Citations

Objective Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease marked by immune dysregulation, leading to progressive fibrosis and multiorgan dysfunction. Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (autoHCT) has demonstrated superiority over conventional immunosuppression in randomized trials yet remains underused in the United States. We report outcomes following implementation of autoHCT as a standard‐of‐care strategy at our institution. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with severe SSc undergoing autoHCT between April 1, 2020, and December 31, 2023. Eligibility required progressive disease despite standard immunosuppressive therapy. Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS). Secondary endpoints included cumulative incidence of relapse and nonrelapse mortality (NRM), organ‐specific outcomes, and transplant‐related complications. Results Twenty‐five patients underwent autoHCT. Median age was 46 years; 80% were female. At a median follow‐up of 23 (interquartile range 16.4–31.9) months, two‐year OS was 91.67% (95% confidence interval [CI] 81.25–100.0) and EFS was 74.51% (95% CI 58.78–94.45). Two‐year cumulative incidence of relapse was 23.93% (95% CI 4.27 –43.59), and NRM was 8.33% (95% CI 2.97–19.64). Significant improvement in Modified Rodnan Skin Score was observed at day +90 and +180 ( P < 0.05), whereas pulmonary function stabilized. Infectious complications occurred in 56% of patients, primarily viral reactivations. Conclusion Implementation of autoHCT for severe SSc in a multidisciplinary care model was associated with favorable survival and meaningful improvement in skin disease, with acceptable toxicity. Earlier referral and optimization of conditioning strategies may further reduce relapse and treatment‐related morbidity.

ABSTRACT Cutaneous manifestations of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are heterogeneous and may result from leukemic infiltration, secondary malignancies, infectious complications, or reactive inflammatory processes. Reactive angioendotheliomatosis (RAE) is a rare vascular proliferation that has only infrequently been reported in association with hematologic malignancies. We describe a 58‐year‐old man with high‐risk relapsed/refractory CLL harboring TP53 mutation and del(17p) who developed rapidly enlarging, fungating cutaneous lesions involving the right thumb, upper arm, and additional sites despite multiple prior therapies, including fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, rituximab, ibrutinib, and venetoclax. Histopathologic evaluation demonstrated dermal vascular proliferation with endothelial marker positivity (CD31, CD34, ERG, and vimentin), consistent with RAE and without evidence of leukemic infiltration. The lesions were refractory to local supportive measures but showed marked regression following treatment with CD19‐directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy using lisocabtagene maraleucel. Notably, cutaneous remission despite persistent measurable residual disease and eventual systemic relapse requiring allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. This discordance suggests that regression of RAE may be mediated through immune modulation and alteration of inflammatory or angiogenic pathways rather than direct elimination of cutaneous leukemia. To our knowledge, this is among the first reports describing resolution of paraneoplastic RAE following CAR T‐cell therapy in CLL, and it highlights the broader immunomodulatory effects of cellular immunotherapy beyond direct antitumor activity. Trial Registration The authors have confirmed clinical trial registration is not needed for this submission

Patients in the liso-cel plus ibrutinib cohort of the phase 1/2, open-label TRANSCEND CLL 004 study had relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) and received liso-cel (50×106 [dose level (DL)1] or 100×106 [DL2] chimeric antigen receptor-positive T cells) with concurrent ibrutinib from enrollment through 90 days after liso-cel infusion or longer per investigator discretion. Primary end point was complete response/remission (CR)/CR with incomplete marrow recovery (CRi) by investigator assessment. Among 56 patients who received ibrutinib plus liso-cel (DL1, n=5; DL2, n=51), median (range) age was 64.5 years (44‒77), 98% had high-risk cytogenetics, 55% had progression on Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor and venetoclax failure, and median (range) number of prior therapies was 5 (1‒13). Median (range) follow-up was 24.8 months (3.1‒51.8). At DL2, CR/CRi rate was 45% (95% confidence interval [CI], 31‒60) and overall response rate was 86% (95% CI, 74‒94). Median (95% CI) duration of response was not reached (NR; 28.7‒NR) for patients with CR/CRi and 41.4 months (23.3‒NR) for all responders. Median (95% CI) progression-free survival was 31.4 months (20.1‒NR). In DL1+DL2, most common grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE) were neutropenia (52%) and anemia (41%). Cytokine release syndrome was reported in 80% of patients (grade 3, 4%; no grade 4/5), and neurological events in 41% (grade 3/4, 11%; no grade 5). Ibrutinib-related TEAEs were reported in 68% of patients (grade 3/4, 43%; no grade 5). Liso-cel plus ibrutinib demonstrated notable efficacy in patients with relapsed/refractory CLL/SLL with predictable and manageable safety. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03331198; NCT03435796.

Background: A diagnosis of cancer creates a stressful situation owing to the uncertainties related to the thought of possible suffering from complications associated with treatment toxicities, the fear of not responding to the prescribed treatment, or death. The prevalence of mental health disorders is relatively higher in cancer patients vis-à-vis the general population. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the impact of mental health disorders on outcomes of relapsed and/or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T-cell) therapy using data from the TriNetX research network. Results: A total of 1587 patients met the inclusion criteria (858 with a mental health diagnosis and 729 without). After propensity score matching for age and gender, 1320 patients were included in the analysis (660 in each group). The 1-year OS was higher in patients without a mental health disorder (76.0% versus 69.4%, P = 0.004). Patients with mental health disorders had a higher incidence of cytokine release syndrome (all grades) compared with those without (35.5% versus 27.6%, P < 0.001) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (all grades) (16.8% versus 10.1%, P < 0.001). Conclusions: These findings emphasize the importance of thorough psychiatric evaluation and management in patients receiving CAR T-cell therapy. Patients with mental health disorders may need significant assistance with coordinating medical services to better adhere to required care management. Future studies are needed to help determine whether preventive and real-time mental health interventions can favorably impact outcomes of these patients.

The International Academy for Clinical Hematology (IACH) is a global, non-profit educational organization dedicated to advancing excellence, equity, and innovation in clinical hematology. Since its creation, the IACH has built an international community spanning more than 130 countries, leveraging digital-first education, scientific collaboration, and professional networking to improve patient care worldwide. This document presents the IACH Strategic Vision for 2026–2030, outlining a structured roadmap for the Academy’s next phase of growth and international leadership. The strategy is built upon six interdependent pillars: scientific excellence and credibility; digital leadership and intelligent learning; academic alliances and global footprint; innovation, visibility, and advocacy; transparency and sustainability; and brand positioning with global impact. By reinforcing scientific rigor, embracing digital transformation, and promoting innovation, the IACH aims to become the most trusted global reference for clinical hematology education and collaboration. This strategic vision positions the IACH as a unifying platform to unite the world hematology community under one banner of knowledge, collaboration, and compassion, for the benefit of every patient, everywhere.

1503 Background: CAR T-cell therapy has revolutionized treatment outcomes in hematological malignancies, but has traditionally required inpatient post-infusion monitoring, which is associated with significant cost and time toxicity. Outpatient CAR T infusion and monitoring has been the standard approach at Mayo Clinic site in Rochester, MN, with demonstrated feasibility and safety (Bansal et al., ASCO 2023). We present data comparing healthcare utilization between CAR T recipients who underwent outpatient remote monitoring and those with traditional inpatient monitoring. Methods: Electronic medical records were retrospectively analyzed for 293 patients who received CAR T-cell therapy for a hematological malignancy at any of the 3 Mayo Clinic sites (MN, AZ, FL) between 2020 and 2024 . Healthcare utilization was compared between patients who received outpatient CAR T with remote patient monitoring in Rochester, MN (N = 125) and those who received inpatient CAR T in the Arizona (n = 90) and Florida (n = 78) sites. Per protocol, patients in the inpatient group underwent mandatory inpatient monitoring for 7 days, with extension per provider discretion. Data was analyzed through Chi-Square and Wilcoxon tests. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: There was no significant difference in baseline sex, age, ethnicity, LDH, platelets, or neutrophils among the 293 patients. Diagnoses included lymphoma (n = 175), multiple myeloma (n = 106), and B-ALL (n = 12). The most common CAR T-cell products used were axicabtagene ciloleucel (n = 138) idecabtagene vicleucel (n = 56), and ciltacabtagene autoleucel (n = 50). Median hospital days were lower in the outpatient group vs the inpatient group at 30 days (4.4 vs 13.3, P < 0.001) and 90 days (4.6 vs 13.6, P < 0.001). ICU admission occurred in 1 outpatient patient ( < 1%) vs 18 inpatient patients (11%) in the first 30 days (P < 0.001). In the first 30 days, 22% of patients in the outpatient group did not require hospitalization, while 56%, 15%, and 6% required 1, 2, and 3 hospitalizations, respectively. Similarly, only 11 (8.8%) patients in the outpatient group had ≥1 ED visit in the first 30 days compared with 32 (20%) pts in the inpatient group (P = 0.009). At 30 days, there was no difference in patient portal use, with 58% of patients using the portal at least once and a median of 1 message in both groups. Within the first 30 days, 53% and 2% of patients in the outpatient group required 1 and 2 outpatient visits, respectively, vs 29% and 2% in the inpatient group (P < 0.001). There was no difference in 30-day mortality (1.6% outpatient vs 2.4% in inpatient) between the 2 groups (P = 1.00) Conclusions: Outpatient CAR T-cell therapy monitoring was associated with significantly fewer hospital days without increased ED visits, ICU stays, portal use, or 30-day mortality. This demonstrates lower healthcare utilization for outpatient CAR-T therapy.

Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Despite the clinical success of CD19-targeted approaches, relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease—often driven by antigen loss or immune escape—remains a major challenge. To overcome this, we developed a novel CAR-T cell therapy targeting BAFF-R, a receptor consistently expressed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and other B-cell malignancies. We developed a new anti-BAFF-R monoclonal antibody and engineered the MC10029 CAR construct using its scFv. Antigen-specific cytotoxicity was validated in both in vitro and in vivo models, including Nalm-6 (leukemia) and Z138 (lymphoma), and CD19-knockout tumor cells to model (R/R) disease. MC10029 CAR-T cells were generated from healthy donors and CLL patients, and their cytotoxicity was evaluated against MEC-1, a CLL cell line, as well as autologous CLL patient tumor samples. These studies demonstrated potent and specific antitumor efficacy. We transitioned to clinical-grade production, using GMP-compliant lentivirus to manufacture MC10029 CAR-T cells under regulatory guidelines. With FDA IND approval, we initiated a Phase 1 clinical trial to evaluate safety and dosing. Our first patient, treated with a low-dose, single infusion, achieved a complete metabolic response within 2 months. The therapy is well tolerated, with no severe advent events such as cytokine release syndrome or neurotoxicity, supporting both the safety and efficacy of the therapy. Conclusion: This study represents Mayo Clinic’s first homegrown CAR-T cell therapy, developed entirely in-house—from antibody discovery and CAR design to GMP manufacturing and clinical trial—marking a significant step toward personalized, next-generation immunotherapy for B-cell malignancies. Citation Format: Yan Luo, Shaohua Guo, Yaqing Qie, Martha E. Gadd, Tanya Hundal, Hemant S. Murthy, Mohamed A. Kharfan-Dabaja, Hong Qin. From gene to bedside: Mayo Clinic’s first-in-house BAFF-R CAR-T [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2026; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2026 Apr 17-22; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2026;86(7 Suppl):Abstract nr 3719.

Abstract Several allogeneic CAR T-cell therapies are in clinical trials to evaluate safety, many of which rely on CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing. However, the Cas enzyme’s random repair mechanism elevates the risk of undesired, off-target effects, posing a challenge for safe allogeneic CAR T-cell generation. To mitigate the risk of therapy-related oncogenesis, we sought to pursue an alternative safe strategy to manufacture allogeneic CAR T-cells distinct from the preexisting ones in the clinic. We have developed a CRISPR RNA (crRNA) targeting T-cell receptor beta constant (TRBC) gene, which in conjunction with AsCas12a Ultra enzyme, causes site-specific editing by eliciting a predictable microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) DNA repair pathway, which mitigates off-targeting risk. Targeted amplicon sequencing was employed to evaluate off-targeting and repair mechanisms. Graft versus host alloreactivity as well as CAR T persistence was evaluated using immunocompromised mice. In vivo tumor challenge study was conducted for over 3 months. Engraftment confirmation was done using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Interestingly while evaluating the edited T-cells, we sequestered a unique T-cell population that showed TCR disruption yet remained CD3-positive and did not cause in vivo alloreactivity. These CD3-Retained, Allogeneically Functioning T-cells (CRAFT-cells) showed a similar growth rate as unedited T-cells and were then used as a platform to produce CD19-targeted CAR T-cells and BAFF-R-targeted CAR T-cells. When compared to the standard CD3-disrupted allogeneic CAR T-cells, CRAFT CAR T-cells displayed an equally robust cytotoxicity while possessing a safer genomic profile. CRAFT CAR T-cells could function as effector cells for bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) and induce CD3-dependent cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Pertinently, CRAFT CAR T-cells as opposed to CD3-disrupted CAR T-cells, were present in mouse xenografts without alloreactivity. Having the onset of MMEJ-directed repair and minimal off-targeting, positions this CRAFT crRNA to generate safer allogeneic CAR T-cells with an overall reduced genotoxic profile in a clinical setting. This unique CRAFT CAR T-cell population displays in vivo persistence. Additionally, CRAFT CAR T can be combined with BiTE therapy, offering a promising and potentially more durable alternative to preexisting ex vivo allogeneic CAR T-cell therapies. Citation Format: Tanya Hundal, Yan Luo, Yaqing Qie, Martha E. Gadd, Shaohua Guo, Mohamed A. Kharfan-Dabaja, Hong Qin. CD3-positive allogeneic CAR T-cells: A novel platform with persistence, BiTE-capture, and no alloreactivity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2026; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2026 Apr 17-22; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2026;86(7 Suppl):Abstract nr 4283.

Measurable residual disease (MRD) has established prognostic significance in patients with myeloid disorders; however, there is limited data regarding its prognostic and predictive value and the optimal technique for measurement in the setting of post allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). A multi-gene next generation sequencing (NGS) panel can overcome the limitations of conventional techniques for measurement of MRD and can shed light onto the longitudinal evolution and genomic complexity of patients undergoing allo-HCT for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). In this study, patients with AML or MDS who underwent their first allo-HCT and completed NGS testing at day +100 and were in a state of morphological remission were identified from the transplant registry of Mayo Clinic in Florida. The primary aim was to evaluate the prognostic impact of somatic variants detected via NGS at day +100 post allo-HCT on long-term outcomes. In total, 105 patients who underwent allo-HCT for AML and MDS and completed NGS testing on day +100 were included in the study population. Seventeen patients were found to have detectable variants, and 88 patients were without a detectable variant. At a median follow up of 1.4 years (0.1–5.5), presence of any variant at day +100 was associated with inferior 4-year overall survival (OS) (32% vs. 69%, P < 0.001), decreased progression free survival (PFS) (34% vs. 61%, P < 0.001), and a higher incidence of relapse (64% vs. 23%, P < 0.001). In univariate models, a lower Karnofsky performance score and presence of variants post allo-HCT remained significantly associated with inferior OS, higher relapse incidence, and a decreased PFS. The presence of variants at day +100 post allo-HCT remained significant in multivariate models for relapse ( P = 0.002) but not for OS ( P = 0.06) and PFS ( P = 0.08). These results indicate that the presence of detectable somatic variants at day +100 is associated with poor long-term outcomes and are predictive of a higher incidence of relapse.

T cell fitness has emerged as a critical determinant of the efficacy and persistence of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. Defined by the capacity of T cells to proliferate, resist exhaustion, persist in vivo , and exert sustained effector functions, T cell fitness reflects the integration of a dynamic network of intrinsic and extrinsic regulatory mechanisms. In this review, we present a comprehensive synthesis of the molecular and cellular foundations underlying T cell fitness, emphasizing the influence of differentiation trajectories, signaling pathways, metabolic reprogramming, and epigenetic modifications. We further discuss the impact of patient-specific conditions such as age as well as disease biology, prior therapeutic exposures, and timing and quality of T cell collection, on the phenotypic and functional efficacy of CAR-T cell products. Beyond delineating these determinants, we highlight emerging strategies aimed at enhancing T cell fitness. Importantly, we propose T cell fitness as an integrated, multi-layered systems property emerging from the interaction between differentiation state, signaling architecture, metabolic–mitochondrial competence, epigenetic stability, and host-specific inflammatory and treatment-related pressures. We introduce a mechanistic framework that links these layers across the CAR-T therapeutic timeline from leukapheresis to post-infusion tumor engagement and outline how this framework can be operationalized into measurable parameters to guide patient stratification, manufacturing decisions, and rational therapeutic interventions.