Citations

Advancing age is associated with an increased risk of herpes zoster (shingles) infection and latent effects such as postherpetic neuralgia. The herpes zoster vaccine is recommended in those 60 years of age and older and has been shown to prevent both the primary disease and associated complications. While this recommendation applies to those living in long-term care facilities, there is little clinical evidence to support use in this population. Additionally, there are logistical barriers that may complicate the use of the vaccine. The article examines the evidence for vaccinating residents in long-term care facilities and discusses logistical barriers to vaccination. Pharmacists and providers may consider life expectancy and other factors when evaluating which patients should receive the vaccination.

Abstract Background: While numerous susceptibility loci for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have been identified, few associations have been reported with overall survival. In the absence of common prognostic genetic markers, we hypothesize that rare coding variants may be associated with overall EOC survival and assessed their contribution in two exome-based genotyping projects of the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC). Methods: The primary patient set (Set 1) included 14 independent EOC studies (4,293 patients) and 227,892 variants, and a secondary patient set (Set 2) included six additional EOC studies (1,744 patients) and 114,620 variants. Because power to detect rare variants individually is reduced, gene-level tests were conducted. Sets were analyzed separately at individual variants and by gene, and then combined with meta-analyses (73,203 variants and 13,163 genes overlapped). Results: No individual variant reached genome-wide statistical significance. A SNP previously implicated to be associated with EOC risk and, to a lesser extent, survival, rs8170, showed the strongest evidence of association with survival and similar effect size estimates across sets (Pmeta = 1.1E−6, HRSet1 = 1.17, HRSet2 = 1.14). Rare variants in ATG2B, an autophagy gene important for apoptosis, were significantly associated with survival after multiple testing correction (Pmeta = 1.1E−6; Pcorrected = 0.01). Conclusions: Common variant rs8170 and rare variants in ATG2B may be associated with EOC overall survival, although further study is needed. Impact: This study represents the first exome-wide association study of EOC survival to include rare variant analyses, and suggests that complementary single variant and gene-level analyses in large studies are needed to identify rare variants that warrant follow-up study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(3); 446–54. ©2016 AACR.

OBJECTIVE Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) of the eighth cranial nerve (CN) are exceedingly rare. To date the literature has focused on MPNSTs occurring after radiation therapy for presumed benign vestibular schwannomas (VSs), while MPNSTs arising without prior irradiation have received little attention. The objectives of the current study are to characterize the epidemiology, clinical presentation, disease course, and outcome using a large national cancer registry database and a systematic review of the English literature. Additionally, a previously unreported case is presented. METHODS The authors conducted an analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, a systematic review of the literature, and present a case report. Data from all patients identified in the SEER database with a diagnosis of MPNST involving the eighth CN, without a history of prior radiation, were analyzed. Additionally, all cases reported in the English literature between January 1980 and March 2015 were reviewed. Finally, 1 previously unreported case is presented. RESULTS The SEER registries identified 30 cases between 1992 and 2012. The average incidence was 0.017 per 1 million persons per year (range 0.000–0.0687 per year). The median age at diagnosis was 55 years, and 16 (53%) were women. Thirteen cases were diagnosed upon autopsy. Of the 17 cases diagnosed while alive, the median follow-up was 118 days, with 3 deaths (18%) observed. When compared with the incidence of benign VS, 1041 VSs present for every 1 MPNST arising from the eighth CN. Including a previously unreported case from the authors' center, a systematic review of the English literature yielded 24 reports. The median age at diagnosis was 44 years, 50% were women, and the median tumor size at diagnosis was 3 cm. Eleven patients (46%) reported isolated audiovestibular complaints typical for VS while 13 (54%) exhibited facial paresis or other signs of a more aggressive process. Treatment included microsurgery alone, microsurgery with adjuvant radiation, or microsurgery with chemoradiation. Sixty-one percent of patients receiving treatment experienced recurrence, 22% of which were diagnosed with drop metastases to the spine. Ultimately, 13 patients (54%) died of progressive disease at a median of 3 months following diagnosis. The ability to achieve gross-total resection was the only feature that was associated with improved disease-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS MPNSTs of the eighth CN are extremely rare and portend a poor prognosis. Nearly half of patients initially present with findings consistent with a benign VS, often making an early diagnosis challenging. In light of these data, early radiological and clinical follow-up should be considered in those who elect nonoperative treatment, particularly in patients with a short duration of symptoms or atypical presentation. These data also provide a baseline rate of malignancy that should be considered when estimating the risk of malignant transformation following stereotactic radiosurgery for VS.

Introduction:We report a unique EEG phenomenon in patients with paroxysmal neurological events undergoing video EEG monitoring.Methods:Two epilepsy centers analyzed the interictal scalp EEG in patients using personal electronic devices during epilepsy monitoring. The texting rhythm (TR) was defined as a reproducible, stimulus-evoked, generalized frontocentral monomorphic burst of 5–6 Hz theta consistently induced by active text messaging. An independent prospective and retrospective cohort was analyzed and compared from two sites in Florida and Illinois. We assessed age, gender, diagnosis, epilepsy classification, MRI, and EEG to compare patients with a TR. Analysis was performed with statistical significance set atP< 0.05.Results:We identified 24 of 98 evaluable patients with a TR in a prospective arm at one center and 7 of 31 patients in a retrospective arm at another totaling 31/129 (24.0%). The waveform prevalence was similar at both centers independent of location. TR was highly specific to active texting. A similar waveform during independent cognitive, speech or language, motor activation and audio cellular telephone use was absent (P< 0.0001). It appeared to be increased in patients with epilepsy in one cohort (P= 0.03) and generalized seizures in the other (P= 0.025). Age, gender, epilepsy type, MRI results, and EEG lateralization in patients with focal epileptic seizures did not bear a relationship to the presence of a TR in either arm of the study (P= NS).Conclusions:The TR is a novel waveform time-locked to text messaging and associated with active use of smartphones. Electroencephalographers should be aware of the TR to separate it from an abnormality in patients undergoing video EEG monitoring. Larger sample sizes and additional research may help define the significance of this unique cognitive-visual-cognitive-motor network that is technology-related and task-specific with implications in communication research and transportation safety.