Clark, Jeanne M.

SummaryDaily self‐weighing is a weight management behaviour that requires a scale; however, scale ownership may be cost‐prohibitive for some patients. Our objective was to understand the proportion of primary care patients with a scale at home, and factors associated with home scale access, to potentially inform future interventions that facilitate scale access. Cross sectional survey of 216 adult patients from three primary care clinics: mixed‐income urban/suburban (n = 68); mixed‐income urban (n = 70); low‐income urban (n = 74). The dependent variable was presence of a home scale; bivariate associations were conducted with variables including demographics, insurance type, clinic setting and self‐reported height/weight. Mean age was 53 years; 71% women; 71% racial minority; mean body mass index 32 kg/m2. Overall, 56% had a home scale. Most (79%) white patients owned a scale, compared to 46% of racial minority patients (P < .01); 33% of low‐income patients owned scale, compared to over 66% of patients at the clinics serving mixed‐income populations (P < .01). Most low‐income urban clinic patients do not own a home scale. Because self‐weighing is an effective weight‐management behaviour, clinicians could consider assessing scale access, and future research should assess the health impact of providing scales to patients with overweight/obesity who desire weight loss or maintenance.

Postmenopausal women with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are at an increased risk of hepatic fibrosis compared with premenopausal women. Whether duration of estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal state dictates an individual's fibrosis risk remains uninvestigated. We assessed the associations of age at menopause and time from menopause with fibrosis severity in postmenopausal women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Data from 488 postmenopausal women with (1) histologic diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and (2) self‐reported information on age at menopause were analyzed. The associations of premature menopause (age at menopause of <40 years) and time from menopause (age at study enrollment ‐ age at menopause, years) with fibrosis severity (stage 0‐4) were assessed using multiple ordinal logistic regression models with and without adjusting for clinical confounders. Among the participants (age at menopause 43.7 ± 8.6 years), women with premature menopause (29.3%) were younger at enrollment ( P < 0.001) and used hormone replacement therapy more often ( P < 0.003). After adjusting for age at enrollment, race, waist circumference standardized by body mass index, current smoking, current alcohol use, hypertension, diabetes/impaired fasting glucose, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and hormone replacement therapy, premature menopause was associated with an increased likelihood of having more severe fibrosis (adjusted cumulative odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.3‐2.7, P = 0.001), while time from menopause was directly associated with an increased likelihood of having more severe fibrosis (adjusted cumulative odds ratio for 5‐year unit = 1.2, 95% confidence interval 1.1‐1.3, P = 0.002). Conclusion : Duration of estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal state confers fibrosis risk among postmenopausal women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. (H epatology 2016;64:85–91)