Citations 2
Vascular Diseases in Women: Do Women Suffer from Them Differently?
Farkas, Katalin , Stanek, Agata , Zbinden, Stéphanie, Borea, Barbara, Ciurica, Simina, Moore, Vanessa , Maguire, Peggy, Alajar, Elaine, Marcoccia, Antonella , Erer, Dilek , Casanegra, Ana I. , Sharebiani, Hiva , Sprynger, Muriel , Kavousi, Maryam , Catalano, M. , Casanegra, Ana I , Sharebiani, Hiva , Sprynger, Muriel , Kavousi, Maryam , Catalano, Mariella , Farkas, Katalin , Stanek, Agata , Ciurică, Simina , Moore, Vanessa, Abola, Maria Teresa B.
Journal of Clinical Medicine | February 15, 2024 | Volume: 13 | Issue: 4 | Pages: 1108
According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among women worldwide, yet its magnitude is often underestimated. Biological and gender differences affect health, diagnosis, and healthcare in numerous ways. The lack of sex and gender awareness in health research and healthcare is an ongoing issue that affects not only research but also treatment and outcomes. The importance of recognizing the impacts of both sex and gender on health and of knowing the differences between the two in healthcare is beginning to gain ground. There is more appreciation of the roles that biological differences (sex) and sociocultural power structures (gender) have, and both sex and gender affect health behavior, the development of diseases, their diagnosis, management, and the long-term effects of an illness. An important issue is the knowledge and awareness of women about vascular diseases. The risk of cardiovascular events is drastically underestimated by women themselves, as well as by those around them. The purpose of this review is to draw attention to improving the medical care and treatment of women with vascular diseases.
Women, lipids, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a call to action from the European Atherosclerosis Society
Lennep, Jeanine E. Roeters van , Tokgözoğlu, Lâle , Badimón, Lina , Dumanski, Sandra M. , Gulati, Martha , Hess, Connie N. , Holven, Kirsten B. , Kavousi, Maryam , Kayıkçıoğlu, Meral , Lutgens, Esther , Stock, Jane K., Tybjærg‐Hansen, Anne, Benn, Marianne , Roeters van Lennep, Jeanine E , Michos, Erin D , Prescott, Eva , Wermer, Marieke J H , Benn, Marianne , Lutgens, Esther , Kavousi, Maryam , Michos, Erin D.
European Heart Journal | July 26, 2023 | Volume: 44 | Issue: 39 | Pages: 4157-4173
Abstract Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women and men globally, with most due to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Despite progress during the last 30 years, ASCVD mortality is now increasing, with the fastest relative increase in middle-aged women. Missed or delayed diagnosis and undertreatment do not fully explain this burden of disease. Sex-specific factors, such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, premature menopause (especially primary ovarian insufficiency), and polycystic ovary syndrome are also relevant, with good evidence that these are associated with greater cardiovascular risk. This position statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society focuses on these factors, as well as sex-specific effects on lipids, including lipoprotein(a), over the life course in women which impact ASCVD risk. Women are also disproportionately impacted (in relative terms) by diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and auto-immune inflammatory disease. All these effects are compounded by sociocultural components related to gender. This panel stresses the need to identify and treat modifiable cardiovascular risk factors earlier in women, especially for those at risk due to sex-specific conditions, to reduce the unacceptably high burden of ASCVD in women.