Brock, Marianna Facchinetti

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de gestação não planejada (GNP) em oito hospitais públicos universitários, distribuídos nas cinco regiões que compõem o Brasil. MÉTODOS: Análise secundária de um estudo transversal multicêntrico nacional, realizado em oito hospitais universitários públicos, entre 1º de junho e 31 de agosto de 2020, no Brasil. Amostra por conveniência incluindo mulheres que deram à luz em período de sessenta dias consecutivos e atenderam aos seguintes critérios: maiores de 18 anos; idade gestacional acima de 36 semanas no parto; com recém-nascido único e vivo, sem malformações. RESULTADOS: Amostra composta por 1.120 puérperas, das quais 756 (67,5%) declararam que a gravidez não tinha sido programada. A mediana da prevalência de GNP foi de 59,7%. Observou-se diferença significativa na prevalência de GNP entre os hospitais: Campinas (54,8%), Porto Alegre (58,2%), Florianópolis (59%), Teresina (61,2%), Brasília (64,3%), São Paulo (64,6%), Campo Grande (73,9%) e Manaus (95,3%) (p < 0,001). Foram fatores significativamente associados a GNP a idade materna, cor negra, menor renda familiar, maior número de filhos, maior número de pessoas convivendo em casa e não ter parceiro. CONCLUSÃO: na amostra estudada, cerca de dois terços das gestações foram declaradas como não programadas. A prevalência de gestação não planejada teve relação com fatores sociais e demográficos e variou significativamente entre os hospitais universitários avaliados.

Abstract Objective To study maternal anxiety in pregnant women without comorbidities in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak in Brazil and to study maternal knowledge and concerns about the pandemic. Methods This is a secondary analysis from a national multicenter cross-sectional study performed in 10 cities, from June to August, 2020, in Brazil. Interviewed postpartum women, without medical or obstetrical comorbidities, were included in the present subanalysis. A structured questionnaire and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were applied. Results Out of the 1,662 women, 763 (45.9%) met the criteria for the current analysis and 16.1% presented with moderate and 11.5% with severe maternal anxiety. Moderate or severe maternal anxiety was associated with high school education (odds ratio [OR]:1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.04–2.40). The protective factor was cohabiting with a partner (OR: 0.46; 95%CI: 0.29–0.73). There was a positive correlation between the total BAI score and receiving information about care in the pandemic (rpartial 0.15; p < 0.001); concern about vertical transmission of COVID-19 (rpartial 0.10; p = 0.01); receiving information about breastfeeding (rpartial 0.08; p = 0.03); concerns about prenatal care (rpartial 0.10; p = 0.01), and concerns about the baby contracting COVID-19 (rpartial 0.11; p = 0.004). The correlation was negative in the following aspects: self-confidence in protecting from COVID-19 (rpartial 0.08; p = 0.04), having learned (rpartial 0.09; p = 0.01) and self-confidence in breastfeeding (rpartial 0.22; p < 0.001) in the context of the pandemic. Conclusion The anxiety of pregnant women without medical or obstetrical comorbidities was associated to high school educational level and not living with a partner during the COVID-19 pandemic. Self-confidence in protecting against COVID-19 and knowledge about breastfeeding care during the pandemic reduced maternal anxiety.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have an effect on maternal anxiety and influence postpartum experience. Objective: To study the prevalence of maternal anxiety in late pregnancy in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak in Brazil and to analyze its association with maternal knowledge and concerns about the pandemic. Methods: This was a national multicenter cross-sectional study performed in 10 different public university hospitals, between 1 June and 31 August 2020, in Brazil. The inclusion criteria were: maternal age more than 18 years; gestational age more than 36 weeks at childbirth; single alive newborn without malformations; and absence of mental disorders. We applied a structured questionnaire to explore the knowledge and concerns about COVID-19. Maternal anxiety was assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Results: Of the 1662 women interviewed, the BAI score in late pregnancy indicated that 13.9% presented moderate and 9.6% severe maternal anxiety. Moderate or severe maternal anxiety was independently associated with the fear of being unaccompanied at childbirth (aOR1.12, 95% CI 1.10–1.35), and independent protective factors were confidence in knowing how to protect oneself from COVID-19 (aOR0.89, 95% CI 0.82–0.97) and how to safely breastfeed (aOR0.89, 95% CI 0.83–0.95). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on maternal anxiety.