Bhorade, Sangeeta

Key Points Genetic testing in CKD showed diagnostic and clinical utility in the year following reporting of test results. Genetic testing was helpful for or changed management in 86% of patients with a positive finding and 42% with a negative finding. Clinical utility was seen across 12 clinical cohorts, including CKD of unknown etiology and hypertension or diabetes-related nephropathy. Background CKD is a significant public health burden, affecting >800 million people worldwide with significant cost to the health care system. CKD is a disease process with substantial genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity that can obscure a definitive diagnosis, resulting in suboptimal management. Recent guidelines support greater adoption of genetic testing in CKD. We assessed the diagnostic and clinical utility in the year following broad-panel CKD genetic testing. Methods The Renasight Clinical Application, Review, and Evaluation (RenaCARE) study (NCT05846113) was a single-arm, interventional, prospective, multicenter study evaluating the utility of genetic testing with a 385-gene panel on the diagnosis and management of CKD. Clinical history was collected before testing, and nephrologists responded to questionnaires at both 1 month and 1 year after testing. The impact of genetic testing on CKD diagnosis and management were assessed in active study patients at the 1-year time point. Results In a cohort of 1388 CKD patients with 13 pretest clinical categories of CKD, 335 (24%) patients had a positive genetic finding; 1174 had a questionnaire completed at 1 year and were included in the analysis. Genetic testing was reported helpful for clinical management and/or led to a change in management in 86% of patients with a positive test finding and 42% of patients with a negative test finding. In addition, genetic testing resulted in a change in the physician estimation of the 5-year prognosis for 55% of patients with a positive test finding and 18% of those with a negative test finding. Conclusions Supporting the previous results of the RenaCARE study at 1 month, this report demonstrated that genetic testing was helpful in the clinical management and estimated prognosis of patients with CKD. Clinical Trial registry name and registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05846113.

Significance Statement Accurate diagnosis of a patient's underlying cause of CKD can influence management and ultimately overall health. The single-arm, interventional, prospective Renasight Clinical Application, Review, and Evaluation study assessed the utility of genetic testing with a 385 gene kidney disease panel on the diagnosis and management of 1623 patients with CKD. Among 20.8% of patients who had positive genetic findings, half resulted in a new or reclassified diagnosis. In addition, a change in management because of genetic testing was reported for 90.7% of patients with positive findings, including treatment changes in 32.9%. These findings demonstrate that genetic testing has a significant effect on both CKD diagnosis and management. Background Genetic testing in CKD has recently been shown to have diagnostic utility with many predicted implications for clinical management, but its effect on management has not been prospectively evaluated. Methods Renasight Clinical Application, Review, and Evaluation RenaCARE (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05846113) is a single-arm, interventional, prospective, multicenter study that evaluated the utility of genetic testing with a broad, 385 gene panel (the Renasight TM test) on the diagnosis and management of adult patients with CKD recruited from 31 US-based community and academic medical centers. Patient medical history and clinical CKD diagnosis were collected at enrollment. Physician responses to questionnaires regarding patient disease categorization and management were collected before genetic testing and 1 month after the return of test results. Changes in CKD diagnosis and management after genetic testing were assessed. Results Of 1623 patients with CKD in 13 predefined clinical disease categories (ages, 18–96; median, 55 years), 20.8% ( n =338) had positive genetic findings spanning 54 genes. Positive genetic findings provided a new diagnosis or reclassified a prior diagnosis in 48.8% of those patients. Physicians reported that genetic results altered the management of 90.7% of patients with a positive genetic finding, including changes in treatment plan, which were reported in 32.9% of these patients. Conclusions Genetic testing with a CKD-focused 385 gene panel substantially refined clinical diagnoses and had widespread implications for clinical management, including appropriate treatment strategies. These data support the utility of broader integration of panels of genetic tests into the clinical care paradigm for patients with CKD. Clinical Trial registry name and registration number ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05846113.

Abstract Rationale Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is the defining morphology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Guidelines for IPF diagnosis conditionally recommend surgical lung biopsy for histopathology diagnosis of UIP when radiology and clinical context are not definitive. A “molecular diagnosis of UIP” in transbronchial lung biopsy, the Envisia Genomic Classifier, accurately predicted histopathologic UIP. Objectives We evaluated the combined accuracy of the Envisia Genomic Classifier and local radiology in the detection of UIP pattern. Methods Ninety-six patients who had diagnostic lung pathology as well as a transbronchial lung biopsy for molecular testing with Envisia Genomic Classifier were included in this analysis. The classifier results were scored against reference pathology. UIP identified on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) as documented by features in local radiologists’ reports was compared with histopathology. Measurements and Main Results In 96 patients, the Envisia Classifier achieved a specificity of 92.1% (confidence interval [CI],78.6–98.3%) and a sensitivity of 60.3% (CI, 46.6–73.0%) for histology-proven UIP pattern. Local radiologists identified UIP in 18 of 53 patients with UIP histopathology, with a sensitivity of 34.0% (CI, 21.5–48.3%) and a specificity of 96.9% (CI, 83.8–100%). In conjunction with HRCT patterns of UIP, the Envisia Classifier results identified 24 additional patients with UIP (sensitivity 79.2%; specificity 90.6%). Conclusions In 96 patients with suspected interstitial lung disease, the Envisia Genomic Classifier identified UIP regardless of HRCT pattern. These results suggest that recognition of a UIP pattern by the Envisia Genomic Classifier combined with HRCT and clinical factors in a multidisciplinary discussion may assist clinicians in making an interstitial lung disease (especially IPF) diagnosis without the need for a surgical lung biopsy.

Disseminated infection with Ureaplasma species causes fatal hyperammonemia syndrome in lung transplant recipients, likely by disrupting ammonia metabolism.