ABSTRACT Background Evaluation and interpretation of the literature on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) allows for consolidation and determination of the key factors important for clinical management of the adult OSA patient. Toward this goal, an international collaborative of multidisciplinary experts in sleep apnea evaluation and treatment have produced the International Consensus statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea (ICS:OSA). Methods Using previously defined methodology, focal topics in OSA were assigned as literature review (LR), evidence‐based review (EBR), or evidence‐based review with recommendations (EBR‐R) formats. Each topic incorporated the available and relevant evidence which was summarized and graded on study quality. Each topic and section underwent iterative review and the ICS:OSA was created and reviewed by all authors for consensus. Results The ICS:OSA addresses OSA syndrome definitions, pathophysiology, epidemiology, risk factors for disease, screening methods, diagnostic testing types, multiple treatment modalities, and effects of OSA treatment on multiple OSA‐associated comorbidities. Specific focus on outcomes with positive airway pressure (PAP) and surgical treatments were evaluated. Conclusion This review of the literature consolidates the available knowledge and identifies the limitations of the current evidence on OSA. This effort aims to create a resource for OSA evidence‐based practice and identify future research needs. Knowledge gaps and research opportunities include improving the metrics of OSA disease, determining the optimal OSA screening paradigms, developing strategies for PAP adherence and longitudinal care, enhancing selection of PAP alternatives and surgery, understanding health risk outcomes, and translating evidence into individualized approaches to therapy.
Snapshot Impact of COVID‐19 on Mental Wellness in Nonphysician Otolaryngology Health Care Workers: A National Study
ObjectiveNonphysician health care workers are involved in high‐risk patient care during the COVID‐19 pandemic, placing them at high risk of mental health burden. The mental health impact of COVID‐19 in this crucial population has not been studied thus far. Thus, the objective of this study is to assess the psychosocial well‐being of these providers.Study DesignNational cross‐sectional online survey (no control group).SettingAcademic otolaryngology programs in the United States.Subjects and MethodsWe distributed a survey to nonphysician health care workers in otolaryngology departments across the United States. The survey incorporated a variety of validated mental health assessment tools to measure participant burnout (Mini‐Z assessment), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7), distress (Impact of Event Scale), and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire–2). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predictive factors associated with these mental health outcomes.ResultsWe received 347 survey responses: 248 (71.5%) nurses, 63 (18.2%) administrative staff, and 36 (10.4%) advanced practice providers. A total of 104 (30.0%) respondents reported symptoms of burnout; 241 (69.5%), symptoms of anxiety; 292 (84.1%), symptoms of at least mild distress; and 79 (22.8%), symptoms of depression. Upon further analysis, development of these symptoms was associated with factors such as occupation, practice setting, and case load.ConclusionFrontline otolaryngology health care providers exhibit high rates of mental health complications, particularly anxiety and distress, in the wake of COVID‐19. Adequate support systems must be put into place to address these issues.
Mental health among otolaryngology resident and attending physicians during theCOVID‐19 pandemic: National study
AbstractBackgroundOtolaryngologists are among the highest risk for COVID‐19 exposure.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional, survey‐based, national study evaluating academic otolaryngologists. Burnout, anxiety, distress, and depression were assessed by the single‐item Mini‐Z Burnout Assessment, 7‐item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, 15‐item Impact of Event Scale, and 2‐item Patient Health Questionnaire, respectively.ResultsA total of 349 physicians completed the survey. Of them, 165 (47.3%) were residents and 212 (60.7%) were males. Anxiety, distress, burnout, and depression were reported in 167 (47.9%), 210 (60.2%), 76 (21.8%), and 37 (10.6%) physicians, respectively. Attendings had decreased burnout relative to residents (odds ratio [OR] 0.28, confidence interval [CI] [0.11‐0.68];P= .005). Females had increased burnout (OR 1.93, CI [1.12.‐3.32];P= .018), anxiety (OR 2.53, CI [1.59‐4.02];P< .005), and distress (OR 2.68, CI [1.64‐4.37];P< .005). Physicians in states with greater than 20 000 positive cases had increased distress (OR 2.01, CI [1.22‐3.31];P= .006).ConclusionDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, the prevalence of burnout, anxiety, and distress is high among academic otolaryngologists.