Lou, Susan

Objectives Recent studies have suggested that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) could be a predisposing factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) although the results were inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted with the aim to summarize all available data. Methods A comprehensive literature review was conducted utilizing MEDLINE and EMBASE databases through September 2018 to identify all studies that compared the risk of NAFLD among patients with SIBO versus those without SIBO. Effect estimates from each study were extracted and combined together using the random effect, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird. Results A total of 10 studies with 1093 participants fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. A significant association between NAFLD and SIBO was observed with the pooled odds ratio of 3.82 (95% confidence interval, 1.93–7.59; I 2 65%). Funnel plot is relatively symmetric and is not suggestive of the presence of publication bias. Conclusion A significant association between NAFLD and SIBO was observed in this meta-analysis.

Background/ObjectivesA negative association between cigarette smoking and celiac disease has been observed but results were inconsistent across the published studies. A meta‐analysis was conducted with the aim to identify all studies that investigated this association and to summarize the results of those studies.MethodsA comprehensive literature review was conducted utilizing MEDLINE and Embase databases through March 2018 to identify all cohort studies and case‐control studies that compared the risk of celiac disease among current and/or former smokers versus never‐smokers. Effect estimates from each study were extracted and combined together using the random‐effect, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird.ResultsA total of seven studies with 307,924 participants fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled analysis found a significantly decreased risk of celiac disease among current smokers compared with never‐smokers with the pooled odds ratio (OR) of 0.52 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.32–0.84; I2 86%). However, the risk of celiac disease among former smokers was not significantly different from never‐smokers with the pooled OR of 1.10 (95% CI, 0.76–1.60; I2 of 73%).ConclusionsA significantly decreased risk of celiac disease among current smokers compared with never‐smokers was demonstrated in this meta‐analysis.