Citations

AbstractVerruconis gallopava is an environmental dematiaceous fungus that is recognized increasingly as a cause of human disease, especially for immunocompromised persons. Infection can range from superficial and localized lesions to pulmonary involvement and disseminated disease, including central nervous system abscesses. Optimal therapy is undefined. We report a patient post cardiac transplant who had pulmonary infection with V gallopava and was treated successfully with posaconazole.

Measurements of conduction velocity of the motor fibers of the ulnar nerve in the segment between the upper part of the arm and the wrist were made in 6 premature infants, 42 full-term newborn infants and 98 children up through the age of 14 years. In premature infants, 21 – 40 days before full term, values ranged from 18 to 22 meters per second with a mean of 21. Full-term newborn infants had velocities that ranged from 21 to 33 m.p.s., with a mean of 28. The values in the newborn were about one-half those of normal young adults, which range from 47 to 73 m.p.s. (mean, 60). By the age of 3 years almost all values were in the lower part of the adult range and, at 5 years, the velocities were not significantly different from those of the adult. These observations are in harmony with information about the diameter of nerve fibers during growth in man. The H-reflex could be elicited by stimulation of the ulnar nerve in almost every newborn infant. By the age of 1 year and thereafter it could rarely be elicited. Between the elbow and wrist, afferent fibers subserving this reflex conducted with a mean velocity of 30 m.p.s. Data on the action potential of the hypothenar muscles, residual latency of conduction in the ulnar nerve, latency of the H-reflex and conduction in the peroneal nerve in infants and children are compared with those on adults. Submitted on July 15, 1959

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Neuronal calcium channel antibodies are a biomarker of Lambert‐Eaton syndrome (LES) and cerebellar ataxia. We have encountered several patients with LES and cerebellar ataxia coexisting, and we sought to further define this association. Methods: We reviewed records of patients at our institution with a diagnosis of “Lambert‐Eaton syndrome” and “cerebellar ataxia.” Results: Seventeen patients were identified with LES and ataxia. Presenting symptoms were weakness (8), concurrent weakness and ataxia (4), ataxia (4), and other (1). Nine patients had small‐cell lung carcinoma, 3 of whom had survival greater than 100 months. Immunotherapy responses were best among patients without cancer. Nine of 17 (53%) patients were alive at last follow‐up (median survival 62 months; range, 8–240). Discussion: Calcium channel autoimmunity should be considered in patients with coexisting cerebellar ataxia and myasthenic weakness. Affected patients may survive small‐cell carcinoma or have immunotherapy‐responsive neurological symptoms. Muscle Nerve 58: 29–35, 2018

Recordings of pressure and electric potentials from Biebl loops of the duodenum of trained dogs were used to quantitate and to determine relationships among basic electric rhythm (BER), irregular bursts of spike potentials, and motor action of the duodenum. After control periods, morphine was used to stimulate rhythmic motor activity. The omnipresence of a stable, longitudinally propagated BER was demonstrated, each phase of which was detected simultaneously by electrodes arranged radially in the wall of the gut. Spike potentials were recorded whenever contraction of the gut wall was detected. The spikes occurred during a limited segment of the BER. Their number and amplitude were directly related to the strength of the contractions. Under control conditions, duodenal contractions associated with the spike potentials produced type I waves in the pressure record. Neither the spike potentials nor the type I contractions were conducted more than a few centimeters. With morphine only the latter portion of the BER showed minor changes. Incidence of spike potentials and contractions was increased. Occasionally morphine induced motor spasms, accompanied by a prolonged series of spike-like potentials and disruption of the BER.

In preparation for a study of the electric activity in the wall of the gastroduodenal junction in unanesthetized trained dogs, the pyloric portion of the stomach (antrum), the pylorus, and the first portion of the duodenum were exteriorized surgically. When the animals were fully recovered, needle electrodes were inserted into the wall of the bowel for the detection of electric activity. The pylorus was found to act as an "electric insulator" between the stomach and the duodenum. The basic electric rhythm (BER) and the fast or spike activity detected in both the pyloric canal and the duodenal bulb became attenuated in the pylorus and usually disappeared in it. The BER of the antrum had a mean frequency of 4.4 cycle/min and spike potentials sometimes were associated with it. The frequency of the BER in the duodenal bulb was the same as in the duodenum but its voltage was less and its form more irregular. Spike potentials in the bulb occurred during a greater portion of the BER and had a greater tendency to distort the BER than in the more distal duodenum.

Action potentials of single vagal afferent nerve fibers from slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors, transpulmonary pressure and rate of air flow were recorded in anesthetized cats with open thoraxes during varied volumes and rates of inflation and deflation of the lungs. Both discharge frequency and total transpulmonary pressure varied with lung volume and also with its rate and sign of change. Effects of acceleration of volume on discharge frequency were not observed. The receptors provide signals related to the work of breathing.