Citations 3
Spinal cord imaging for multiple sclerosis: Advances, priorities, and opportunities
Laule, Cornelia , Cohen-Adad, Julien, Witt, Atlee , Luca, Gabriele C. De, Granziera, Cristina , Keegan, B. Mark , Kerbrat, Anne , Klawiter, Eric C, Kolind, Shannon , O’Grady, Kristin P. , Oh, Jiwon, Sivakolundu, Dinesh K. , Smith, Seth A, Vavasour, Irene M, Mainero, Caterina , Alonso-Ortiz, Eva, Krieger, Stephen , Li, David , Shinohara, Russell T, Henry, Roland G, Cooperative, North American Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis (NAIMS), Witt, Atlee A , De Luca, Gabriele C , Bagnato, Francesca R. , Gauthier, Susan A , Bakshi, Rohit , Beck, Erin S , Krieger, Stephen , Keegan, B Mark , Kollind, Shannon H , Granziera, Cristina , O'Grady, Kristin P , Cohen-Adad, Julien , DeLuca, Gabriele C. , Kerbrat, Anne , Klawiter, Eric C. , Oh, Jiwon , Schilling, Kurt G. , Smith, Seth A. , Tozlu, Ceren , Vavasour, Irene M. , Alonso‐Ortiz, Eva , Brier, Matthew R. , Hemond, Christopher C , Li, David K.B. , Shinohara, Russell Taki , Henry, Roland G.
Multiple Sclerosis Journal | June 1, 2026 | Volume: No volume available | Issue: No issue available | Pages: No page available
The spinal cord plays a central role in the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS), yet remains under-studied compared with the brain. This review summarizes key insights from the 2025 North American Imaging in MS Spinal Cord Imaging Workshop, highlighting recent advances, ongoing challenges, and future opportunities in MS spinal cord imaging. We review pathological studies and outline the clinical relevance of spinal cord lesions and atrophy for diagnosis, prognosis, and disease monitoring, highlighting emerging biomarkers of progression independent of relapse activity. Correlations between magnetic resonance imaging, histopathology, and clinical outcomes support the validation and translational potential of advanced spinal cord imaging techniques. Finally, we discuss spinal cord–specific processing pipelines and reproducibility challenges. Collectively, these insights underscore the need to integrate advanced and quantitative spinal cord imaging into clinical trials, research studies, and—when feasible—clinical care, to fully capture the extent of MS pathology, and ultimately improve patient outcomes.
The 2024 Update to the McDonald Criteria for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis: A Guide for Radiologists
Chan, Vincent Ern Yao , Vattoth, Surjith , Deng, Francis , Lakhani, Dhairya A. , Chan, Vincent E Y, Lakhani, Dhairya , Rai, Pranjal , Bathla, Girish , Bagnato, Francesca R.
American Journal of Roentgenology | December 24, 2025 | Volume: 226 | Issue: 4 | Pages: No page available
Novel Agents and Emerging Treatment Strategies in Multiple Sclerosis. What Role for Cladribine?
Pirko, Istvan, Bagnato, Francesca R.
Clinical Medicine Insights: Therapeutics | October 6, 2011 | Volume: 3 | Issue: No issue available | Pages: No page available
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory-degenerative illness of the central nervous system (CNS), remains at the moment a treatable but incurable disease. Currently available disease-modifying agents (DMA-s), the majority of which are being injected, mainly relieve the inflammatory phase of MS with little beneficial effect, if any, in halting neurodegeneration. Cladribine is an immunosuppressive agent that can be administered orally and by cycles of short-course dosing as opposed to continuous administration. Cladribine has been shown to be effective in reducing inflammatory activity of MS but much remains unknown regarding its potential beyond the control of CNS inflammation. In addition, knowledge on the safety profile of cladribine in MS is limited. Data from on going clinical studies and registries on its safety profile will shed more light on the actual benefit/risk ratio of cladribine.