Santiago, Tania M. González

SummaryPneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is an opportunistic infection associated with substantial rates of mortality in immunosuppressed patients. Prophylaxis recommendations are mostly targeted toward patients with non‐dermatologic diagnoses. This study was conducted to determine when dermatology patients treated with immunosuppressive medications should be offered P. jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis. We searched the literature from January 1, 1993, to December 31, 2013, using terms relating to P. jiroveci pneumonia and dermatologic diagnoses to analyze the clinical characteristics of previously affected patients. Guidelines for P. jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis from other medical fields were also analyzed. Of 17 dermatology patients reported to have contracted P. jiroveci pneumonia, eight (47.1%) died of the pneumonia. Risk factors included lack of prophylaxis, systemic corticosteroid therapy, lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia, low serum CD4 counts, comorbid pulmonary or renal disease, malignancy, and prior organ transplantation. The present conclusions are limited by heterogeneity among the selected studies and limitations in their identification and selection. However, P. jiroveci pneumonia in dermatology patients is associated with a high mortality rate. Based on our analysis, we propose that prophylaxis be considered in dermatology patients in whom treatment with systemic corticosteroids at doses exceeding 20 mg/day or treatment with corticosteroid‐sparing immunosuppressive agents is anticipated for at least 4 weeks, and in patients with additional risk factors for P. jiroveci pneumonia.

BackgroundCutis laxa‐like features were observed in a subset of patients with scleromyxedema. Given this observation, clinical and histopathologic features of scleromyxedema were reviewed in correlation with elastic tissue staining.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed clinical records and histopathologic features from patients with scleromyxedema seen at our institution from 1992 through 2013. We also evaluated available skin biopsies with an elastin stain and assessed whether dermal elastin fibers were diminished in density or were fragmented (or both).ResultsNineteen patients with scleromyxedema and 34 skin biopsies were identified. Alcian blue (mucin) stain was used to grade mucin deposition as weakly positive (24%), positive (44%) and markedly positive (32%). Eight patients (42%) had clinical findings of cutis laxa, which were often observed in conjunction with areas of papular eruption or induration. Elastic tissue fibers were normal in 9 of 34 skin specimens (26%), 18 of 34 specimens (53%) had diminished elastic fiber density and 7 of 34 (21%) had markedly decreased density. The elastic tissue was fragmented in 25 specimens (74%).ConclusionsA cutis laxa‐like clinical presentation and decreased elastic tissue density on skin biopsy were consistent findings. Dermatologists and dermatopathologists should be aware of these previously unreported clinical and histopathologic findings.

AbstractEpidermodysplasia verruciformis (EDV) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by susceptibility to human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. An acquired form of EDV has been described in the setting of immunosuppression, including in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We present the case of an HIV‐positive, adopted Haitian boy who presented with EDV. Few cases of chidren with HIV and acquired EDV have been reported and are likely underrecognized.