Rydell, Sarah A.

Objective: To test the effect of physical activity on the gut microbiome and circulating short chain fatty acids among sedentary overweight/obese adults with prediabetes. We hypothesized that randomization to increased physical activity would result in gut microbiome changes. Methods: \We randomized 77 adults with prediabetes and a sedentary lifestyle into one of two groups: 1) Intervention Group: Invited to engage in home-based moderate intensity walking 3x/week for 30 minutes/session in weeks 1-4 and for 45 minutes/session during weeks 5-8 of the 8-week intervention; or 2) Control Group: Maintained habitual physical activity levels. We performed metagenomic sequencing from stool collected at baseline, week 4, and week 8, with short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) measured from serum collected at baseline and week 8. Taxonomic and functional profiling were performed on the metagenomic reads; alpha diversity metrics were subsequently derived. Linear regression assessed the difference in change between the intervention and control groups for alpha-diversity and SCFA levels. Results: We screened 1,533 participants for eligibility and consented 132. Of these, 87 entered the run-in phase and 77 were randomized. Participants were 51.4±8.9 years old, 87.7% female, and 74% non-Hispanic White. Mean fasting glucose was 103.3±13.2 while mean BMI was 34.4±5.7. In comparison to the control group, the intervention group experienced decreased alpha diversity as characterized by Shannon, Richness, and Faith’s diversity indices by week 8 of the intervention (P<0.05). SCFA levels trended towards improvement in the intervention group, but the results were not statistically significant. Functional analysis of KEGG ontologies revealed themes consistent with a microbiome with enhanced metabolic activity and host-relevant metabolic signaling (Figure). Conclusions: Randomization to a walking intervention resulted in modest gut microbiome changes among adults with overweight/obesity and prediabetes.

OBJECTIVE To test the effect of physical activity on the gut microbiome and circulating short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) among sedentary adults with prediabetes and overweight or obesity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a pilot and feasibility trial, we randomized 77 adults with prediabetes and a sedentary lifestyle into one of two groups: 1) intervention: invited to engage in home-based moderate-intensity walking 3×/week for 30 min/session in weeks 1–4 and for 45 min/session during weeks 5–8 of the 8-week intervention; or 2) control: maintained habitual physical activity levels. We performed metagenomic sequencing from stool collected at baseline, week 4, and week 8, with SCFAs measured from serum collected at baseline and week 8. Taxonomic and functional profiling was performed on the metagenomic reads; α-diversity metrics were subsequently derived. Linear regression assessed the difference in change between the intervention and control groups for α-diversity and SCFA levels. RESULTS We screened 1,533 participants for eligibility and consented 132. Of these, 87 entered the run-in phase, and 77 were randomized. Participants were mean (SD) 51.4 (8.9) years old, 87.7% female, and 74% non-Hispanic White. Mean fasting glucose was 103.3 (13.2) mg/dL, while mean BMI was 34.4 (5.7) kg/m2. Compared with the control group, the intervention group experienced decreased α-diversity as characterized by Shannon, Richness, and Faith diversity indices by intervention week 8 (P &lt; 0.05). Changes in SCFA levels were not statistically significant different in intervention versus control. CONCLUSIONS Randomization to a walking intervention resulted in modest gut microbiome changes among adults with overweight or obesity and prediabetes.

Purpose. To gather consumer input about approaches to providing energy composition information for foods on fast-food restaurant menus. Design. We asked a subset of individuals (n = 150) in an experimental study about the influence of nutrition labeling on fast-food meal choices to evaluate calorie information on mock fast-food menus in various formats. Setting. Three community sites in the Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, metropolitan area. Subjects. Adolescents and adults who ate fast food at least once per week were recruited. Measures. Via a series of open- and close-ended questions, participants gave feedback about several formats for providing energy composition information for foods on fast-food restaurant menus. Analysis. Means and frequencies were calculated, and χ 2 tests were conducted. Results. When asked to compare a menu that provided calorie information for each menu item with a menu that provided the number of minutes of running that would be required to burn the calories contained in each menu item, 71.0% of participants preferred the calorie information over the physical activity information. Participants also compared two approaches to providing caloric reference information on the menu (average daily calorie needs per day vs. per meal), and 61.3% preferred the calorie needs—per-meal format. Conclusion. Our results may be useful in designing approaches to providing energy composition information for foods on fast-food restaurant menus.