Braverman, Alan C.

Background: Shock is a highly dreaded complication of type A acute aortic dissection (TAAAD). However, few data exist on its incidence and association with prognosis. Methods: We evaluated 2704 TAAAD patients [mean age 61.4 ± 14.5, (67.6%) male] from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection. Results: Shock was present at arrival in 407 (15.1%) TAAAD patients. These patients demonstrated no difference in age (61.5 ± 15.2 with shock vs. 61.4 ± 14.4 years without; p=0.873), but were more likely to have history of hypertension (83.1% vs. 73.0%; p<0.001), atherosclerosis (36.5% vs. 21.7%, p<0.001) and diabetes (12.3% vs. 7.0%, p=0.001) than patients without shock. They had more surgical management (90.9% vs. 86.0%; p=0.007). In-hospital complications such as hypotension (49.8% vs. 28.6%; p<0.001), coma (11.4% vs. 5.8%; p<0.001), tamponade (33.6% vs. 18.2%; p<0.001) and myocardial ischemia/infarction (19.7% vs. 13.7%; p=0.006) were more common among shock patients. Overall in-hospital mortality (30.2% vs. 23.9%; p=0.007) and mortality by management (surgical: 24.6% vs. 19.1%; p=0.015; medical: 88.9% vs. 53.3%, p<0.001) were higher among shock patients. Independent predictors of in-hospital mortality in shock patients are displayed in Table 1. Among hospital survivors, Kaplan-Meier estimates of follow-up mortality were similar between groups (p=0.609). Conclusions: Shock occurred in 15.1% of patients with TAAAD and was associated with increased in-hospital morbidity and mortality, but not long-term mortality.

Abstract This International Consensus Classification and Nomenclature for the congenital bicuspid aortic valve condition recognizes 3 types of bicuspid valves: 1. The fused type (right-left cusp fusion, right-non-coronary cusp fusion and left-non-coronary cusp fusion phenotypes); 2. The 2-sinus type (latero-lateral and antero-posterior phenotypes); and 3. The partial-fusion (forme fruste) type. The presence of raphe and the symmetry of the fused type phenotypes are critical aspects to describe. The International Consensus also recognizes 3 types of bicuspid valve-associated aortopathy: 1. The ascending phenotype; 2. The root phenotype; and 3. Extended phenotypes.

Abstract This International evidence-based nomenclature and classification consensus on the congenital bicuspid aortic valve and its aortopathy recognizes 3 types of bicuspid aortic valve: 1. Fused type, with 3 phenotypes: right-left cusp fusion, right-non cusp fusion and left-non cusp fusion; 2. 2-sinus type with 2 phenotypes: Latero-lateral and antero-posterior; and 3. Partial-fusion or forme fruste. This consensus recognizes 3 bicuspid-aortopathy types: 1. Ascending phenotype; root phenotype; and 3. extended phenotypes.