Parisapogu, Anusha

Abstract Disclosure: V. Adedara: None. K. Maddineni: None. A. Dekhne: None. M. Chinthapalli: None. G. Potluri: None. A. Parisapogu: None. K. Markandu: None. H. Desai: None. Background: Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) stands as the foremost cause of mortality globally, contributing to 9.6 million deaths. Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) consistently feature among the risk factors associated with IHD. Methods: Employing the Global Burden of Disease framework, we computed mortality and DALYs linked to IHD attributable to LDL-C, stratified by age-sex, year, and covering 204 countries and territories during the period from 1990 to 2019. Non-fatal health outcomes were estimated using DISMOD MR 2.1, Bayesian meta-regression tool for epidemiological modelling. Results were expressed in absolute counts and age-standardized rates (ASR) per 100,000 person-years. Results: The total number of deaths attributed to IHD due to elevated LDL-C increased from 2.5 million (95% Uncertainty Interval: 2-3.1 million) in 1990 to 3.7 million (95% UI: 2.8-4.8 million) in 2019. Concurrently, DALYs increased from 60.4 million (95% UI: 50.4-70.7 million) in 1990 to 84.9 million (95% UI: 69.5-101.3 million) in 2019. In terms of ASR, the annual percentage change (APC) in death rates decreased by 36%, and DALY rates decreased by 32% from 1990 to 2019. Regionally, East Asia exhibited the highest increase in APC in death counts by 191%, followed by Commonwealth Low-Income countries at 164%, and Oceania at 160% during the same period. Conversely, the Commonwealth High-Income region experienced the highest decrease at 41%. Males displayed higher APC in death (48% vs. 44%) and DALYs (42% vs. 38%) compared to females over the last three decades. In terms of ASR, males observed a higher decrease compared to females. In 2019, the age group 80-84 years had the highest number of deaths at 534,079 (264,177-813,898), while DALYs were most pronounced in the 55-59 year age group, reaching 10.6 million (8.9-12.3 million). Conclusion: IHD remains a significant global health challenge, with high LDL-C levels being a crucial modifiable risk factor. Age-sex disparities in the burden of IHD are evident, driven by variations in LDL-C metabolism, hormonal changes, and lifestyle factors. Recognizing and addressing these disparities is essential for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies tailored to different populations and age groups. Presentation: 6/2/2024

Abstract Disclosure: V. Adedara: None. M. Chinthapalli: None. A. Parisapogu: None. G. Potluri: None. K. Markandu: None. K. Maddineni: None. H. Desai: None. Introduction: Thyroid cancer (TC) is an increasingly pressing health issue worldwide, particularly within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, which account for 36.57% of all global TC cases. This study focuses on the impact of high Body Mass Index (h-BMI), paralleling rising obesity rates, on the burden of TC across 38 OECD countries. Method: Employing the Global Burden of Disease framework, we analyzed the trends in deaths, Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), and Years Lived with Disabilities (YLDs) attributable to TC attributable to h-BMI, considering variables such as age, sex, year, and location over the past three decades. Results: Our findings show a significant increase in the total number of TC deaths attributable to h-BMI, rising from 873 (95%UI: 422-1471) in 1990 to 1646 (95%UI: 819-2703) in 2019. Similarly, DALYs escalated from 22041 (95%UI: 10576-37075) in 1990 to 39485 (95%UI: 19952-63534) in 2019, with YLDs increasing from 2360 (95%UI: 1082-4179) to 6170 (95%UI: 3036-10416). The age-standardized rate (ASR) showed an annual percentage change (APC) in the death rate of 5% (95%UI: -0.07-20%), and a 10% increase (95%UI: 2-10) in DALYs rate over three decades. The United States reported the highest number of deaths at 449 (95%UI: 233-703) in 2019. Regarding ASR, Iceland had the highest death rate of 0.16 per 100,000, followed by Mexico (0.13), Estonia (0.11), and Latvia (0.11). Males exhibited a higher APC in deaths (131% vs. 60%) and DALYs (112% vs. 52%) compared to females over the last three decades. Additionally, an increase in deaths was observed with advancing age, with the highest DALYs noted in the 75-79 year age group. Conclusion: To effectively address the rising thyroid cancer rates linked to high BMI, a unified approach is essential: public health policies must focus on obesity prevention, clinicians should integrate BMI management in thyroid cancer care, collaboration between policymakers and healthcare providers needs strengthening, and public awareness about the risks of high BMI must be increased to promote early screening and lifestyle changes. Presentation: 6/3/2024

Background: Cardiovascular Disease (CVDs) is the leading cause of deaths amongst G20 countries accounting for 35.44% deaths in the G20 Countries. The G20 countries, being major economies, have a significant impact on global environmental conditions. Method: Using Global Burden of Disease tool, we estimated the deaths and Disability adjusted life years (DALYs) stratified by age, sex, year, and location due to CVD attributable to environmental risk factors across the G20 Countries from 1990-2019. Results: From 1990-2019, the annual percentage change showed a 37% rise in deaths, rising from 2,608,027-3,571,390. During the same period, DALYs surged by 25%, going from 63,297,319-78,964,495. However, when evaluating the age-standardized rates, both deaths and DALYs displayed a decrease from 1990 to 2019. In 2019, Saudi Arabia recorded the highest ASMR rate at 114 (with a range of 92-137) per 100,000. Bulgaria closely followed with a rate of 113 (87-141). In terms of age-standardized DALYs rates, Saudi Arabia again stood out, registering the highest in 1990 with a value of 2573 ( 2069-3145). Evaluating by age groups, 80-84 year old witnessed the most significant death count in 2019 (527,371). Meanwhile, the age group of 65-69 years saw the highest DALYs count in 2019, (10.4 million). Over the last three decades, males consistently experienced higher counts of both deaths and DALYs compared to females. Conclusion: Environmental risk factors contributed to 26.78% of CVD-related deaths and 29% of DALYs, underscoring the critical role of environment in cardiovascular health outcomes in G20 Countries. it's essential to integrate environmental risk assessments into routine check-ups and tailor treatment plans that address specific environmental exposures linked to CVD. There's an urgent need for policy reforms promoting environmental health, coupled with widespread community education about the environmental determinants of cardiovascular diseases.