Citations

Background: Delivering specialty care remotely directly into people's homes can enhance access for and improve the healthcare of individuals with chronic conditions. However, evidence supporting this approach is limited. Materials and Methods: Connect.Parkinson is a randomized comparative effectiveness study that compares usual care of individuals with Parkinson's disease in the community with usual care augmented by virtual house calls with a Parkinson's disease specialist from 1 of 18 centers nationally. Individuals in the intervention arm receive four virtual visits from a Parkinson's disease specialist over 1 year via secure, Web-based videoconferencing directly into their homes. All study activities, including recruitment, enrollment, and assessments, are conducted remotely. Here we report on interest, feasibility, and barriers to enrollment in this ongoing study. Results: During recruitment, 11,734 individuals visited the study's Web site, and 927 unique individuals submitted electronic interest forms. Two hundred ten individuals from 18 states enrolled in the study from March 2014 to June 2015, and 195 were randomized. Most participants were white (96%) and college educated (73%). Of the randomized participants, 73% had seen a Parkinson's disease specialist within the previous year. Conclusions: Among individuals with Parkinson's disease, national interest in receiving remote specialty care directly into the home is high. Remote enrollment in this care model is feasible but is likely affected by differential access to the Internet.

Background and Purpose— Age-related changes in the cerebrovasculature, including blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, are emerging as potential risks for diverse neurological conditions. Because the accumulation of senescent cells in tissues is increasingly recognized as a critical step leading to age-related organ dysfunction, we evaluated whether senescent vascular cells are associated with compromised BBB integrity. Methods— Effects of vascular cell senescence on tight junction and barrier integrity were studied using an in vitro BBB model, composed of endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes. In addition, tight junction coverage in microvessels and BBB integrity in BubR1 hypomorphic (BubR1 H/H ) mice, which display senescence cell-dependent phenotypes, were examined. Results— When an in vitro BBB model was constructed with senescent endothelial cells and pericytes, tight junction structure and barrier integrity (evaluated by transendothelial electric resistance and tracer efflux assay using sodium fluorescein and Evans blue-albumin were significantly impaired. Endothelial cells and pericytes from BubR1 H/H mice had increased senescent-associated β-galactosidase activity and p16 INK4a expression, demonstrating an exacerbation of senescence. The coverage by tight junction proteins in the cortical microvessels were reduced in BubR1 H/H mice, consistent with a compromised BBB integrity from permeability assays. Importantly, the coverage of microvessels by end-feet of aquaporin 4–immunoreactive astrocytes was not altered in the cortex of the BubR1 H/H mice. Conclusions— Our results indicate that accumulation of senescent vascular cells is associated with compromised BBB integrity, providing insights into the mechanism of BBB disruption related to biological aging.

ABSTRACT Resistance to carbapenems in Enterobacteriaceae is a clinical problem of growing significance. Difficulty in treating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms with conventional antibiotics has led to a renewed and increasing use of polymyxin compounds, such as colistin. Here, we report the isolation of carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Enterobacter cloacae from a polymicrobial lower extremity wound in an ambulatory patient. Whole-genome sequencing demonstrated the presence of chromosomal bla IMI-1 and bla AmpC , as well as numerous efflux pump genes.

Objective Relapse following remission is common in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV), particularly with ANCAs directed at proteinase 3 (PR3). This study was undertaken to evaluate the association of an increase in PR3‐ANCA level with subsequent relapse. Methods Data from the Rituximab versus Cyclophosphamide for ANCA‐Associated Vasculitis (RAVE) trial were used. Starting from the time of achieving complete remission, serial measurements by direct and capture enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were analyzed in 93 patients with PR3‐ANCA, using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results An increase in PR3‐ANCA level was identified in 58 of 93 subjects (62.4%) by direct ELISA and in 59 of 93 (63.4%) by capture ELISA. Relapses occurred in 55 of 93 subjects (59.1%), with 25 and 21 occurring within 1 year after an increase by direct ELISA and capture ELISA, respectively. An increase by direct ELISA was associated with subsequent severe relapses (hazard ratio [HR] 4.57; P < 0.001), particularly in patients presenting with renal involvement (HR 7.94; P < 0.001) and alveolar hemorrhage (HR 24.19; P < 0.001). Both assays identified increased risk for severe relapse in the rituximab group (HR 5.80; P = 0.002 for direct ELISA and HR 4.54; P = 0.007 for capture ELISA) but not the cyclophosphamide/azathioprine group ( P = 0.103 and P = 0.197, respectively). Conclusion The association of an increase in PR3‐ANCA level with the risk of subsequent relapse is partially affected by the PR3‐ANCA detection methodology, disease phenotype, and remission induction treatment. An increase in PR3‐ANCA level during complete remission conveys an increased risk of relapse, particularly severe relapse, among patients with renal involvement or alveolar hemorrhage and those treated with rituximab. Serial measurements of PR3‐ANCA may be informative in this subset of patients, but the risk of relapse must be weighed carefully against the risks associated with therapy.

BACKGROUNDThe objective of the current study was to establish a process for validating immunohistochemistry (IHC) protocols for use on the Cellient cell block (CCB) system.METHODSThirty antibodies were initially tested on CCBs using IHC protocols previously validated on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue (FFPE). Cytology samples were split to generate thrombin cell blocks (TCB) and CCBs. IHC was performed in parallel. Antibody immunoreactivity was scored, and concordance or discordance in immunoreactivity between the TCBs and CCBs for each sample was determined. Criteria for validation of an antibody were defined as concordant staining in expected positive and negative cells, in at least 5 samples each, and concordance in at least 90% of the samples total. Antibodies that failed initial validation were retested after alterations in IHC conditions.RESULTSThirteen of the 30 antibodies (43%) did not meet initial validation criteria. Of those, 8 antibodies (calretinin, clusters of differentiation [CD] 3, CD20, CDX2, cytokeratin 20, estrogen receptor, MOC‐31, and p16) were optimized for CCBs and subsequently validated. Despite several alterations in conditions, 3 antibodies (Ber‐EP4, D2‐40, and paired box gene 8 [PAX8]) were not successfully validated.CONCLUSIONSNearly one‐half of the antibodies tested in the current study failed initial validation using IHC conditions that were established in the study laboratory for FFPE material. Although some antibodies subsequently met validation criteria after optimization of conditions, a few continued to demonstrate inadequate immunoreactivity. These findings emphasize the importance of validating IHC protocols for methanol‐fixed tissue before clinical use and suggest that optimization for alcohol fixation may be needed to obtain adequate immunoreactivity on CCBs. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2016;124:89‐99. © 2016 American Cancer Society.

AbstractBackground and purposeVascular dementia (VAD) is a complex diagnosis at times difficult to distinguish from Alzheimer's disease (AD). MRI scans often show white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in both conditions. WMH increase with age, and both VAD and AD are associated with aging, thus presenting an attribution conundrum. In this study, we sought to show whether the amount of WMH in deep white matter (dWMH), versus periventricular white matter (PVH), would aid in the distinction between VAD and AD, independent of age.MethodsBlinded semiquantitative ratings of WMH validated by objective quantitation of WMH volume from standardized MRI image acquisitions. PVH and dWMH were rated separately and independently by two different examiners using the Scheltens scale. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were generated using logistic regression to assess classification of VAD (13 patients) versus AD (129 patients). Clinical diagnoses were made in a specialty memory disorders clinic.ResultsUsing PVH rating alone, overall classification (area under the ROC curve, AUC) was 75%, due only to the difference in age between VAD and AD patients in our study and not PVH. In contrast, dWMH rating produced 86% classification accuracy with no independent contribution from age. A global Longstreth rating that combines dWMH and PVH gave an 88% AUC.ConclusionsIncreased dWMH indicate a higher likelihood of VAD versus AD. Assessment of dWMH on MRI scans using Scheltens and Longstreth scales may aid the clinician in distinguishing the two conditions.