Citations

Abstract Background Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, with around 2.3 million cases diagnosed in 2020. One in five cancer patients develops chronic lymphedema caused by multifactorial triggers and treatment-related factors. This can lead to swelling, skin infections, and limb dysfunction, negatively affecting the patient's quality of life. This retrospective cohort study aimed to determine the associations between demographic and breast cancer characteristics and postoperative cellulitis in breast cancer survivors who underwent lymphovenous bypass surgery (LVB) at Mayo Clinic, Florida. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review. Data were collected retrospectively from 2016 to 2022. Sixty adult breast cancer survivors who underwent LVB were included in the final analysis based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were excluded if they did not meet the inclusion criteria or had incomplete follow-up data. Demographic and surgical data were extracted, including body mass index (BMI), type of anastomosis, number of anastomoses, and preoperative cellulitis status. Lymphedema measurements were performed using tape measurements. Fisher's exact test was used to determine statistically significant associations between variables and postoperative cellulitis. Results Postoperative cellulitis was more common in patients aged 60 to 69 years (43.2%), whites (75.0%), overweight or obese (90.9%), with one to four anastomoses (81.8%), and nonsmokers (79.5%). The mean International Society of Lymphology (ISL) criteria for both postoperative cellulitis and no postoperative cellulitis was 1.93. Statistically significant associations with postoperative cellulitis were found for the number of anastomoses (p = 0.021), smoking status (p = 0.049), preoperative cellulitis (p = 0.04), and the length of years with lymphedema diagnosis variable (p = 0.004). Conclusion Our results suggest that a greater number of anastomoses, smoking, preoperative cellulitis, and years with lymphedema are significantly associated with an increased risk of postoperative cellulitis. Awareness of these risk factors is crucial for monitoring and early treatment of infections following surgery.

Abstract This study aimed to describe the technique, indications, and advantages of the single-portal arthroscopic approach for the diagnosis and staging of chronic radial-sided disorders, including scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) tear, scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) and scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC) deformities. The single portal technique was used in 138 patients affected by suspected SLIL lesions, SLAC and SNAC wrist injuries with positive clinical symptoms and inconclusive imaging (X-ray and MRI). It was used to grade the nature of the SLIL lesion and the extension of the osteochondral damage in the SLAC and SNAC wrist deformity to guide appropriate treatment. Patients were divided into group 1 (SLIL: 45 cases), group 2a (SLAC: 65 cases), and group 2b (SNAC: 28 cases). In group 1, stage 4 SLIL lesions were confirmed in 36 cases and 9 were assessed as SLAC wrist deformity. In group 2a, single-portal arthroscopy confirmed the preoperative diagnosis in 74% of cases. In the remaining 26% of patients, arthroscopy modified the preoperative diagnosis: 1 case of SLAC 1 resulted in SLAC 2, 14 cases of SLAC 2 resulted in SLAC 3, 1 case of SLAC 3 resulted in SLAC 2. A case of SLAC 2 turned out to be an SLIL lesion stage 4. In group 2b, single-portal arthroscopy confirmed the preoperative diagnosis in 86% of cases. In the remaining 14% (4 cases), it modified the preoperative diagnosis: 1 of SNAC 1 resulted in SNAC 2 and the other in SNAC 3, 1 case of SNAC 2 turned out to be an SNAC 3, and 1 case of SNAC 3 resulted in SNAC 4. Single-portal wrist arthroscopy modified the preoperative diagnosis of wrist pathology in 42 patients over 138 cases. The use of single-portal wrist arthroscopy should be considered in the evaluation of the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints to allow accurate visualization of the joint surfaces for surgeon and patient planning. Observational study level of evidence IV.

Abstract Background Salvage procedures for failed total wrist arthroplasty have variable results and limitations such as donor site morbidity, malunion, delayed or nonunion. We present a case of substantial bone loss after failed wrist arthroplasty and a surgical technique in which the distal ulna is transferred and intussuscepted to achieve union between the residual distal radius and metacarpals. Case Description A 48-year-old female with rheumatoid arthritis presented with wrist prosthetic joint infection 16 years after total wrist arthroplasty. With extensive bone loss following implant removal and multiple debridements, the remaining distal ulna was resected and intussuscepted between the residual radius and second and third metacarpals. The patient achieved incorporation of the graft at 12 weeks and fusion at 20 weeks, with resolution of pain and restoration of digit function at 2 years. Literature Review Standard means of wrist arthrodesis utilizing iliac crest autograft and femoral head allograft may be limited to address substantial bone loss following total wrist implant removal. Intussusception has been utilized in the elbow, hip, and diaphysis to optimize graft–host bone contact and achieve union. While ulna-utilizing procedures have been described for oncologic and traumatic indications, to our knowledge, double intussusception has not been described for salvage procedures after failed wrist arthroplasty. Clinical Relevance Intussuscepting the distal ulna within the distal radius and metacarpals as an interpositional arthrodesis provides autologous graft, increased surface contact, and length restoration in cases of poor bone quality and significant bone loss following revision of a total wrist implant.

Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence and heteroplasmy level(s) of MT-RNR1 variants m.1555A > G and m.1494C > T, which are associated with aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss, in a general perinatal population. This study also aimed to characterize the association of these variants and their heteroplasmy levels with hearing loss outcomes with and without aminoglycoside exposure. Study Design Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction was performed on 479 maternal DNA samples from a general perinatal biobank at our institution to detect the presence and heteroplasmy levels of MT-RNR1 variants m.1555A > G and m.1494C > T. Testing of paired neonatal specimen(s) was planned for positive maternal tests. A retrospective chart review was performed to characterize the population, identify aminoglycoside exposures, and determine hearing outcomes. Results All maternal samples tested negative for MT-RNR1 variants m.1555A > G and m.1494C > T. Maternal and neonatal subjects had high rates of aminoglycoside exposure (15.9 and 13.9%, respectively). No subjects with sensorineural or mixed hearing loss had documented aminoglycoside exposure. Conclusion This study demonstrated that a larger sample size is needed to establish the prevalence of these variants as no subjects tested positive. Determination of variant prevalence in the neonatal population, association of variant heteroplasmy levels with hearing outcomes, and reliability of maternal testing as a surrogate for neonatal testing are important next steps toward universal prenatal or newborn screening. Key Points

Abstract Background Cadaveric dissection remains a preferred and irreplaceable learning modality among neurosurgery residents. We aimed to develop and describe a tiered, quantifiable, and practical curriculum for cranial neurosurgical anatomy education. We report the structure and evaluation of our 2-year pilot study to serve as a suggested guide for other neurosurgery programs. Methods Our Complex Cranial Dissection Program is tailored to the needs of junior-level neurosurgery residents based on their postgraduation years 1 to 4. Dissections are performed in a sequential manner, each of which emphasize a particular set of manual skills and neuroanatomical knowledge. Dissections are scored on a scale of 10 points. The grading was based on specific landmarks and anatomical structures, which need to be exposed, explored, and preserved. Results Out of 16 residents, 14 individuals (87.5%) attended the dissections in the first iteration of the program and 16 individuals (100%) attended the dissections in the second iteration. A total of 17 dissections were performed across all years. In survey feedback about the program, 100% (Year 1) and 94% (Year 2) of residents considered the assigned dissections to be appropriate for their respective training levels. Further, 100% (Year 1) and 94% (Year 2) of residents endorsed that the dissections were important and helpful for their practice prior to similar operating room experiences. Conclusion The development and implementation of structured dissection programs within residency training, along with dedicated staff, and objective feedback serve a crucial role in neurosurgical education to further develop and enhance surgical skills in the operative setting.

AbstractSurgery remains a critical and often necessary intervention for a subset of patients with epilepsy. The overarching objective of surgical treatment has consistently been to enhance the quality of life for these individuals, either by achieving seizure freedom or by eliminating debilitating seizure types. This review specifically examines minimally invasive surgical approaches for epilepsy. Contemporary advancements have introduced a range of treatments that offer increased safety and efficacy compared to traditional open resective epilepsy surgeries. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of these techniques and technologies.

AbstractThe role of long‐term parenteral support in patients with underlying benign conditions who do not have intestinal failure (IF) is contentious, not least since there are clear benefits in utilising the oral or enteral route for nutritional support. Furthermore, the risks of long‐term home parenteral nutrition (HPN) are significant, with significant impacts on morbidity and mortality. There has, however, been a recent upsurge of the use of HPN in patients with conditions such as gastro‐intestinal neuromuscular disorders, opioid bowel dysfunction, disorders of gut–brain interaction and possibly eating disorders, who do not have IF. As a result, the European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN), the European Society of Neuro‐gastroenterology and Motility (ESNM) and the Rome Foundation for Disorders of Gut Brain Interaction felt that a position statement is required to clarify – and hopefully reduce the potential for harm associated with – the use of long‐term parenteral support in patients without IF. Consensus opinion is that HPN should not be prescribed for patients without IF, where the oral and/or enteral route can be utilised. On the rare occasions that PN commencement is required to treat life‐threatening malnutrition in conditions such as those listed above, it should only be prescribed for a time‐limited period to achieve nutritional safety, while the wider multi‐disciplinary team focus on more appropriate biopsychosocial holistic and rehabilitative approaches to manage the patient's primary underlying condition.