Citations

ABSTRACTBackgroundCalcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) is a biostimulatory filler frequently used in a hyperdilute form to improve skin quality. While generally safe, nodule formation is the most common adverse event, particularly in dynamic areas.AimsTo describe a case of delayed‐onset CaHA nodules in the neck and review anatomical and procedural factors contributing to this complication, as well as prevention and management strategies.PatientA 72‐year‐old woman underwent three sessions of hyperdilute CaHA injections to the neck, with recent or concurrent onabotulinumtoxinA injections. After the third treatment, which followed a longer interval since her last botulinum toxin injection, she developed multiple firm, non‐tender nodules. A stepwise approach with intralesional saline injections—initially using needles and later a cannula—was implemented.ResultsInitial saline injections with small‐gauge needles yielded minimal improvement. Transitioning to a 22G cannula enabled both saline delivery and mechanical disruption, resulting in complete resolution after five total treatments. The patient has remained recurrence‐free for over 2 years.ConclusionsNodule formation following CaHA injection is most often due to product aggregation, and is particularly common in dynamic areas with thin overlying skin. Combining treatment with botulinum toxin may reduce this risk by limiting movement. Other preventive strategies include using higher dilutions of CaHA, avoiding high‐risk areas, and optimizing injection depth. When nodules do occur, mechanical disruption with a cannula combined with saline injection is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive first‐line treatment.

AbstractBackgroundThe growing popularity of aesthetic procedures involving fillers, biostimulators, and neurotoxins has prompted concerns about patient safety. To address these concerns, a global Safety Task Force (STF) was formed.AimsThe inaugural STF meeting prioritized vascular compromise prevention and management, guiding clinical trial design and materials for future meetings, and collecting data from experts on current safety methods.MethodsThe STF was formed and consisted of 16 experts from nine different countries, with each possessing distinct expertise in various fields related to aesthetic injectables. Current safety data, protocols, knowledge gaps and future research priorities were discussed and voted upon.ResultsThe establishment of a global database for tracking filler‐related AEs was favored by 93% of participants. Discussions revolved around the database's scope, data standardization, and whether non‐medical contributors should be included. Aspiration as a safety technique garnered support from 73% of participants. Approximately 43% of participants incorporate ultrasound in their injections, with divergent opinions on its impact and potential when used as a standard of practice versus in AE management. Most physicians on the task force incorporated cannula use for some of their injections (93%). There were varying perspectives on treatments for vascular adverse events (VAE), the primary causes, and the adoption of new protocols in the field.ConclusionsThe STF meeting underscored the need for a coordinated effort to address complications related to HA fillers, including VAE management and hyaluronidase protocols. Reliable treatment endpoints were evaluated, but improved measurement methods are needed. Future meetings will focus on addressing delayed complications, furthering safety in this field.

AbstractBackgroundThe Hispanic/Latin American population is the fastest growing non‐Caucasian group in the United States. Within this group, demand for aesthetic procedures is on the rise. High ethnic variability among these patients influences treatment approaches and patient priorities. Understanding these ethnic differences is central to providing optimal care.AimsTo discuss similarities and differences in anatomy and treatment preferences of Hispanic/Latin American patients both within the United States and internationally and explore how these differences may influence or inform aesthetic practices.Patients/MethodsIn support of clinicians who wish to serve a diverse patient population, a 6‐part, international roundtable series focused on diversity in aesthetics was conducted from August 24, 2021 to May 16, 2022. In this roundtable, held in Medellin, Columbia, expert clinicians from across Latin America and the United States were invited to contribute and share best practices.ResultsThe results of the second roundtable in the series, the Latin American Patient, are described here. A special emphasis is placed on procedures that address the most commonly encountered concerns in these patients.ConclusionsHispanic and Latino patients represent a broad demographic with unique anatomical features, aesthetic preferences, and treatment priorities. Clinicians should consider these differences when treating this patient population.

AbstractObjectiveQuantifying the degree of dorsal hand atrophy is a challenging endeavor, but often necessary, in both the clinical and the research setting. The aim of this investigation was to create and consecutively validate a 5‐point photonumeric scale for assessment of dorsal hand atrophy.Material and MethodsA medical team created a novel 5‐point photonumeric scale. Twelve international raters were involved in the digital validation, while five raters performed a live validation.ResultsFor the digital validation of the Croma Hand Atrophy Assessment Scale, a total of 72 subjects (58 females, 14 males) with a mean age of 43.0 ± 14.4 years [18–73 years] were assessed. For the live validation, 88 subjects (73 females, 15 males) with a mean age of 45.0 ± 14.1 years [20–73 years] were rated. The results revealed almost perfect intra‐rater (ICC: 0.90 [95% CI: 0.88–0.92]) and inter‐rater agreements (ICC: 0.85 [95% CI: 0.81–0.89] and 0.86 [95% CI:0.82–0.89]) in the digital validation and substantial intra‐rater (ICC: 0.79 [95% CI: 0.75–0.82]) and inter‐rater agreements (ICC: 0.75 [95% CI: 0.68–0.81] and ICC: 0.67 [95% CI: 0.54–0.77]) in the live validation.ConclusionThe created scale to assess dorsal hand atrophy has been shown to provide substantial‐to‐almost perfect agreement in the digital and live validation cycles and reached comparable intra‐rater and inter‐rater agreement to already published and validated scales. It is expected that the created scale will help physicians and researchers in the assessment of hand atrophy in the clinical and research setting in the future.

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this investigation was to create and to examine the reproducibility and validity of 5‐point photonumeric assessment scales that allow objective assessment of chin retrusion and jawline sagging using a digital and a live validation.Material and methodsTwo new 5‐point photonumeric scales created to assess chin projection and jawline sagging were validated by 12 experts in a digital validation and by 5 experts in a live validation setting. Intra‐rater agreement and inter‐rater agreement were assessed.ResultsFor the digital validation, an almost perfect intra‐rater (Kappa: 0.89 [95% CI: 0.86–0.91]) and almost perfect inter‐rater agreement in both sessions (Kappa: 0.80 [95% CI: 0.74–0.86] and 0.80 [95% CI: 0.74–0.86]) was achieved for the Croma Chin Projection Assessment Scale, while intra‐rater agreement (Kappa: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.85–0.91]) was almost perfect for the Croma Jawline Sagging Assessment Scale and inter‐rater agreement being substantial in the first session (Kappa: 0.76 [95% CI: 0.71–0.81]) and almost perfect in the second session (Kappa: 0.81 [95%CI: 0.76–0.85]). For the live validation, intra‐rater agreement was almost perfect for the Croma Chin Projection Assessment Scale (Kappa: 0.82 [95%CI: 0.74–0.90]) and the Croma Jawline Sagging Assessment Scale (Kappa: 0.83 [95%CI: 0.77–0.89]), while inter‐rater agreement was substantial in both sessions for both scales.ConclusionThe created chin and jawline photonumeric grading scales are valid and reliable tools for assessing chin projection and jawline sagging. The scales will be of value for standardized chin evaluation and quantifying outcomes in clinical research and daily practice.

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this investigation was to create and validate 5‐point photonumeric scales for the assessment of dynamic crow's feet, static crow's feet, and infraorbital hollows.Material and methodsThree novel 5‐point photonumeric scales were created by a medical team. A total of 12 raters from all over the world performed a digital validation, and a total of 5 raters a live validation of the created scale.ResultsThe statistical analysis revealed almost perfect intra‐rater and inter‐rater reliability in the digital validation of the scales for the assessment of static and dynamic crow's feet as well as infraorbital hollows. In the live validation, both crow's feet scales showed almost perfect intra‐rater reliability, while the Croma Infraorbital Hollow Assessment Scale showed substantial intra‐rater reliability. Inter‐rater reliability was substantial for all three scales in the live validation. All three scales, the Croma Dynamic Crow's Feet Assessment Scale, Croma Static Crow's Feet Assessment Scale, and Croma Infraorbital Hollow Assessment Scale, were validated digitally and in a live setting.ConclusionThe created scales to assess infraorbital hollowing, dynamic and static crow's feet have been shown to provide substantial to almost perfect agreement in the digital and live validation and can thus be considered as helpful tools in the clinical and research setting. While technical methods and appliances to assess the degrees of severity of age‐dependent features are advancing, validated scales are of great importance due to their ease of use and, as shown by the validations, reliability, and reproducibility.

BACKGROUND Skin laxity of the upper knee and lower thigh is a common complaint among patients. OBJECTIVE This is a randomized, double-blinded, split-body, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of poly- l -lactic acid (PLLA) for treatment of upper knee skin laxity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty female subjects between the ages of 30 and 65 years with upper knee laxity were enrolled. The patients were randomized to receive 3 treatments of PLLA in 1 knee, whereas the other knee received 3 treatments of bacteriostatic water. RESULTS Statistically significant improvement as rated on the physician global aesthetic improvement scale was seen at Day 56 after final treatment in the active knee when compared with the placebo knee. This improvement was sustained at Day 84 and Day 168 after final treatment visits. No statistically significant difference was seen between the active and placebo knees on the subject global aesthetic score or the subject satisfaction scale. CONCLUSION Based on our study, PLLA may be a safe and effective modality in addressing upper knee skin laxity. Larger studies with longer follow-up times and a validated knee laxity scale are needed to further determine if and how much improvement can be achieved.

AbstractBackgroundWhile the temporal lifting technique has gained increasing attention, there is a dearth of objective and reliable evidence of its effects.AimThe objective of the present study is to analyze the ability of the temporal lifting technique to reduce the midfacial volume by soft tissue repositioning and to achieve an improved pan‐facial appearance by targeting exclusively the subdermal plane of the posterior and superior temple with soft tissue fillers.MethodsA total of 12 patients (1 male and 11 females) with a mean age of 36.75 ± 6.6 years and a mean body mass index of 23.04 ± 1.3 kg/m2 were included in this prospective clinical single‐center interventional study. Injection‐related outcome was evaluated utilizing 3D skin vector displacement and surface volume analyses and scoring based on five different evaluators.ResultsThree months after the treatment, the global esthetic improvement scale rating showed an improved outcome (3.08) when evaluated by the independent observers, very improved outcome when evaluated by the treating physician (4.33), and exceptional improvement when rated by the patient (4.83). Temporal volume improved by 0.36 (P < .001), lower cheek fullness by 0.47 (P < .001), and jawline contouring by 0.51 (P < .001). No major adverse events were reported during the 3‐month observational period.ConclusionObjective outcome measures have provided evidence that by augmenting the posterior superior temple the volume of the middle face can be reduced and the contour of the jawline can be accentuated; this is due to the underlying fascial anatomy and the resulting soft tissue re‐position.

Background: Cosmetic treatment of the forehead using neuromodulators is challenging. To avoid adverse events, the underlying anatomy has to be understood and thoughtfully targeted. Clinical observations indicate that eyebrow ptosis can be avoided if neuromodulators are injected in the upper forehead, despite the frontalis muscle being the primary elevator. Methods: Twenty-seven healthy volunteers (11 men and 16 women) with a mean age of 37.5 ± 13.7 years (range, 22 to 73 years) and of diverse ethnicity (14 Caucasians, four African Americans, three Asians, and six of Middle Eastern descent) were enrolled. Skin displacement vector analyses were conducted on maximal frontalis muscle contraction to calculate magnitude and direction of forehead skin movement. Results: In 100 percent of investigated volunteers, a bidirectional movement of the forehead skin was observed: the skin of the lower forehead moved cranially, whereas the skin of the upper forehead moved caudally. Both movements converged at a horizontal forehead line termed the line of convergence, or C-line. The position of the C-line relative to the total height of the forehead was 60.9 ± 10.2 percent in men and 60.6 ± 9.6 percent in women (p = 0.941). Independent of sex, the C-line was located at the second horizontal forehead line when counting from superior to inferior (men, n = 2; women, n = 2). No difference across ethnicities was detected. Conclusions: The identification of the C-line may potentially guide practitioners toward more predictable outcomes for forehead neuromodulator injections. Injections above the C-line could mitigate the risk of neuromodulator-induced brow ptosis.