Citations

Abstract Anti-IgA may cause anaphylactic transfusion reactions in IgA-deficient individuals. Testing for IgG anti-IgA is useful to identify persons at risk. This report describes an immunoassay for anti-IgA that uses polyclonal IgA coupled to fluorescent microspheres as an immunosorbent. Anti-IgA is detected by phycoerythrin-labeled anti-IgG. The assay is calibrated in arbitrary units by use of a serum that contains anti-IgA. Dose-response studies with sera that contain anti-IgA showed positive responses at dilutions up to 32-fold greater than the dilution used to test patients’ samples. Inhibition studies with purified IgA and IgA-deficient serum showed no inhibition with IgA-deficient serum and complete inhibition with soluble IgA. Clinical tests performed in more than 90 assays had a CV of 13.6 percent for measurements of an internal positive control. The fluorescent immunoassay method is rapid, reproducible, and sensitive to low concentrations of IgG anti-IgA. Immunohematology 2009;25:24–28.

Abstract Context. —The American Board of Medical Specialties Maintenance of Certification (MOC) process will become effective in 2006. The College of American Pathologists (CAP) Education Committee defined pathology-specific competencies within MOC categories and used data from a survey of pathologists to create education courses targeted to each MOC category. Objective. —To define pathology-specific competencies within MOC categories and to identify priority learning needs for pathologists. Design. —A 5-step process was completed for defining pathology-specific competencies within MOC categories and creating education courses targeted to competencies identified in each MOC category. A random survey was distributed to identify priority learning needs based on the gap between the importance rating of each knowledge and skill statement and a rating of current level of proficiency in 3 areas. Results. —Specific competencies and knowledge and skill statements were identified for each MOC competency category. Findings indicate pathologists believe they are poorly prepared for practice in competency categories related to systems-based practice and practice-based learning and improvement. Conclusions. —The CAP has focused education efforts on identifying a process for defining and responding to the MOC challenge. Pathologists have told us that they have significant needs for learning in specified areas and the CAP will focus development of education courses to meet those identified needs.

Abstract The following guideline presents a series of recommendations based on published medical literature for use of the antinuclear antibody (ANA) test and tests for specific autoantibodies to nuclear antigens in the diagnostic evaluation, prognostic assessment, and monitoring of patients with systemic rheumatic diseases. The guideline emphasizes the need for clinical evaluation to improve the usefulness of test results in patient management. Consideration is given to appropriate use of the generic ANA test in the initial evaluation of patients with signs and symptoms of a systemic rheumatic disease, the evaluation of patients suspected of having lupus erythematosus, use in clinical situations in which the ANA test is required to establish a disease diagnosis, and identification of clinical situations in which the ANA test has little value. Sections are also devoted to recommendations aimed at improving the analytic methods used to detect and measure ANA and specific autoantibodies to nuclear antigens and to the appropriate use of tests for specific autoantibodies in several disease situations that commonly occur in patients with suspected or documented systemic rheumatic diseases. Emphasis is placed on the use of these tests only in situations in which the test results can be expected to provide information necessary for clinical decision making. Those tests of limited medical usefulness and situations in which test results are likely to be misleading are also identified.

Abstract We developed rapid 24-h immunoblot assays for detecting autoantibodies to Scl 70 and Jo 1 antigens in serum. In comparative studies, we evaluated the analytical sensitivity of the immunoblot assays and commercial immunodiffusion assays for anti-Scl 70 and anti-Jo 1 autoantibodies with the use of positive control sera, and compared the frequencies of positive and negative results in a group of 116 sera, including specimens from 34 healthy controls and 82 patients with various connective-tissue diseases. The immunoblot assays were greater than 100-fold more sensitive than immunodiffusion for detecting both autoantibodies. Despite greater analytical sensitivity, there were no false-positive results by the immunoblot assay for anti-Scl 70 or anti-Jo 1 autoantibodies in sera from either the controls or the patients. The diagnostic sensitivity of the immunoblot assay for anti-Scl 70 autoantibodies in patients with scleroderma was greater than that of the immunodiffusion assay, 70% vs 20%, and was equivalent in patients with polymyositis, 43%. We conclude that rapid immunoblot assays for anti-Scl 70 and anti-Jo 1 autoantibodies are superior to immunodiffusion assays for clinical use and are suitable for routine use in the clinical laboratory.

Context.— Systems-based practice (SBP) is 1 of 6 core competencies required in all resident training programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Reliable methods of assessing resident competency in SBP have not been described in the medical literature. Objective.— To develop and validate an analytic grading rubric to assess pathology residents' analyses of SBP problems in clinical chemistry. Design.— Residents were assigned an SBP project based upon unmet clinical needs in the clinical chemistry laboratories. Using an iterative method, we created an analytic grading rubric based on critical thinking principles. Four faculty raters used the SBP project evaluation rubric to independently grade 11 residents' projects during their clinical chemistry rotations. Interrater reliability and Cronbach α were calculated to determine the reliability and validity of the rubric. Project mean scores and range were also assessed to determine whether the rubric differentiated resident critical thinking skills related to the SBP projects. Results.— Overall project scores ranged from 6.56 to 16.50 out of a possible 20 points. Cronbach α ranged from 0.91 to 0.96, indicating that the 4 rubric categories were internally consistent without significant overlap. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.63 to 0.81, indicating moderate to strong interrater reliability. Conclusions.— We report development and statistical analysis of a novel SBP project evaluation rubric. The results indicate the rubric can be used to reliably assess pathology residents' critical thinking skills in SBP.