14 (42%) women, with a mean age of 53 years and a long history of IBD (mean duration: 18 y). Twenty-seven (82%) patients had ulcerative colitis. GCDACs (57%) were more often flat or invisible than SACs (10%) and controls (25%; P = 0.023). The GCDAC and SAC groups were more likely to show lymphovascular invasion (GCDAC group: 52%, SAC group: 50%, control group: 0%, P = 0.001) and lymph node metastasis (GCDAC group: 39%, SAC group: 50%, control group: 0%, P = 0.009) than the control group. Notably, GCDACs and SACs were more frequently associated with nonconventional dysplasia than controls (GCDAC group: 77%, SAC group: 40%, control group: 0%, P < 0.001). Goblet cell deficient dysplasia (73%) was the most prevalent dysplastic subtype associated with GCDACs (P = 0.049), whereas dysplasias featuring a serrated component (60%) were most often associated with SACs (P = 0.001). The GCDAC group (75%) had a higher rate of macroscopically flat or invisible synchronous dysplasia compared with the SAC (20%) and control (33%) groups (P = 0.045). Synchronous dysplasia demonstrated nonconventional dysplastic features more frequently in the GCDAC (69%) and SAC (40%) groups compared with the control group (0%; P = 0.016). In conclusion, goblet cell deficient dysplasia and dysplasias featuring a serrated component could potentially serve as high-risk markers for GCDACs and SACs, respectively.