Citations

AbstractIntroductionTau‐positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with AV1451 is sensitive to Alzheimer disease (AD)–related tau deposition in the brain. We (1) examined regional variation of average tau‐PET standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) in a young normal population (30–49 years) and corrected for the regional variability and (2) tested if the standardized values (z‐scores) scaled appropriately to capture regional Alzheimer‐specific (i.e., amyloid sensitive) tau‐PET changes in individuals aged 50+ years.MethodsWe identified 490 individuals (70 between 30–49 years as a reference group and 420 cognitively normal between 50–95 years of age) with tau‐PET and amyloid PET scans from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging.ResultsThere was intrinsic regional variability in average tau‐PET SUVR with uptakes higher in some regions than others, even in the younger individuals who would have minimal or no neurofibrillary tangles. We corrected for this using region of interest–specific z‐scores based on the reference group. Amyloid and tau‐PET uptake were associated throughout the brain after adjusting for age, with the highest correlations in the medial temporal regions.DiscussionRegions with high‐average SUVR are not necessarily those with the greatest tau pathology. Standardization is therefore recommended. Standardization of the data “realigns” the data such that the regional tau z‐scores are informative of the disease process, that is, regions with high z‐scores now coincide with regions correlated with amyloid deposition. Medial temporal structures, specifically entorhinal cortex–tau, may be useful as an AD‐specific tau‐PET signature due to its sensitivity to amyloid.

ObjectiveTo determine if cholesterol is a risk factor for the development of lower urinary tract symptoms in asymptomatic men.MethodsA post‐hoc analysis of the Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer Events (REDUCE) study was carried out in 2323 men with baseline International Prostate Symptom Score <8 and not taking benign prostatic hyperplasia or cholesterol medications. Cox proportion models were used to test the association between cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein and the cholesterol : high‐density lipoprotein ratio with incident lower urinary tract symptoms, defined as first report of medical treatment, surgery or two reports of an International Prostate Symptom Score >14.ResultsA total of 253 men (10.9%) developed incident lower urinary tract symptoms. On crude analysis, higher high‐density lipoprotein was associated with a decreased lower urinary tract symptoms risk (hazard ratio 0.89, P = 0.024), whereas total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein showed no association. After multivariable adjustment, the association between high‐density lipoprotein and incident lower urinary tract symptoms remained significant (hazard ratio 0.89, P = 0.044), whereas no association was observed for low‐density lipoprotein (P = 0.611). There was a trend for higher cholesterol to be linked with higher lower urinary tract symptoms risk, though this was not statistically significant (hazard ratio 1.04, P = 0.054). A higher cholesterol : high‐density lipoprotein ratio was associated with increased lower urinary tract symptoms risk on crude (hazard ratio 1.11, P = 0.016) and adjusted models (hazard ratio 1.12, P = 0.012).ConclusionsAmong asymptomatic men participating in the REDUCE study, higher cholesterol was associated with increased incident lower urinary tract symptoms risk, though the association was not significant. A higher cholesterol : high‐density lipoprotein ratio was associated with increased incident lower urinary tract symptoms, whereas higher high‐density lipoprotein was protective. These findings suggest dyslipidemia might play a role in lower urinary tract symptoms progression.