Citations

Due to frequent abnormal breathing events and their effects on sleep architecture, patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) exhibit decreased amounts of slow wave sleep (SWS). Reduced SWS has been linked to hypertension in community-based studies. We sought to investigate whether SWS percentage modifies the association between OSA and prevalent hypertension. We studied 7107 patients with OSA and 1118 primary snorers who underwent in-laboratory polysomnography. Patients were classified into quartiles of percent SWS. Hypertension was defined based either on clinic blood pressure measures or on physician diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression model showed a significant interaction effect of OSA and SWS on prevalent hypertension ( P =0.002). Decreased SWS was associated with higher odds for hypertension in OSA but not in primary snoring, with patients with OSA exhibiting <0.1% SWS (OR, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.21–1.70]; P =0.001) and those with 0.1% to 4.8% SWS (OR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.03–1.40]; P =0.02) being more likely to have hypertension compared with those with >11.1% SWS. In analysis stratified by OSA severity, significant associations between percent SWS and blood pressure emerged only in moderate and severe OSA. Effect modifications by sex ( P =0.040) and age ( P =0.007) were also only evident in OSA, indicating that decreased SWS was associated with hypertension only in men and in patients <60 years old. Decreased SWS is associated with a dose-dependent increase in odds of prevalent hypertension in patients with OSA. The effects of SWS are likely to be modulated by OSA severity. SWS may be implicated in the heightened risk of cardiovascular diseases exhibited by patients with OSA.

AbstractOur prior studies identified the prognostic significance of quantifying cPCs by multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients. We evaluated if a similar quantification of cPCs could add prognostic value to the current R‐ISS classification of 556 consecutive NDMM patients seen at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester from 2009 to 2017. Those patients that had ≥5 cPCs/μL and either R‐ISS stage I or stage II disease were re‐classified as R‐ISS IIB stage for the purposes of this study. The median time to next therapy (TTNT) and overall survival (OS) for patients with ≥5 cPCs/μL at diagnosis was as follows: R‐ISS I (N = 110) ‐ 40 months and not reached; R‐ISS II (N = 69) ‐ 30 and 72 months; R‐ISS IIB (N = 96) ‐ 21 and 45 months and R‐ISS III (N = 281) ‐ 20 and 47 months respectively. Finally, ≥ 5 cPCs/μL retained its adverse prognostic significance in a multivariable model for TTNT and OS. Hence, quantifying cPCs by MFC can potentially enhance the R‐ISS classification of a subset of NDMM patients with stage I and II disease by identifying those patients with a worse than expected survival outcome.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the association between hypovitaminosis D and outcomes of symptom severity, mood disorders, fatigue, and quality of life in fibromyalgia (FM) patients. Methods Five hundred ninety-three FM patients were surveyed from May 2012 to November 2013. Patients with serum vitamin D &lt;25 ng/mL were considered to have hypovitaminosis D. The primary outcome was FM symptom severity (FIQ-R questionnaire). Secondary outcomes included quality of life (SF-36), fatigue (MFI-20), anxiety (GAD-7), and depression (PHQ-9). Independent t tests and chi-square tests were performed for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Regression analysis was performed adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, ethnicity, and season. A post hoc analysis examined for correlation between outcomes and serum vitamin D (ng/mL) as a continuous variable. Results One hundred twenty-two patients (20.6%) had hypovitaminosis D. In our adjusted regression analysis, the total FIQ-R score in patients with hypovitaminosis D was higher compared with control patients with adequate serum vitamin D (57.85 ± 18.09 vs 62.79 ± 18.10, P = 0.04). Adjusted regression analysis revealed higher total GAD-7 (P = 0.01) and higher total PHQ-9 scores (P = 0.04) in patients with hypovitaminosis D compared with control patients. There were no differences based on severity of depression or anxiety. No differences in fatigue or quality of life were identified. Unadjusted post hoc analysis revealed that as serum vitamin D increased, there was an association with lower total FIQ-R (β coefficient = –0.11, P = 0.02) and lower SF-36 subscale scores of role-physical (β coefficient = –0.10, P = 0.03). Adjusted post hoc analysis revealed no significant associations. Conclusions Hypovitaminosis D may be a risk factor for worse symptom severity, anxiety, and depression in FM patients.

Quality measurement is at the heart of efforts to achieve high-quality surgical and medical care at a lower cost. Without accurate quality measures, it is not possible to appropriately align incentives with quality. The aim of these National Quality Forum (NQF) guidelines is to provide measure developers and other stakeholders with guidance on the standards used by the NQF to evaluate the scientific acceptability of performance measures. Using a methodologically rigorous and transparent process for evaluating health care quality measures is the best insurance that alternative payment plans will truly reward and promote higher quality care. Performance measures need to be credible in order for physicians and hospitals to willingly partner with payers in efforts to improve population outcomes. Our goal in creating this position paper is to promote the transparency of NQF evaluations, improve the quality of performance measurements, and engage surgeons and all other stakeholders to work together to advance the science of performance measurement.

AbstractBackgroundThe accurate separation of undifferentiated wide complex tachycardias (WCTs) into ventricular tachycardia (VT) or supraventricular wide complex tachycardia (SWCT) using conventional, manually‐applied 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation methods is difficult.PurposeWe sought to devise a new WCT differentiation method that operates solely on automated measurements routinely provided by computerized ECG interpretation software.MethodsIn a two‐part analysis, we developed and validated a logistic regression model (ie, VT Prediction Model) that utilizes routinely available computerized measurements derived from patients' paired WCT and baseline ECGs.ResultsThe derivation cohort consisted of 601 paired WCT (273 VT, 328 SWCT) and baseline ECGs from 421 patients. The VT Prediction Model, composed of WCT QRS duration (ms) (P < .0001), QRS duration change (ms) (P < .0001), QRS axis change (°) (P < .0001) and T axis change (°) (P < .0001), yielded effective VT and SWCT differentiation (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.924; confidence interval [CI]: 0.903‐0.944) for the derivation cohort. The validation cohort comprised 241 paired WCT (97 VT, 144 SWCT) and baseline ECGs from 177 patients. The VT Prediction Model's implementation on the validation cohort yielded effective WCT differentiation (AUC: 0.900; CI: 0.862‐0.939) with overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 85.0%, 80.4%, and 88.2%, respectively.ConclusionThe VT Prediction Model is an example of how readily available ECG measurements may be used to distinguish VT and SWCT effectively. Further study is needed to develop and refine newer WCT differentiation approaches that utilize computerized measurements provided by ECG interpretation software.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between performance on a clinical speech-in-noise measure with a comprehensive neurocognitive battery of tests. Method A group of older adults ( N = 250, M age = 77 years, age range: 67.3–89.1 years) enrolled in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study took part in the hearing pilot study (2013) that included testing for audiometric thresholds and speech-in-noise performance (Quick Speech-in-Noise Test; Killion, Niquette, Gudmundsen, Revit, & Banerjee, 2004). This research study analyzed the associations between domain-specific cognitive function and speech-in-noise performance after adjusting for hearing thresholds and other demographic and cardiovascular factors. Results Multivariable-adjusted associations were found between all cognitive domains and speech-in-noise performance in the full sample, but the observed associations varied when participants with varying levels of moderate to moderately severe hearing loss were excluded from the analysis. Conclusions The findings are discussed in terms considering the cognitive status of older adults in relation to their speech-in-noise performance during audiological evaluation and implications for aural rehabilitation.

Key Points The MAGIC algorithm probability, computed from 2 serum biomarkers, predicts mortality in all GVHD grades after 4 weeks of treatment. Dynamic changes in the MAGIC algorithm probability occur within all biomarker risk groups and can guide therapy.

AbstractHistological transformation in Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is an uncommon complication, with limited data, particularly regarding the impact of MYD88 L265P mutation on transformation. We examined risk factors and outcomes associated with transformation in WM, highlighting the role of MYD88 L265P mutation. Patients with WM seen at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA and University Hospital of Reims, France, between 01/01/1996 and December 31, 2017 were included; 50 (4.3%) of 1147 patients transformed to a high‐grade lymphoma, with median time‐to‐transformation of 4.5 (range 0‐21) years in the transformed cohort. The MYD88 L265P mutation status was known in 435/1147 (38%) patients (406 with non‐transformed WM and 29 patients in transformed cohort). On multivariate analysis, MYD88 WT status alone was an independent predictor of transformation (odds ratio, 7[95%CI: 2.1‐23]; P = .003). Additionally, the MYD88 WT status was independently associated with shorter time‐to‐transformation (HR 7.9 [95%CI: 2.3‐27; P = .001]), with a 5‐year transformation rate of 16% for MYD88 WT vs 2.8% with MYD88 L265P mutated patients. Patients with transformation demonstrated a significant increase in risk of death compared to patients who did not transform (HR 5.075; 95%CI: 3.8‐6.8; P < .001). In conclusion, the MYD88 WT status is an independent predictor of transformation and associated with a shorter time‐to‐transformation. Additionally, transformation conferred an inferior overall survival in patients with WM.