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Association of baseline clinical factors with outcomes in patients with localized Ewing sarcoma treated on frontline trials with interval compressed chemotherapy (ICC): A report from the Children’s Oncology Group.
Buxton, Allen, DelRocco, Natalie , Callan, Alexandra K. , Shulman, David S. , Whiteway, Susan L. , Krailo, Mark , Janeway, Katherine A. , Gupta, Ajay Kumar , Leavey, Patrick J. , Ahmed, Safia K. , Görlick, Richard , Reed, Damon R. , Mascarenhas, Leo

Journal of Clinical Oncology | May 28, 2025 | Volume: 43 | Issue: 16_suppl | Pages: 10032-10032

10.1200/jco.2025.43.16_suppl.10032 Get It

10032 Background: Identifying clinical and biological factors associated with outcomes in localized Ewing sarcoma (ES) will enable risk-stratified clinical trials with the goal of improved outcomes for high-risk patients and decreased treatment toxicity for low-risk patients. The specific aims of this analysis in localized ES patients were 1) to classify extraosseous (EO) primary tumors with subdivisions into deep (viscera, glands, body cavities, muscle, nerves) and superficial (cutaneous and subcutaneous) sites, and 2) to understand the relationship between baseline clinical factors (age, sex, primary tumor site, size (maximum dimension and volume)) and event-free survival (EFS). Methods: The analytic cohort included ES patients treated with ICC on AEWS0031 and AEWS1031. Primary tumor sites were defined as pelvic, non-pelvic, and EO (deep vs. superficial). Post-enrollment EFS was the primary endpoint. Univariate analyses used the Kaplan–Meier method (logrank test). Multivariable analyses used Cox proportional hazards models. To assess the impact of tumor volume as a continuous variable, a subgroup analysis was conducted using AEWS1031 only, as tumor volumes were collected prospectively on this study. Visual exploration of effects of continuous variables on EFS event hazard used restricted cubic splines with 3 knots. Tests were performed at the 5% level. Results: AEWS0031 (n = 628) and AEWS1031 Regimen B (n = 283) yielded 911 patients. In univariate analyses, difference in risk of EFS event was observed between tumor sites ( P = 0.03). EO tumors had the highest estimated EFS compared to pelvic and non-pelvic (5 year EFS 84.7% vs. 72.4% and 75.9%). Superficial EO appeared to be a very low-risk group, albeit interpretations are limited by the small group size and singular event (one second malignant neoplasm among 15 patients). In multivariable analysis of the combined cohort, sex, race, and ethnicity were not prognostic. EO tumors may be associated with decreased hazard compared with non-pelvic bone primaries (HR 0.58, P = 0.07), and tumors ≥200 mL with increased hazard (HR 1.56, P < 0.01). In the subgroup analysis, tumor volume and age were prognostic and in visualizations age was non-linearly related to the hazard of EFS event, increasing until approximately 15 years. Tumor volume was non-linearly related to the hazard of EFS event and increased until approximately 400 mL. Conclusions: Patients with ES and primary tumors ≥200 mL continue to be at higher risk of an EFS event when treated with ICC, and EO tumors may be lower risk compared with other sites. Risk of an event appears to remain constant in ES patients ≥15 years or with primary tumors ≥400 mL. These findings should be validated in prospective trials and tumor biology integrated with clinical factors to improve risk stratification for localized ES.
Role of pelareorep in activating anti-tumor immunity in PDAC.
Trauger, Richard , Vile, Richard G. , Liffers, Sven‐Thorsten, Heineman, Thomas C. , Siveke, Jens , Coffey, Matt C.

Journal of Clinical Oncology | May 28, 2025 | Volume: 43 | Issue: 16_suppl | Pages: 2562-2562

10.1200/jco.2025.43.16_suppl.2562 Get It

2562 Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly lethal cancer with limited immunotherapeutic options. Pelareorep (pela) is an intravenously delivered unmodified reovirus containing a double stranded RNA genome that has been studied as an immunotherapeutic in multiple cancers including breast, anal, colorectal and pancreatic. We previously reported high tumor response rates in first-line metastatic PDAC patients treated with pela combined with gemcitabine, nab-paclitaxel and atezolizumab. We report here the immunologic effects of pela in a cohort of first-line metastatic PDAC subjects treated with pela plus chemotherapy and atezolizumab and the correlation of these effects with tumor response. Methods: To examine its effects on pancreatic cancer, a phase 1/2 Simon 2-stage platform study (GOBLET) was performed that included patients with first-line locally advanced/metastatic unresectable PDAC. Anti-reovirus T cell activity was assessed by interferon gamma secretion (ELISPOT). Changes in the expression of plasma proteins were analyzed by Olink Response panels. T cell receptor sequencing (TCR-seq; ImmunoSEQ Assay, Adaptive Biotechnologies) was performed on tissue collected prior to the start of therapy and on blood from baseline through 3 treatment cycles to identify TILs expansion. Tumor responses were scored according to the modified RECIST v1.1 criteria. Results: Increases in anti-reovirus T cell activation as determined by ELISPOT after cycle 3 of therapy were observed in 6/8 subjects. Three subjects with maximum responses (> 300 spots) showed >30% decreases in tumor volume. Significant changes in plasma proteins as determined by Olink included PD-L1, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 and IFN-γ. Pre-treatment tumor tissue was used to identify the TIL clonal populations prior to therapy. Increased TIL clones in the blood pre-treatment was associated with tumor responses. Pela treatment increased the expansion of pre-existing and new TIL clones in the blood after one cycle of treatment. Sustained increases in pre-existing TIL clonal populations in the blood through cycle 3 of therapy were observed in subjects who exhibited reductions in tumor volume. Conclusions: These findings, while preliminary, demonstrate that pela induces not only anti-reovirus T cells but also activates innate and adaptive anti-tumor immunity in PDAC subjects treated with chemotherapy and atezolizumab. Tumor responses are associated with both the presence of TIL clones in the blood prior to treatment and the expansion of pre-existing TILs in the blood on treatment. These findings provide additional insights into the immunologic mechanisms by which pela-based therapy may provide clinical benefit in patients with metastatic PDAC.
Proposed changes to the pathologic staging for colon cancer (CC): AJCC Colon Cancer Expert Panel (AJCCCCEP).
Chang, George J. , Pederson, Levi , Asare, Elliot A. , Cohen, Romain , Palis, Bryan E., Shi, Chanjuan , Steele, Scott, Goldberg, Richard M. , Cohen, Romain , Shi, Qian , Jin, Zhaohui , Meyerhardt, Jeffrey A. , André, Thierry , Tie, Jeanne , Dixon, Jesse G. , Ballman, Karla V. , Yothers, Greg , Ma, Zeliang , Alberts, Steven R. , Washington, Mary Kay , Taı̈eb, Julien

Journal of Clinical Oncology | May 28, 2025 | Volume: 43 | Issue: 16_suppl | Pages: 3520-3520

10.1200/jco.2025.43.16_suppl.3520 Get It

3520 Background: Recent analyses highlight nonhierarchical outcomes using the 8 th Edition AJCC staging system for CC. For instance, the 5-year survival rate for stages I and IIIa patients (pts) closely align. Additionally, tumor deposits (TDs) have been established as significant prognostic indicators. The AJCCCCEP commissioned this study to develop an updated pathological staging system for CC focused specifically on pts without distant metastasis (M0), while retaining the existing stage IV classification. Methods: Individual patient data (IPD) from pts diagnosed with cc (2010- 2017) in the NCDB were divided into training (70%) and internal validation (30%) datasets. External validation used IPD from clinical trials. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Risk classification development for M0 pts incorporated ungrouped data on pathologic T categories, the number of involved regional lymph nodes (LN+), and TD counts. Recursive partitioning and regression tree analyses were applied to construct hierarchical staging levels. Pre-specified criteria required survival probabilities to be consecutive and show clear separations using Kaplan-Meier (KM) estimates with pairwise log-rank test P of < 0.005 for the training and < 0.05 for validation analyses. Results: Data from 281,997 pts (median age 67 years, 50% male, 81% white, 55% T3, 19% T4, 44% N+, 26% M+, and 11% with ≥1 TD) were analyzed, with a median follow-up of 7.3 years. The updated staging system (Table) met pre-specified criteria, with all observed pairwise P < 0.0001 in the development and internal validation sets. KM OS curves displayed a hierarchical separation across all sub-levels after the 1 st year of diagnosis. Consistent results were seen in pts treated with adjuvant chemotherapy in 4 trials (all pair-wise P < 0.0001). Conclusions: The proposed pathological staging system for M0 pts fulfills pre-specified criteria for hierarchical risk stratification, validated both internally and externally, and provides an evidence-based update. Pending review process, the AJCCCCEP will recommend that these changes be made to the Version 9 staging protocol for colon cancer to improve prognostication for CC pts. Stage T, # of LN+, # of TD M % of pts 1y OS (CI), % 3y OS (CI), % 5y OS (CI), % I T1, 0, 0 0 5 96 (95-97) 91 (90-92) 84 (83-86) IIa T2, 0, 0 0 10 95 (94-95) 88 (88-89) 80 (79-81) IIb T1, 0, 1+T1, 1+, 0T2, 0, 1+T2, 1-4, 0T3, 0, 0 0 27 93 (92-93) 84 (84-85) 75 (75-76) IIIa T1, 1+, 1+T2, 1-4, 1+T2, 5+, 0T3, 0, 1+T3, 1-4, 0 0 14 92 (91-92) 80 (80-81) 71 (70-72) IIIb T2, 5+, 1+T3, 1-4, 1+T3, 5+, 0T4a, 0-4, 0T4b, 0-2, 0 0 13 86 (86-87) 69 (68-70) 58 (57-59) IIIc T3, 5+, 1+T4a, 0-4, 1+T4a, 5+, anyT4b, 0-2, 1+T4b, 3+, any 0 5 78 (77-80) 53 (51-54) 40 (38-41) IVa Any 1a 19 59 (58-60) 28 (28-29) 17 (16-18) IVb Any 1b 7 43 (42-44) 14 (13-14) 6 (6-7) CI: 95% confidence internal; Peritoneum involvement data were not available before 2018 in NCDB. Thus, IVa/b were based on 7 th Edition.
Alliance A022101/NRG-GI009: A pragmatic randomized phase III trial evaluating total ablative therapy for patients with limited metastatic colorectal cancer—Evaluating radiation, ablation, and surgery (ERASur).
Gholami, Sepideh , White, Sarah B. , Wu, Christina, Goulet, Christopher C., Jee, Kyung‐Wook , Wright, Chadwick , Yaeger, Rona , Shergill, Ardaman , Hong, Theodore S. , Miller, Eric D. , Hitchcock, Kathryn E. , Shi, Qian , Dixon, Jesse G. , George, Thomas J. , O’Reilly, Eileen M. , Meyerhardt, Jeffrey A. , Romesser, Paul B.

Journal of Clinical Oncology | May 28, 2025 | Volume: 43 | Issue: 16_suppl | Pages: No page available

10.1200/jco.2025.43.16_suppl.tps3634 Get It

TPS3634 Background: For patients with oligometastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), aggressive local therapy of isolated metastases, particularly in the liver, has been associated with long-term progression-free and overall survival (OS) primarily based on retrospective evidence. However, in patients with limited metastatic CRC that is deemed inoperable or those with additional disease outside of the liver or lungs, the role of local ablative therapies, including microwave ablation (MWA) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), to render patients disease free is less clear. Despite the long history of treating oligometastatic CRC with local therapy, which is largely provider biased, questions remain regarding the benefit of extending the paradigm of metastatic directed therapy to patients with more extensive disease. This trial seeks to use a pragmatic multimodality approach that mirrors the current clinical dilemma. This study is designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of adding total ablative therapy (TAT) of all sites of disease to standard of care systemic treatment in those with limited metastatic CRC. Methods: A022101/NRG-GI009 is a National Clinical Trials Network randomized phase III study planned to enroll 364 patients with newly diagnosed metastatic CRC (BRAF wild-type, microsatellite stable) without peritoneal metastasis or liver-only disease on baseline imaging. Patients receive first-line systemic therapy for 12-39 weeks. Patients with ≤4 sites of metastatic disease following initial systemic therapy that are amenable to any combination of surgical resection, MWA, and/or SBRT are then randomized 1:1, stratified by number of metastatic organ sites (1-2 vs. 3-4), timing of metastatic disease diagnosis (de novo vs. secondary), and presence of metastatic disease outside the liver/lungs in at least 1 site. Patients in Arm 1 will receive TAT consisting of treatment of all metastatic sites with SBRT, MWA, and/or surgical resection followed by standard of care systemic therapy. Patients in Arm 2 will continue with standard of care systemic therapy alone. The primary endpoint is OS. Secondary endpoints include event-free survival, treatment-related toxicities, and local recurrence with exploratory biomarker analyses. The study needs 346 evaluable patients combined in the 2 arms to demonstrate an improvement in OS with a hazard ratio of 0.7 to provide 80% power with a one-sided alpha of 5%. The trial utilizes a group sequential design with two interim analyses (25% and 50% of events) for futility. The trial activated in January 2023 and recruitment is ongoing. Support: U10CA180821, U10CA180882; https://acknowledgments.alliancefound.org. U10CA180820 (ECOG-ACRIN); U10CA180868 (NRG); U10CA180888 (SWOG); Clinical trial information: NCT05673148 .
Infection after CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for large B-cell lymphoma: real-world analysis from CIBMTR
Wudhikarn, Kitsada , Chen, Min , Baird, John H. , Gowda, Lohith , Rangarajan, Hemalatha G. , Abid, Muhammad Bilal , Kharfan‐Dabaja, Mohamed A. , Ganguly, Siddhartha , Young, Jo‐Anne H. , Sharma, Akshay , Modi, Dipenkumar , Salem, Baheyeldin , Vergidis, Paschalis , Smith, Melody , Boghdadly, Zeinab El , Dandoy, Christopher E. , Huppler, Anna R. , Chemaly, Roy F. , Hill, Joshua A. , Riches, Marcie , Herr, Megan M. , Martens, Michael J , Baird, John , Rangarajan, Hemalatha G , Abid, Muhammad Bilal , Kharfan-Dabaja, Mohamed A , Young, Jo-Anne H , Sharma, Akshay , Fatobene, Giancarlo , Jain, Tania , Modi, Dipenkumar , Grover, Natalie S , Salem, Baheyeldin , Batista, Marjorie Vieira , Vergidis, Paschalis , Yin, Dwight E , Kelkar, Amar H , Nishihori, Taiga , Holter Chakrabarty, Jennifer , Gergis, Usama , Smith, Melody , Dandoy, Christopher E , Murthy, Hemant S , Huppler, Anna R , Perales, Miguel-Angel , Chemaly, Roy F , Hill, Joshua A , Auletta, Jeffery J , Martens, Michael J. , Williams, Kirsten M. , Jain, Tania , Kanakry, Christopher G. , Grover, Natalie S. , Beitinjaneh, Amer , Nishihori, Taiga , Holter‐Chakrabarty, Jennifer , Murthy, Hemant S. , Perales, Miguel‐Angel , Auletta, Jeffery J.

Blood Advances | May 28, 2025 | Volume: 9 | Issue: 21 | Pages: 5460-5472

10.1182/bloodadvances.2025016141 | PMID 40435511 Get It

Abstract Infection is increasingly recognized as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) receiving CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. The current study analyzed the natural history, risk factors, and outcomes of infection in 3350 patients with R/R LBCL receiving commercial CD19 CAR T-cell therapy (n = 2804 axicabtagene ciloleucel [axi-cel], n = 546 tisagenlecleucel) from December 2017 to June 2022. Infection developed in 834 patients (24.9%) within 100 days after infusion, resulting in an infection density of 0.43 per 100 patient days and a 100-day cumulative incidence of 22%. Bacterial, viral, and fungal infections were recorded in 527 (15.7%), 374 (11.2%), and 108 patients (3.2%), respectively, with corresponding infection densities of 0.23, 0.15, and 0.04 per 100 patient days. After a 24-month median follow-up, 1482 patients (44%) had died, with infection as the primary cause in 173 cases (12%). The 100-day infection-related mortality (IRM) was 1.6% (95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.0). Patients with a Karnofsky performance score of ≤80, infection history before CAR T-cell therapy, axi-cel therapy, severe cytokine release syndrome (grade ≥3), and severe immune effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome (grade ≥3) had increased infection risk. Infections within 100 days were an independent risk factor for inferior overall survival beyond day 100 after CD19 CAR T-cell therapy. In conclusion, study results show a significant incidence of infection and IRM in patients with R/R LBCL treated with CD19 CAR T-cell therapy. Furthermore, results identify patients at a heightened risk of infection, offering insights to guide potential interventions aimed at mitigating infection and improving patient outcomes after CAR T-cell therapy.
Interferon signaling and outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in FinXX, CALGB 40603 (Alliance) and real-world clinico-genomic data.
Chumsri, Saranya , Liu, Yi , Deshmukh, Sachin Kumar , Leon‐Ferre, Roberto A. , Zahrieh, David M. , Torres, Evanthia T. Roussos , Sikov, William M. , Knutson, Keith L. , Thompson, E. Aubrey , Carter, Jodi M. , Joensuu, Heikki , Boughey, Judy C. , Ingle, James N. , Couch, Fergus J. , Lustberg, Maryam B. , Stover, Daniel G. , Partridge, Ann H. , Carey, Lisa A. , Sledge, George W. , Goetz, Matthew P. , Knutson, Keith L.

Journal of Clinical Oncology | May 28, 2025 | Volume: 43 | Issue: 16_suppl | Pages: 569-569

10.1200/jco.2025.43.16_suppl.569 Get It

569 Background: Several studies established the prognostic role of both the amount and locations of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in TNBC. Three distinct immunotypes were described based on the amount and locations of TILs: immune enriched (IN), immune excluded, and immune desert. Using single-cell spatial transcriptomic analysis in the Mayo Clinic TNBC cohort, our previous studies showed the central role of interferon (IFN) signaling in IN phenotype. Herein, we evaluated the association between IFN and outcomes in TNBC in 3 independent datasets. Methods: NanoString IO360 was performed in 114 samples from FinXX (NCT00114816) to generate 22-gene IFNα and 33-gene IFNγ signatures. RNA sequencing was performed in 388 samples from CALGB 40603 (NCT00861705). 3038 TNBC samples were tested by WTS (NovaSeq; Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ). Median values were used as cut-offs for high vs low IFNγ RNA expression and 18-gene IFNγ signature scores. Caris Life Science CODEai was used to evaluate real-world overall survival (OS) obtained from insurance claims and calculated from tissue collection to last contact using Kaplan-Meier estimates. Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, ANOVA, and Cox regression were used. Results: A high 22-gene IFNα signature score was associated with significantly improved recurrence-free survival (RFS) in FinXX (hazard ratio [HR] 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14-0.74, p 0.007) and OS (HR 0.28, 95%CI 0.12-0.66, p 0.003). Similar findings were observed with 33-gene IFNγ signature with significant improvement in RFS (HR 0.21, 95%CI 0.09-0.51, p < 0.001) and OS (HR 0.18, 95%CI 0.08-0.44, p < 0.001). Furthermore, in CALGB 40603, both IFNα and IFNγ scores were positively associated with pathologic complete response (pCR: IFNα p 0.019 and IFNγ p 0.007) and residual cancer burden (RCB: IFNα p 0.044 and IFNγ p 0.013). Using the Caris data platform to further validate, we identified 2899 TNBC patients (pts) with genomic and clinical outcome data. High IFNγ expression was associated with significant improvement in OS (25.95 vs 17.43 months; HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.59 – 0.72, p < 0.001). Similarly, pts with high IFNγ signature scores had significant improvement in median OS (25.79 vs 16.22 months; HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.6 – 0.73, p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study underscores the pivotal role of IFN signaling in TNBC. High IFNα and IFNγ signatures were consistently associated with improved RFS, OS, higher pCR rates, and lower RCB across clinical trial cohorts and real-world data. These findings signify IFN signaling as a potential key biomarker and therapeutic target in TNBC. Support: U10CA180821, U10CA180882, U24CA196171; Breast Cancer Research Foundation, Mayo Clinic Breast Cancer SPORE (P50CA116201-17), Bankhead Coley, W81XWH-15-1-0292, P50CA015083, R35CA253187; https://acknowledgments.alliancefound.org . Genentech. Clinical trial information: NCT00114816 and NCT00861705 .
Navigating the cyber shift: The trends of electronic health record (EHR) engagement in oncology.
Liddell, S. , Orusa, Ahauve, Price, Katharine A. , Hendrickson, Andrea E. Wahner , O’Sullivan, Ciara C. , Ruddy, Kathryn J. , Godby, Richard , Giridhar, Karthik V. , Tevaarwerk, Amyé

Journal of Clinical Oncology | May 28, 2025 | Volume: 43 | Issue: 16_suppl | Pages: No page available

10.1200/jco.2025.43.16_suppl.e13718 Get It

e13718 Background: Oncology has evolved in the cyber era of medicine. The 21 st Century Cures Act mandated patient access to medical data (tests, provider notes) via patient portals connected to EHRs in order to facilitate patient engagement. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic rapidly transformed patients’ interactions with portals by increasing reliance on telehealth and portal messaging. This shift has been well-documented in primary care, and emerging research suggests similar trends in oncology. More information is needed regarding how this has evolved post-pandemic. We present single academic institution real-world data (RWD) describing ongoing changes in patient messages and telephone calls in oncology. Methods: We quantified the changes (2019-2024) within oncology at Mayo Clinic Rochester campus including all care team, provider, nursing, and pharmacist visits, patient portal medical advice requests, patient calls, and messages sent to patients per year using Epic's SlicerDicer™ tool. Results: Patient visits/year dipped (-0.2%) from 2019 to 2020, but increased steadily from 2021 forward (Table 1). Patient portal advice requests increased significantly faster (Table 1); from 2019 to 2024, visits /year increased by 40%, while the number of advice requests increased by 131%. Patient calls/year increased more modestly (64%), while the number of messages sent to patients increased by 163% over this time. Conclusions: The transparency allowed by the Cures Act coupled with the impact of the pandemic has empowered patients to engage in their oncology care more proactively through the EHR. Patient-initiated portal messaging is increasing, with messages sent to patients from the oncology department similarly rising. Patient call volumes are also growing despite EHR messaging. Further research is necessary to better understand patterns of EHR use in oncology and explore ways to reduce clinician burnout that may arise from responding to this increased communication volume, as well as to understand the impact on patient satisfaction and outcomes. Changes in patient volume compared to patient calls and EHR messaging over time. Year Total Patient Visits Change in Patient Visits from Prior Year (%) Total Patient Medical Advice Messages Change in Patient Medical Advice Message Volume from Prior Year (%) Total Patient Calls Change in Patient Call Volume from Prior Year (%) Messages Sent to Patients Change in Patient Messages Sent to Patients from Prior Year (%) 2019 62,440 n/a 173,177 n/a 195,143 n/a 99,974 n/a 2020 61,959 -0.7 218,976 +26.5 240,833 +23.4 135,044 +35.1 2021 70,950 +14.5 276,561 +26.3 267,395 +11.0 165,293 +22.4 2022 74,961 +5.7 325,580 +17.7 263,732 -1.4 206,043 +24.7 2023 80,672 +7.6 349,756 +7.4 274,446 +4.0 214,257 +4.0 2024 87,605 +8.6 399,740 +14.3 319,963 +16.6 263,271 +22.9
Interim safety and efficacy data of [ 212 Pb]VMT01 in MC1R expressing melanoma.
Block, Matthew S. , Mehr, Samuel H., Baratto, Lucia , Tomash, Haley, Yang, Wenjing , Puhlmann, Markus , Morris, Zachary Scott , Wahl, Richard L. , Marsh, Ian R. , O’Keefe, Stephen J. , Menda, Yusuf

Journal of Clinical Oncology | May 28, 2025 | Volume: 43 | Issue: 16_suppl | Pages: 3099-3099

10.1200/jco.2025.43.16_suppl.3099 Get It

3099 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are effective in melanoma, but many patients experience progression on or after approved ICI +/- MAPK inhibitor therapy. Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) is a novel target for radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) and is highly expressed on melanoma tumor cells. VMT01 is an MC1R-targeted RPT that can be radiolabeled with either 203 Pb (patient selection and dosimetry assessments) or 212 Pb (alpha particle therapy). Here, we present data on the first in-human evaluation of [ 203 Pb/ 212 Pb]VMT01 in patients with metastatic melanoma. FDA granted Fast Track Designation to the product on the bases of preclinical experiments combining [ 212 Pb]VMT01 with immunotherapy. Methods: This is a first-in-human dose-finding study to determine the safety, pharmacokinetics, dosimetry and preliminary efficacy of [ 212 Pb]VMT01 in subjects with MC1R-positive metastatic melanoma who progressed on at least 1 approved first-line therapy (NCT05655312). Phase 1 of the trial includes escalating dose cohorts. The first two cohorts incorporate dosimetry evaluations (reported separately) with the imaging surrogate [ 203 Pb]VMT01 prior to receiving up to 3 treatment cycles of [ 212 Pb]VMT01 therapy (injected activity of 111 MBq (3 mCi) or 185 MBq (5 mCi) for Cohort 1 and 2, respectively). Participants are evaluated for any DLT for the first 6 weeks after cycle one. Efficacy is assessed by RECIST 1.1 criteria by the investigator. Following the start of the study the anticipated combination arm with nivolumab was opened as an amendment. Results: Cohort 1 (DCO 04Sep24) was completed with 3 enrolled participants who received 3 treatment cycles without any DLTs or SAEs. Cohort 1 participants showed prolonged stabilization of disease from start of treatment (mean: 11.1 months); one participant developed a confirmed objective response (PR) after completion of all three [ 212 Pb]VMT01 administrations and is still on trial after 13.1 months from start of treatment. Cohort 2 has completed with 7 enrolled participants. No DLTs or related SAEs have been observed. All participants in this Cohort progressed after either the first cycle (3 participants) or the second cycle (4 participants).Based on these preliminary results showing anti-tumor effect at the lower dose, additional cohorts for both monotherapy and in combination with nivolumab were introduced at a de-escalated dose of 55.5 MBq (1.5 mCi). Both cohorts are now open for enrollment. Updated safety and efficacy data will be analyzed and presented at ASCO. Conclusions: At 111 MBq and 185 MBq activity levels, [ 212 Pb]VMT01 was safe and well-tolerated. An objective response and prolonged stabilization of disease were observed at the 111 MBq activity level while no effect was seen at 185 MBq. The study will continue to explore potentially immunostimulating lower doses of administered activity of [ 212 Pb]VMT01 either as a monotherapy or in combination with nivolumab. Clinical trial information: NCT05655312 .
[ 212 Pb]VMT-α-NET therapy in somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) expressing neuroendocrine tumors (NETs): Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) observation participants after 1 year follow-up and preliminary report for expansion part
Sólnes, Lilja B. , Mancini, Brandon Robert, Sibley, Gregory S., Anthony, Lowell , Liao, Chih‐Yi , Starr, Jason S. , Balaraman, Savitha, Prasad, Vikas, Baratto, Lucia , Hanna, Alaa , Yang, Wenjing , Puhlmann, Markus , Hálfdánarson, Þorvarður R. , O’Keefe, Stephen J. , Wahl, Richard L.

Journal of Clinical Oncology | May 28, 2025 | Volume: 43 | Issue: 16_suppl | Pages: 3005-3005

10.1200/jco.2025.43.16_suppl.3005 Get It

3005 Background: [ 212 Pb]VMT-α-NET, a next generation 212 Pb-based, SSTR2-targeted alpha-particle radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT), was designed to achieve superior biodistribution via optimized tumor uptake and retention and rapid renal clearance. Results reported here are from the Phase 1/2a first-in-human study [NCT05636618]. Methods: Safety, pharmacokinetics, dosimetry and efficacy using RECIST v1.1 were investigated in the treatment of participants with [ 212 Pb]VMT-α-NET who had SSTR2-expressing, well-differentiated adult NETs of any grade. Participants received ≥1 prior therapy. No prior peptide receptor radionuclide therapy was allowed. The trial has multiple dose cohorts including 92.5 MBq (2.5 mCi, cohort 1) and 185 MBq (5 mCi, cohort 2) of administered activity based on a Bayesian modified toxicity probability interval (mTPI-2) design. Up to 8 participants per cohort were treated with 4 doses of [ 212 Pb]VMT-α-NET for DLT observation. Cohort 2 enrollment was expanded to further define the safety and efficacy profile at this dose level. Results: Nine (9) gastroenteropancreatic NET participants were enrolled into cohorts 1 and 2 for DLT observation. The ninth of these participants was enrolled more than 1 year prior to presentation of these data. Among these participants at the time of abstract submission, no DLTs were observed, and there were no grade 4, 5 or serious adverse events (SAEs). Specifically, no renal insufficiency or dysphagia were observed. Hematologic AEs were low grade and few in number. No treatment discontinuations due to AE occurred. Three (3) of the 7 cohort 2 participants enrolled for DLT observation achieved investigator-assessed partial responses (PRs). Two PRs were unconfirmed at the time of abstract submission. Durable progression-free survival (PFS) was consistently observed. More than 15 additional participants were enrolled in the cohort 2 expansion. Preliminary data for these patients will be reported at the congress. Conclusions: [ 212 Pb]VMT-α-NET is a well-tolerated, next generation RPT showing signs of clinical activity at early dose-levels in this phase 1/2a study. Based on these clinical data, further dose-escalation and development of this promising therapy are warranted. Clinical trial information: NCT05636618 .
Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in the phase 3 trial of cabozantinib vs placebo for advanced neuroendocrine tumors (NET) after progression on prior therapy (CABINET, Alliance A021602).
Fruth, Briant, Geyer, Susan, Shergill, Ardaman , Wolin, Edward M. , Shaheen, Shagufta , Vijayvergia, Namrata , Dasari, Arvind , Dueck, Amylou C. , Zemla, Tyler , Pulsipher, Sydney , Ou, Fang‐Shu , Acoba, Jared David , Hálfdánarson, Þorvarður R. , Konda, Bhavana , Trikalinos, Nikolaos A. , Strosberg, Jonathan , O’Reilly, Eileen M. , Meyerhardt, Jeffrey A. , Chan, Jennifer Ai-wen

Journal of Clinical Oncology | May 28, 2025 | Volume: 43 | Issue: 16_suppl | Pages: 4020-4020

10.1200/jco.2025.43.16_suppl.4020 Get It

4020 Background: In previously treated patients (pts) with advanced extra-pancreatic NET (epNET) or pancreatic NET (pNET), cabozantinib (cabo) demonstrated improved progression-free survival compared to placebo (pbo) in the CABINET trial (NCT03375320). Here we present HRQOL data from CABINET. Methods: Pts with previously treated unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic epNET or pNET were randomized (2:1) in separate cohorts to receive cabo 60 mg daily vs pbo. HRQOL was an exploratory endpoint measured using the EORTC QLQ-C30, QLQ-GI.NET21, Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC), and PRO-CTCAE questionnaires. Optional participation was by paper surveys at baseline and every 12 weeks (wks) until disease progression or new anticancer therapy. Mean changes from baseline were compared between treatment arms at wk12 using general linear mixed models. Minimally important within-arm improvements and between-arm differences were defined as 8 points on the C30 Global Health Status (GHS)/QOL Scale. PGIC was dichotomized as improved vs unchanged/worsened and compared using Chi-squared tests. Rates of pt-reported adverse events (AEs) by PRO-CTCAE were baseline-adjusted and compared using Fisher’s exact tests. Results: 172 pts (113 cabo, 59 pbo) with epNET and 81 pts (53 cabo, 28 pbo) with pNET consented for survey participation. Pts completed 524 (82%) of 640 expected surveys across baseline, wk12, and wk24. For epNET, C30 GHS/QOL was significantly improved at wk12 in pts receiving cabo (mean change 9.5, standard error (SE) 2.2, p < 0.001) but not pbo (mean change 0.2, SE 3.1, p = 0.95) resulting in significantly different mean changes from baseline between arms (p = 0.02). For pNET, C30 QHS/QOL was significantly improved at wk12 in pts receiving cabo (mean change 8.0, SE 3.0, p = 0.008) but not pbo (mean change 6.8, SE 4.4, p = 0.12); mean changes from baseline did not statistically differ between arms (p = 0.82). No significant differences in mean changes from baseline at wk12 in C30 Physical, Role, Emotional, Cognitive and Social Function were observed between arms in the epNET or pNET cohorts. In both cohorts at wk12, pts on cabo reported improved overall status as measured by PGIC more often than those on pbo (epNET: 38% vs 19%, p = 0.04; pNET: 57% vs 18%, p = 0.006). Rates of pt-reported AEs were statistically significantly higher in cabo for diarrhea (68% vs 53%), hand-foot syndrome (57% vs 26%), mouth or throat sores (47% vs 27%), and dysgeusia (67% vs 37%) [all p < 0.05]. GI.NET21 data will be presented. Conclusions: Although cabo is associated with pt-reported AEs consistent with its known safety profile, global HRQOL was maintained. A higher proportion of patients receiving cabo reported improved overall status. Results support cabo as a treatment option for pts with previously treated advanced NET that preserves patient HRQOL. Clinical trial information: NCT03375320 .