Citations 2
Post‐COVID‐19 Vaccination (or Long Vax) Syndrome: Putative Manifestation, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutic Options
Yong, Shin Jie , Halim, Alice , Munipalli, Bala , Alhashem, Yousef N. , AlSaihati, Hajir , Al‐Subaie, Maha F. , Fares, Mona A. Al , Garout, Mohammed , Sabour, Amal , Alshiekheid, Maha A. , Alotaibi, Jawaher , AlRasheed, Hayam Ali , Alamri, Aref A., Albayat, Hawra , Alamodi, Ameera Saeed, Mohapatra, Ranjan K. , Hazazi, Ali , Alhashem, Yousef N , Almansour, Zainab H , Alrasheed, Hayam A , Mohapatra, Ranjan K , Rabaan, Ali A , Kenny, Tiff‐Annie , Kaabi, Nawal Ahmed Mohamed Al , Alamri, Aref A., Tombuloğlu, Hüseyin , Rabaan, Ali A.
Reviews in Medical Virology | September 13, 2025 | Volume: 35 | Issue: 5 | Pages: No page available
ABSTRACTWith the global rollout of COVID‐19 vaccines, vaccine safety remains a priority. Emerging concerns have raised the potential risk of a long COVID‐like syndrome following vaccination, informally called long Vax and provisionally termed post‐COVID‐19 vaccination syndrome (PCVS). Our narrative review describes the putative manifestation, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches of PCVS based on the available evidence, mostly from case reports/series and observational studies. Our review noted that PCVS typically manifests within days to weeks post‐vaccination, with symptoms lasting months to years. PCVS may present as recognized diagnoses such as postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), small‐fibre neuropathy (SFN), myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), or as long‐term sequelae of myocarditis, vaccine‐induced thrombotic thrombocytopaenia (VITT), or immune thrombocytopaenia purpura (ITP). Symptomatically, PCVS overlaps with long COVID, such as fatigue and brain fog, but PCVS may involve more frequent paraesthesia and less dyspnoea. We also review pathophysiological hypotheses of PCVS, focussing on the vaccine‐derived spike protein and related immune responses. Finally, we discuss potential therapies used to treat patients with PCVS or related conditions, primarily documented in case reports/series, which could guide future clinical research. Overall, PCVS remains a poorly understood condition that requires more research to elucidate its prevalence, prognosis, risk factors, and treatments.
Updates on Measles Incidence and Eradication: Emphasis on the Immunological Aspects of Measles Infection
Rabaan, Ali A. , Mutair, Abbas Al , Alhumaid, Saad , Garout, Mohammed , Alsubki, Roua A. , Alshahrani, Fatimah , Alfouzan, Wadha , Alestad, Jeehan H., Alsaleh, Abdullah E., Al-Mozaini, Maha , Koritala, Thoyaja , Alotaibi, Sultan , Temsah, Mohamad‐Hani , Akbar, Ali , Ahmad, Rafiq , Khalid, Zainab , Muhammad, Javed , Ahmed, Naveed , Alfouzan, Wadha A , Alhumaid, Saad , Rabaan, Ali A
Medicina | May 20, 2022 | Volume: 58 | Issue: 5 | Pages: 680
Measles is an RNA virus infectious disease mainly seen in children. Despite the availability of an effective vaccine against measles, it remains a health issue in children. Although it is a self-limiting disease, it becomes severe in undernourished and immune-compromised individuals. Measles infection is associated with secondary infections by opportunistic bacteria due to the immunosuppressive effects of the measles virus. Recent reports highlight that measles infection erases the already existing immune memory of various pathogens. This review covers the incidence, pathogenesis, measles variants, clinical presentations, secondary infections, elimination of measles virus on a global scale, and especially the immune responses related to measles infection.