Citations

Background The Contour is a new generation intrasaccular flow disruption tool that aims to cover the aneurysm neck and is sized according to the neck diameter. While several case series have been published, no literature review has been performed on this promising device. Objective To assess the safety and effectiveness profile of the Contour Neurovascular System for wide-necked aneurysms. Methods We followed the recommendations of the PRISMA checklist Four databases were searched with a supplemental manual search. All data were analyzed using R software version 4.2.1. Results We finally included six studies with 131 treated aneurysms. The overall procedural time was 97.27 (95% CI = 70.07–124.47) minutes, ranging from 78.9 to 136.0 min. The pooled adequate occlusion rate was 84.21% (95% CI = 75.45–90.25), and the overall functional independence rate was 94.74% (87.97–97.79). The overall adverse event rate was 4.70 (95% CI = 3.24–6.76), varying among different events from 0.78 to 8.53%. Thromboembolic events were the most commonly encountered in 8.53% of the patients (95% CI = 4.78–14.74), followed by headache and minor stroke with incidence rates of 5.88 (95% CI = 2.83–11.83) and 4.35 (95% CI = 1.41–12.63), respectively. The overall procedural time in studies using the Contour system only was 86.17 (95% CI = 68.70–10.64) minutes, while it was 136 (95% CI = 90.96–181.04) in the Contour-assisted coiling procedures. However, both techniques were comparable regarding adequate occlusion rates and functional independence. Conclusion With the anticipation of future studies, the Contour Neurovascular System is a safe and effective treatment option for wide-necked intracranial aneurysms.

Background Early neurological deterioration (END) is a potential predictor for 90-day outcomes following mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to better understand whether END can be used as a surrogate for long-term outcomes. Methods Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature review of the English language literature was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase. END definition was cataloged for each included study. Outcomes of interest included 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), mortality, and thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) 2b-3. We calculated pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all definitions of END. Results We included seven studies with 2992 patients in our analysis. There was a significant, inverse association with END and mRS 0–2 rates (OR = 0.15; 95% CI = 0.08–0.29; P-value< 0.001). Moreover, END was a significant predictor of increased odds for reported sICH rates (OR = 16.37; 95% CI = 7.66–34.99; P-value< 0.001). Furthermore, there was a significant association between END and increase in mortality rates (OR = 6.79; 95% CI = 2.62–17.62; P-value< 0.001). There was no significant association between END and rates of TICI 2b-3 (OR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.27–1.05; p = 0.069). Conclusions Broadly defined, END holds value as a potential predictor of rates of mRS 0–2 at 90 days and is associated with higher rates of mortality and sICH, but had no correlation with TICI 2b-3.

Background Wake-up stroke represents a significant challenge in acute treatment and care. Thrombolysis has been extensively studied in the wake-up stroke population. However, mechanical thrombectomy in wake-up stroke exclusively has not been well studied. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the clinical and functional outcomes of patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy for wake-up stroke. Methods We performed a systematic review of the literature using publically accessible databases. Data extraction was completed using Nested Knowledge AutoLit software. Outcomes of interest included modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2, mortality, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), and thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) score 2b/3. Statistical analysis was performed using R software version 4.1.2. Results A total of 12 studies were included in our study with a total of 510 patients included. Patients with wake-up stroke were found to have good functional outcome (mRS 0–2) in 46.2% of patients and successful reperfusion (TICI 2b/3) was seen in 83.5% of patients. Mortality was observed in 20.4% of patients with sICH seen in 8.3%. Conclusion Mechanical thrombectomy for patients with wake-up stroke was found to have favorable rates of good functional outcomes and relatively low rates of adverse events.

Background The benefit of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) and efficacy of different first-line MT techniques remain unclear for distal and medium vessel occlusions (DMVOs). In this systematic review, we aimed to compare the performance of three first-line MT techniques in DMVOs. Methods The PubMed database was searched for studies examining the utility of MT in DMVOs (middle cerebral artery M2-3-4, anterior cerebral artery, and posterior cerebral artery). Studies providing data for aspiration thrombectomy (ASP), stent retriever thrombectomy (SR), and combined SR+ASP technique were included. Non-comparative studies were excluded. Safety and efficacy data were collected for each technique. The Nested Knowledge AutoLit platform was utilized for literature search, screening, and data extraction. Pooled data were presented as descriptive statistics. Results 13 studies comprising 2422 MT procedures were identified. The overall successful recanalization rate was 77.0% (1513/1964) for DMVOs. SR+ASP had a successful recanalization rate of 83.7% (297/355), SR had a 75.6% rate (638/844), while ASP alone had a 74.2% rate (386/520). The overall functional independence rate was 51.3% (851/1659) among DMVOs. The ASP alone group had a functional independence rate of 46.9% (219/467), while functional independence rates of the SR and SR+ASP groups were 51.5% (372/723) and 61.7% (174/282), respectively. Finally, the subarachnoid hemorrhage rates were 1.8% (4/217) for the ASP group, 9.3% (26/281) for the SR group, and 11.9% (41/344) for the SR+ASP group. Conclusions Our systematic review supports the proposition that MT is a safe and effective treatment option for DMVOs. Additionally, while the SR+ASP group had consistently high rates of clot clearance and good neurological outcomes, the SR and SR+ASP groups also had higher rates of subarachnoid hemorrhage, highlighting the need for improved DMVO treatment devices.

AbstractBackground and AimsThe COVID‐19 pandemic and the resultant change in sedentary behaviors have had immense health, economic, and social implications globally. As governments worldwide imposed lockdowns and curfews, the amount of time spent indoors greatly increased. This lead to a dramatic change in physical activity (PA) levels and profound consequences on daily routines. Our study aimed to investigate patterns of PA during the COVID‐19 pandemic among adults residing in Saudi Arabia.MethodsThis cross‐sectional survey‐based study aimed to investigate patterns of PA during the COVID‐19 pandemic among adults residing in Saudi Arabia. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was utilized to measure participants' PA levels between April 2021 and May 2021. Participants were then classified into three groups according to their PA level, and their PA levels and sedentary behaviors were analyzed.ResultsWe surveyed 463 participants, 315 (68%) of which were female and 134 (32%) of which were male with a median age of 23 (interquartile range, 21–35) years. Moderate‐to‐high PA was reported by 257 (55.7%) of the participants. There was a significant decrease in PA during the COVID‐19 pandemic and resultant lockdowns among the participants (p = 0.04), with higher rates of sedentary behavior among males than females (p = 0.14).ConclusionsThe decline in PA is a profound challenge of the COVID‐19 pandemic that needs to be addressed by health practitioners and policymakers. Our study highlights the decline in PA levels seen during the COVID‐19 pandemic and the importance of promotional programs and interventions to increase PA among the Saudi Arabian population without compromising the essential health restrictions and social distancing.

Background Young patients experience acute ischemic stroke (AIS) at much lower rates than their older counterparts. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the question regarding outcomes and clinical characteristics of young stroke patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy for AIS. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review of the literature was conducted using the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase. The primary outcome of interest was 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2. Secondary outcome variables included rate of successful reperfusion (TICI 2b/3), symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), and mortality. Using R software version 4.1.2, we calculated pooled event rates and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all outcomes. Results Our analysis included eight studies with a total of 1903 patients. Definitions of young patients included age ranges of 18–49/50 years, 18–54/55 years, and 18–64/65 years. Functional independence was achieved in 62.0% of the patients, with an overall mortality of 9.0%. Moreover, successful reperfusion was achieved in 82.0% of the patients with sICH rates of 5.7%. There was significant heterogeneity among different analyses, which could not be attributed to the differences of the definition of young patients. Conclusions Following mechanical thrombectomy for AIS, patients aged 18–65 years achieved relatively high rates of functional independence and successful reperfusion and low rates of mortality and sICH. Clinical Perspective In this systematic review and meta-analysis of eight studies, we examined outcomes in young stroke patients, aged 18–65 years old, following mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke. We found that young patients achieved high rates of functional independence, high rates of successful reperfusion, and low rates of mortality and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. While there have been several papers examining outcomes following mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke in young patients, the results of these studies have yet to be pooled together in a meta-analysis. Our results indicate that young patients have good outcomes following mechanical thrombectomy. Further studies that examine these outcomes are warranted so that a higher-powered analysis can be performed to better informed clinicians regarding outcomes in this patient age-group cohort.

Background Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is an effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke attributable to the anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion. Randomized trials of patients with posterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion (PC‐LVO) have failed to show a benefit of EVT over medical therapy (MEDT). We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to understand better whether EVT is beneficial for PC‐LVO. Methods Using the Nested Knowledge AutoLit living review platform, we identified randomized control trials and prospective studies that reported functional outcomes in patients with PC‐LVO treated with EVT versus MEDT. The primary outcome variable was 90‐day modified Rankin scale score of 0 to 3, and secondary outcome variables included 90‐day modified Rankin scale score of 0 to 2, 90‐day mortality, and rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. A separate random effects model was fit for each outcome measure to calculate pooled odds ratios. Results Three studies with 1248 patients, 860 in the EVT arm and 388 in the MEDT arm, were included in the meta‐analysis. The favorable outcome rate (modified Rankin scale score of 0–3) in patients undergoing EVT was 39.9% (95% CI, 30.6%–50.1%) versus 24.5% in patients undergoing MEDT (95% CI, 9.6%–49.8%). Patients undergoing EVT had higher modified Rankin scale score of 0 to 2 rates (31.8% [95% CI, 25.7%–38.5%] versus 19.7% [95% CI, 7.4%–42.7%]) and lower mortality (42.1% [95% CI, 35.9%–48.6%] versus 52.8% [95% CI, 33.3%–71.5%]) compared with patients undergoing MEDT, but neither result was statistically significant. Patients undergoing EVT were more likely to develop symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (odds ratio, 10.36; 95% CI, 3.92–27.40). Conclusions EVT treatment of PC‐LVO trended toward superior functional outcomes and reduced mortality compared with MEDT despite a trend toward increased symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in patients undergoing EVT. Existing randomized and prospective studies are insufficiently powered to demonstrate a benefit of EVT over MEDT in patients with PC‐LVO.

Background and Purpose: Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is an effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion of the anterior circulation (AC-LVO). Randomized trials of posterior circulation large vessel occlusion (PC-LVO) patients have failed to show a benefit of EVT over medical therapy (MEDT). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to understand better whether EVT is beneficial for PC-LVO. Methods: Using the Nested Knowledge AutoLit living review platform, we identified randomized control trials and prospective studies that reported functional outcomes in patients with PC-LVO treated with EVT versus MEDT. The primary outcome variable was 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0-3, and secondary outcome variables included 90-day mRS 0-2, 90-day mortality, and rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). A separate random effects model was fit for each outcome measure to calculate pooled odds ratios. Results: Three studies with 1,248 patients, 860 in the EVT arm and 388 in the MEDT arm, were included in the meta-analysis. The favorable outcome rate (mRS 0-3) in EVT patients was 39.9% (95% CI: 30.6-50.1%) versus 24.5% in MEDT patients (95% CI: 9.6-49.8%). EVT patients had higher mRS 0-2 rates (31.8% [95% CI: 25.7-38.5%] versus 19.7% [95% CI: 7.4-42.7%]) and lower mortality (42.1% [95% CI: 35.9-48.6%] versus 52.8% [95% CI: 33.3-71.5%]) compared to MEDT patients, but neither result was statistically significant. EVT patients were more likely to develop sICH (OR=10.36; 95% CI: 3.92-27.40). Conclusions: EVT treatment of PC-LVO trended toward superior functional outcomes and reduced mortality compared to MEDT despite a trend toward increased sICH in EVT patients. Existing randomized and prospective studies are insufficiently powered to demonstrate a benefit of EVT over MEDT in PC-LVO patients.