Citations

Objectives: Metastasis to the thyroid gland (MTT) is uncommon, and its presentation, diagnosis, and management remain incompletely characterized. We described a contemporary institutional cohort and examined detection, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and survival after MTT diagnosis. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive cohort study of patients with pathologically confirmed MTT who were evaluated at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, from 2010 through 2025. Clinical, imaging, cytologic, pathologic, treatment, and outcome data were abstracted from the electronic health record. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Among 42 patients, the most common primary malignancies were kidney (40.5%) and lung (23.8%). MTT was detected incidentally on staging or surveillance imaging in 66.7% and was symptomatic in 23.8%. The median interval from primary cancer diagnosis to MTT was 3.67 years and was longer for kidney cancer (8.7 y) than lung cancer (0.94 y). Most lesions were unifocal (81.0%); common ultrasound features were solid composition (50.0%) and hypoechogenicity (47.6%), but findings were nonspecific. Among 23 patients evaluated with a single fine-needle aspiration (FNA) before diagnosis, metastasis was confirmed on the first procedure in 56.5% of cases. Eighteen patients underwent surgery. The median overall survival after MTT diagnosis was ∼1.75 years; outcomes differed by surgical status, although treatment selection and disease extent preclude causal interpretation. Conclusions: MTT should be considered in patients with a new thyroid lesion and a history of malignancy. Tissue diagnosis may require repeat FNA, core-needle biopsy, and immunohistochemistry. Management should be individualized based on symptoms, primary tumor biology, extent of systemic disease, and goals of care.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential clinical value of spectral CT for image guidance during percutaneous thermal ablation, particularly investigating high monoenergetic (MonoE) for metal artifact reduction. Materials and Methods: A phantom experiment was performed in which an ablation probe was scanned in “continuous CT” (CCT) mode on a spectral CT scanner. ROI measurements quantified metal artifacts for conventional and MonoE CCT images. Subsequently, a retrospective reader study was conducted with 10 patient cases. Three radiologists reviewed cases to select the optimal MonoE setting and perform a Likert score rating (+2: MonoE preferred, −2: conventional preferred). Results: Phantom measurements indicated a reduction in metal artifact for high MonoE (150 keV: −46 HU) relative to conventional CCT (−122 HU). The MonoE setting preference was 151±21 keV. The mean Likert score was 1.2±0.7. Radiologists indicated a perceived benefit of high MonoE CCT when probe placement was near a critical structure. Conclusions: This study indicates a clinical preference for high MonoE CCT compared with conventional CCT. Insofar as spectral CCT can be offered at a clinically feasible time frame, our results support the assessment of 150 keV image to reduce metal artifact while maintaining satisfactory soft tissue contrast.

Abstract Background Percutaneous ablation of parathyroid adenomas provides a minimally invasive treatment option for primary hyperparathyroidism. However, the overall performance of this technique remains underexplored. This meta-analysis evaluates the effectiveness and safety of various ablation techniques for parathyroid adenomas. Methods Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, multiple databases, including Ovid MEDLINE and Cochrane, were systematically searched. Studies that provided separate data for radiofrequency (RF), microwave ablation (MWA), and ethanol ablation technique were included. Outcomes of interest were changes in serum calcium, PTH, and phosphorus levels, along with normocalcemia rates at 6 to 12 months after ablation. Safety outcomes included transient hoarseness, permanent hoarseness, severe hemorrhage, major complications, and severe hypocalcemia. Data were pooled using a random-effects model, with pooled prevalence and 95% CIs calculated. Also, the publication bias was assessed with Egger's test for each outcome measure. Results Twenty studies (815 patients) were included. The posttreatment normocalcemia rate at 6 to 12 months was 85.6% (95% CI, 80.48-90.72). Serum PTH and calcium levels significantly decreased, with mean differences of 101.49 pg/mL (95% CI, 73.50-129.48) and 0.39 mmol/L (95% CI, 0.34-.45), respectively. Permanent hoarseness and major complications were rare, with incidences of 0.28% (95% CI, 0.00-1.05) and 0.31% (95% CI, 0.00-1.09). The safety and efficacy outcomes of RF, MWA, and ethanol ablation were comparable. Conclusion Our findings indicate that percutaneous ablation of parathyroid adenomas is safe and effective within the first year of the treatment. Additionally, they suggest that RF, MWA, and ethanol ablation techniques can each be employed depending on patients' needs without particular limitations.

Abstract Objectives: Radiologist participation in multidisciplinary tumor board can be time-consuming and demanding, requiring substantial preparation. Anecdotally radiologist participation is felt to help identify discrepancies in previous interpretations; however, there are limited data assessing the actual impact of their tumor board review on patient management. This prospective study aims to evaluate how the reinterpretation of outside imaging and review at hepatobiliary tumor board (HBTB) affects the diagnosis and management of patients with hepatobiliary neoplasms. Methods: This prospective analysis included all patients presented at the weekly HBTB between 6/13/2023 - 6/25/2024. One radiologist reviewed the available reports of outside imaging, the local reinterpretation of outside imaging, the updated local imaging, and documented conclusions from discussion of the case at HBTB. HBTB included 4 radiologists who had reviewed each case. Discrepancies (presence/absence, number, and reasons for) were recorded. When discrepancies occurred, the impact on patient management (5-point Likert scale) was determined by two of the radiologists present at the HBTB in consensus, with input from clinicians if needed. A six-month follow-up was performed to confirm suspected diagnoses. Results: 208 cases (128 males, 104 chronic liver disease patients) were presented at HBTB. Disagreements in the detection or characterization of lesions were found in 59/208 (28.4%) of cases. A change in management occurred in 38/59 (64.6%) of these discrepant cases. In cases with recorded discrepancies in which follow-up confirmation was available, the final interpretation was confirmed in 34/41 (82.9%) of cases. Conclusion: Our study found a discrepant interpretation in nearly one-third of cases presented at a weekly HBTB and a resultant change in management in 65% of those cases. These findings highlight the importance of reinterpretation of prior imaging studies and the presence of radiologists at HBTB to guide optimal patient management.