Citations

Background: Remote patient monitoring (RPM) is an emerging focus in health care, and specialized programs may reduce medical costs, supplement in-office visits, and improve patient satisfaction. In this study, we describe the development, feasibility, and early outcomes of an RPM program for patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Methods: Forty-six patients were offered enrollment at the time of hospital discharge in the cirrhosis RPM program (CiRPM), of which 41 completed at least 30 days of monitoring. Participants were mailed remote monitoring equipment and a tablet to be used for patient-reported outcomes. Alerts were continuously monitored by virtual nursing staff who could perform targeted interventions. A cohort of historical controls (n = 74) was created for comparison using inverse probability of treatment weighting. Results: Patients were enrolled in the program for a mean of 83.9 days, with 28 (68%) completing the full 90-day program. Participants uploaded vital signs and responded to symptom-based questionnaires on 93% of the monitored days. On end-of-program surveys, over 75% of patients expressed satisfaction with the program. Gender, age, and MELD-Na were similar between CiRPM and weighted control groups. The 90-day readmission rate was 34% in CiRPM and 47% in weighted controls. In the CiRPM group, 12% of subjects had 2 or more admissions, compared to 37% in the weighted control group. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the feasibility of a cirrhosis-specific RPM program. Overall, patient satisfaction and utilization of the CiRPM was high. Future studies are needed to confirm the impact of RPM on the reduction of hospital readmissions in decompensated cirrhosis.

Abstract The ZRSR2 gene is a member of the spliceosome gene family which are frequently mutated in myeloid neoplasms. ZRSR2 mutations (ZRSR2m) occur in less than 5% of MDS, CMML, and AML. Our study included 164 ZRSR2m patients (98.8% males) and 98 ZRSR2wt MDS control cohort. In the ZRSR2m group, there were 53 MDS (32%), 39 CCUS (24%), 33 MPN (20%), 23 MDS/MPN overlap (14%), 15 AML (9%), and 1 MPAL (0.6%). Most MDS patients were the low blast subtype (n=37, 70%). Twenty-seven MDS patients (51%), and 23 CCUS patients (59%) had absolute monocyte count ≥0.5 x109/L and 18 of 23 MDS/MPN overlap were CMML (78%). Mutations in ZRSR2 were spread across the entire gene. The median number of co-mutations was 2, with TET2 (51%) and ASXL1 (32%) being the most common. U2AF1 and SRSF2, previously described as mutually exclusive with ZRSR2, were found in 10.4% of patients. Median overall survival (OS) was 51 months, and significantly varied among MNs (p=0.004). ZRSR2m MDS patients had better mOS than the MDS control cohort with ZRSR2wt (35 vs 22 months, p=0.013). ZRSR2m patients with isolated TET2 co-mutation and higher hemoglobin showed improved survival, while patients with RUNX1m, higher WBC count showed worse OS.

Introduction: Glioblastoma is a uniformly lethal primary central nervous system neoplasm. Despite the increased understanding of its pathophysiology and treatment advancements, median overall survival for patients with glioblastoma, IDH-wild type remains 14 to 21 months from diagnosis. Case Report: We present the case of a 48-year-old female who presented with a focal seizure and was found to have a right frontal lobe mass on the brain magnetic resonance imaging. She underwent gross total resection and received a histological diagnosis of glioblastoma. She received radiotherapy and 6 cycles of carmustine (BCNU). Seventeen months later, she developed left hemiparesis. Imaging was concerning for tumor progression, and she was treated with 1 cycle of mechlorethamine, vincristine (oncovin), procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP). Subsequent surveillance imaging demonstrated a therapeutic response. Twenty-seven years after her glioblastoma diagnosis, she developed status epilepticus and died from respiratory failure. Neuropathology on autopsy demonstrated extensive treatment-related changes but no evidence of recurrent glioblastoma. Genomic testing performed over 30 years after her original diagnosis revealed a profile diagnostic of glioblastoma, IDH-wild type per 2021 World Health Organization criteria. Conclusions: This patient is one of the longest-known survivors of glioblastoma, IDH-wild type, with pathologic confirmation of glioblastoma at the time of her resection and no evidence of residual disease 26 years after her last treatment. She presented with multiple factors associated with long-term glioblastoma survivorship, including female sex, young age, high Karnofsky score, and multimodal therapy. This case shows that long-term survival after glioblastoma diagnosis is possible and likely mediated through a combination of individual, tumor, and treatment factors.

Background: Ph-like ALL is a high-risk subset of B-lineage ALL that responds poorly to standard chemotherapy regimens. While allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is routinely recommended for patients with Ph-like ALL, large multicenter data addressing its role is limited. Here, we conducted a multicenter study to evaluate the role of HCT in adolescent and young adult (AYA) and adult patients (pts) with Ph-like ALL and compare their outcomes to pts with Ph-pos and Ph-neg (non-Ph-like) ALL. Methods: The study included pts (age ≥18) with B-lineage ALL who received HCT in first complete remission (CR1) at 3 academic centers (MD Anderson Cancer Center, City of Hope and Mayo Clinic) between 2006 and 2021. Pts were divided into 3 main subgroups: Ph-like, Ph-pos and Ph-neg ALL. Ph-like ALL cases were identified using cumulative data obtained by targeted RNA sequencing, conventional cytogenetics, FISH studies, whole genome chromosomal microarray and flow cytometry. Measurable residual disease (MRD) prior to HCT was measured using flow cytometry with a sensitivity of 0.01% for Ph-neg and Ph-like ALL, and with a PCR assay for BCR::ABL1 for Ph-pos ALL. MRD-negativity was defined as <0.01%. Predictors of relapse were evaluated in univariate and multivariate analysis using Fine-Gray sub-distribution hazard models considering non-relapse mortality (NRM) as a competing risk. Results: 673 patients were identified, 83 (12.3%) had Ph-like ALL, of which 73% had CRLF2-alterations. The remaining patients were classified either as Ph-pos (N=271, 40.3%) or Ph-neg ALL (N=319, 47.4%). Patients with Ph-like ALL were younger (median age 40 years vs 48 and 46 years for Ph-pos and Ph-neg ALL, respectively, p=0.01), more likely to be of Hispanic ethnicity (69% vs 32% and 48% for Ph-pos and Ph-neg ALL respectively, p<0.001). Patients with Ph-like ALL were also more likely to have induction failure (24% vs 2% and 11% for Ph-pos and Ph-neg ALL, respectively, p=0.001). A summary of pts characteristics for each subgroup can be found in Table 1. The median follow-up was 30, 52 and 48 months for patients with Ph-like, Ph-pos and Ph-neg ALL, respectively. In univariate analysis, 3-yr OS and PFS did not differ significantly (66% and 59% vs 59% and 54%, p=0.1) between patients with Ph-like and Ph-neg ALL, respectively. Similarly, the cumulative incidence of relapse was comparable between patients with Ph-like and Ph-neg ALL (22% vs 20%, respectively, p=0.7). In contrast, the 3-yr OS (75%, p<0.001) and PFS (70%, p=0.001) were significantly higher and relapse rate significantly lower (12%, p=0.003) in pts with Ph-pos ALL compared with Ph-like or Ph-neg ALL (Figure 1). The inferior survival in patients with Ph-like and Ph-neg ALL was likely attributable to higher relapse rates (22% and 20% vs 12%, respectively, p=0.003) compared to Ph-pos ALL. Finally, the 3-yr NRM rate in patients with Ph-like ALL was comparable (20% vs 18% and 23%, respectively, p>0.1) to Ph-pos and Ph-neg ALL. We confirmed that the relapse rate in patients with Ph-like ALL was comparable to the rate in pts with Ph-neg ALL (HR=1.02, 95% CI 0.6-1.8, p=0.9) on multivariate analysis (MVA). Ph-pos ALL was associated with a significantly lower relapse rate compared with Ph-neg ALL (HR=0.4, 95% CI 0.3-0.7, p<0.001). MRD positivity prior to allo-HCT was the only additional significant predictor for relapse on MVA (HR=2.9, 95% CI 1.8-4.7, p<0.001). Conclusions: HCT appears to overcome the poor prognosis of patients with Ph-like ALL. Despite higher induction failure rates, patients with Ph-like ALL undergoing HCT in CR1 had similar outcomes to other Ph-neg ALL subsets. The impact of effective salvage therapy leading to MRD-negativity in CR1 in this group is under investigation and will be reported. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of different Ph-like alterations on HCT outcomes. Outcomes for patients with Ph-pos ALL are significantly better than other groups, likely due to the use of TKIs pre- and post-HCT.

Background: Clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS) is characterized by the presence of a clone with somatic mutations in genes associated with myeloid neoplasms (MN) or abnormal cytogenetics, along with unexplained and persistent cytopenias in the absence of significant marrow dysplasia. CCUS is considered a premalignant state with a risk of progression to MN. The clinical outcomes of patients (pts) with high risk CCUS (Weeks et al, NEJM Evidence 2023) may be similar that of some patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). This study aims to predict the outcomes of CCUS patients using the molecular international prognostic scoring system (IPSS-M) developed for MDS. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted in patients diagnosed with CCUS between 2015 and 2023, we included patients harboring pathogenic mutations (MUT) identified through next-generation sequencing (NGS) testing at two institutions: Mayo Clinic and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA were included. Progression was considered present if patients with CCUS progressed into myeloid neoplasm at follow up. Statistical analysis was performed using JMP® 17.1.0 Software. IPSS-M risk scores were calculated via the IPSS-M Risk Calculator (mds-risk-model.com). Results: A total of 103 patients were included in the study. The median age was 72 years, the majority were male patients (73%), and the median bone marrow blast % at the time of NGS was 1%. Forty-five % had an isolated mutation in a single gene, and 55% had co-mutations in ≥1 gene. The median number of mutations was 2 (range 1 - 5), occurring across 43 different genes. The most common mutations were in TET2 (N=28; 27%), ASXL1 (N=21; 20%), SRSF2 (N=21; 20%), U2AF1 (N=18; 17%), DNMT3A (N=16; 16%), and TP53 (N=12; 12%). Additionally, 25% of patients had an abnormal karyotype. Hematologic and genetic characteristics are summarized in (Table 1A). The median IPSS-M score was -0.9 (-3 to +2.34) and the median IPSS- Revised (R) score was 2 (0 - 6). The majority of patients had low (L) IPSS-M risk category (53%), followed by moderate low (ML) (19%) and very low (VL) (17%). Per IPSS-R, the majority had low-risk category (47%), followed by VL (38%) and intermediate (14%). Overall, 26 (25%) pt died after a median follow-up of 34 months and 21% progressed to MN (MDS 14 & CMML 8), and 1 patient with MDS and 1 with CMML progressed to secondary AML (2%). The median overall survival (mOS) was not reached, with a 2-year estimated (YE) OS and leukemia-free survival (LFS) of 80%. Predictive Power: When utilizing the IPSS-M risk category ( L, M, H) * by combining the risk categories into L *(L+VL), M * (ML+MH), and H *(H+VH) to overcome the low sample size limitation, it significantly predicted OS (p < .0001) ( Figure 1A) and median MN-free survival (FS) (p < .0001) ( Figure 1B). The 2YE-OS rates by IPSS-M risk category were as follows: VL - 93%, L - 87%, ML - 75%, high (H) - 25%, very high (VH) - 0% and the 2YE-OS rates by IPSS-M ( L, M, H) are summarized in Table 1B. IPSS-M hazard ratio (HR) for OS was 1.6 for ( M*) compared to 25 for ( H *) risk category (p < .0001). The ( L *) category, being the largest, was used as the reference level. Conclusion: This study provides the first real-world experience of using the IPSS-M and a modified version of the IPSS-M ( L, M, H) * risk category model to predict survival and progression into MN in CCUS (MUT) pt. The IPSS-M risk category was found to be a significant predictor of OS and MN-free survival. We propose that larger cohorts are needed to validate our findings.