Citations

This study attempted to relate scores on the counseling readiness scale of the Adjective Checklist to changes in perception of spouse during intensive group psychotherapy. The counseling readiness score was found to be unrelated to changes in the number of favorable adjectives used by S to describe the spouse or used by the spouse to describe S. A significant relationship was found between the counseling readiness score and changes in the number of unfavorable adjectives used to describe the spouse and used by the spouse to describe S. Possible reasons for this finding are discussed.

Abstract Background Serrated polyps are an inhomogeneous group of lesions that harbour precursors of colorectal cancer. Current research has been directed at further defining the histopathological characteristics of these lesions, but definitive treatment recommendations are unclear. The aim was to review the current literature regarding classification, molecular genetics and natural history of these lesions in order to propose a treatment algorithm for surgeons to consider. Methods The PubMed database was searched using the following search terms: serrated polyp, serrated adenoma, hyperplastic polyp, hyperplastic polyposis, adenoma, endoscopy, surgery, guidelines. Papers published between 1980 and 2010 were selected. Results Sixty papers met the selection criteria. Most authors agree that recommendations regarding endoscopic or surgical management should be based on the polyp's neoplastic potential. Polyps greater than 5 mm should be biopsied to determine their histology so that intervention can be directed accurately. Narrow-band imaging or chromoendoscopy may facilitate the detection and assessment of extent of lesions. Complete endoscopic removal of sessile serrated adenomas in the left or right colon is recommended. Follow-up colonoscopy is recommended in 2–6 months if endoscopic removal is incomplete. If the lesion cannot be entirely removed endoscopically, segmental colectomy is strongly recommended owing to the malignant potential of these polyps. Left-sided lesions are more likely to be pedunculated, making them more amenable to successful endoscopic removal. Conclusion Even though the neoplastic potential of certain subtypes of serrated polyp is heavily supported, further studies are needed to make definitive endoscopic and surgical recommendations.

The number of figures recalled from the Bender-Gestalt Test correlated ( r = 0.74) with the Wechsler Memory Scale raw scores for 65 patients referred for possible intellectual deficit. There was a significantly higher ( P < 0.001) correlation with a factor of memory ( r = 0.76) than with a freedom-from-distractibility factor ( r = 0.40). These results suggest the Bender-Gestalt recall is a good screening measure of memory.

Performances on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and the WAIS-Revised (WAIS-R) were compared between groups at different ages. We studied 176 subjects (primarily outpatients) who were referred for assessment of cognitive function. Although all age groups tended to obtain lower scores on the WAIS-R, older subjects were penalized more on Performance and Full Scale IQs when the revised form was used. However, interactions suggest that differences in the scores on the WAIS and WAIS-R in a clinical population may reflect an interaction among age, presenting complaint, and other factors.

BackgroundThe majority of studies relating amyloid pathology with brain volumes have been cross‐sectional. Apolipoprotein ɛ4 (APOE ɛ4), a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, is also known to be associated with hippocampal volume loss. No studies have considered the effects of amyloid pathology and APOE ɛ4 together on longitudinal volume loss.MethodsWe evaluated whether an abnormal level of cerebrospinal fluid beta‐amyloid (CSF Aβ) and APOE ɛ4 carrier status were independently associated with greater hippocampal volume loss over 1 year. We then assessed whether APOE ɛ4 status and CSF Aβ acted synergistically, testing the significance of an interaction term in the regression analysis. We included 297 participants: 77 cognitively normal, 144 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 76 with Alzheimer's disease.ResultsAn abnormal CSF Aβ level was found to be associated with greater hippocampal volume loss over 1 year in each group. APOE ɛ4 was associated with hippocampal volume loss only in the cognitively normal and MCI groups. APOE ɛ4 carriers with abnormal CSF Aβ in the MCI group acted synergistically to produce disproportionately greater volume loss than noncarriers.ConclusionBaseline CSF Aβ predicts progression of hippocampal volume loss. APOE ɛ4 carrier status amplifies the degree of neurodegeneration in MCI. Understanding the effect of interactions between genetic risk and amyloid pathology will be important in clinical trials and our understanding of the disease process.

A preschool screening battery was evaluated for effectiveness in identifying children who later would be found to have reading disabilities. The battery was used to evaluate 165 preschool children; 95 of these children were available for 3-yr. follow-up assessment The battery was effective in identifying children at risk for later reading disability by using four different diagnostic criteria. The data suggest that intervention should be directed toward the immature or young boy who shows weaknesses in the preschool acquisition of number concepts and symbol recognition.

The quality of student life in combined baccalaureate-M.D. degree programs has rarely been investigated although these programs address widely recognized problems in medical education. Through the use of an environmental stress inventory, 183 students' perceptions of the learning environment of a combined-degree program were examined. Students in that program rated few situations in their environment as stressful. Yet, they were significantly concerned about information overload and attendant time problems, just as their peers in 4-yr. schools were. Unlike their 4-yr. counterparts, however, they did not see relations with other students and faculty as problematic. Their scores on the inventory were best predicted at each year level by a combination of personal characteristics, notably living arrangements, sex, and to a lesser extent, introversion.

The quality of both family relations and marital satisfaction was assessed in 131 two-parent families who had a mentally retarded child. Both family relations and marital satisfaction were seen as outcome variables reflecting how families cope with the chronic strain of a special child. Social desirability was controlled, and family relations and marital satisfaction were related to a variety of psychosocial and child-specific variables.