Moghadam, Mahshid Sadat Chenarani

COVID-19 infection has been a global health issue in the past recent years and numerous topics are studied in order to discover its pathophysiology and potential side effects. The potential for disease recurrence following the administration of the COVID-19 vaccine is one of the issues that has recently attracted attention. Several studies have revealed that the COVID-19 vaccines, like other vaccines, may have side effects and, in some cases, they may even deteriorate the underlying illnesses, such as rheumatic diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. The effectiveness and safety of the COVID-19 vaccine for patients with malignancies are one of the factors that are considered regarding this vaccine. Lymph node involvement, disease recurrence, and potential paraclinical changes after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine are some of the concerns of patients with malignancy. In this mini-review, we attempted to investigate cases of cancer recurrence or recovery as well as lymphadenopathy following vaccination.

IgA vasculitis nephritis (Schönlein-Henoch purpura nephritis) is an autoimmune circumstance characterized by palpable purpura involving the lower limbs, arthralgia, abdominal pain and kidney involvement. It is possible that a cytokine storm following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could lead to an immunological dysregulation responsible for IgA vasculitis nephritis in these cases. Reactivation or first onset of IgA vasculitis nephritis is uncommon; however, there have been increasing reports of this disease, as a complication of COVID-19 vaccination. It is possible that COVID-19 mRNA vaccination may trigger several auto-inflammatory and autoimmune cascades. Previous research has shown that Toll-like receptors play a role in the development of IgA vasculitis nephritis. Following injection of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, the uptake of double-stranded RNA by-products will trigger Toll-like receptors, leading to a series of intracellular cascades starting an innate immunity-driven process of cell-mediated and humoral- mediated immunity.