Citations

Abstract Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death, and the most common cancer diagnosed globally. Approximately 85% of lung cancer cases are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). After initial surgical treatment, adjuvant therapy with conventional or targeted chemotherapy can help optimize survival. These treatments, however, must be tailored to each patients’ problematic situation, including cancer characteristics and goals of care. Shared decision making (SDM) is a method of care by which patients and clinicians work together to form plans of care that advance the patient’s problematic human situation. This method often requires evaluating alternative options, “trying them on” for fit given their practical demands and favorable and unfavorable effects. Tools used within the encounter can facilitate and support SDM conversations, yet none exist for considering care post-surgical treatment of NSCLC. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel encounter tool for SDM, NSCLC Choice, compared to usual care at improving SDM and reducing decisional conflict for patients with resected early-stage NSCLC considering adjuvant treatment. Methods We will conduct a parallel, patient-level randomized trial comparing NSCLC Choice with usual care. Patients will be eligible if they are adults with stage >1B NSCLC eligible for postsurgical adjuvant chemotherapy. Allocation will be central and post-consent. Patients will be blinded to our trial hypothesis, instead of being invited to evaluate an educational intervention. Our primary outcome is SDM quality, which we will assess using participant reported measures (patient SDM-Q-9) obtained immediately post-encounter and an observer measure estimated from video recording of trial encounters in both arms (OPTION12). With resources to conduct a 100-patient trial, we will have >80% power to detect a 12-point medium difference between arms in patient-reported SDM-Q-9. We will also assess the secondary outcomes of knowledge about the disease and the features of treatment options using an ad hoc questionnaire, decisional conflict using the Decisional Conflict Scale, and patient and clinician satisfaction using the metrics used in prior SDM intervention trials. We will also determine encounter length using video recordings. Discussion In testing NSCLC Choice, we seek to determine the extent to which this intervention can improve care for patients with NSCLC considering adjuvant therapy after surgery. In addition, we expect to determine whether this intervention is satisfactory to participants and feasible in practice. If successful, this study will result in an evidence-based tool for promoting patient-centered conversations around NSCLC and cancer care those fits. Trial Registration: NCT06122064 ClinicalTrials.gov

Summary Renal response (RenR) in light‐chain (AL) amyloidosis is associated with a lower risk of end‐stage kidney disease and improved survival. However, substantial variation exists in the time to and depth of RenR. We investigated variables associated with RenR in a retrospective study of newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis patients ( n = 350) assessable for RenR between 2010 and 2022. RenRs were recorded at 6, 12 and 24 months and best response. Deep RenR was defined as a ≥renal very good partial response (RenVGPR, >60% reduction in 24‐h proteinuria or ≤200 mg). Logistic regression and competing risk methods were used to examine variables associated with RenR. The median age was 64 years, and median follow‐up was 5.5 years. On multivariable logistic regression, obtaining ≥HemVGPR within 6 months, kappa isotype, high baseline difference between involved and uninvolved free light chains (dFLC ≥40 mg/dL), renal stage and autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplant (AHSCT) were significantly associated with deep RenR. Cumulative incidence rates for deep RenR, treating death or renal progression as a competing event, demonstrated that early HemR, first‐line AHSCT, lower renal stage and dFLC ≥40 mg/dL significantly increased the likelihood of deep RenR. Specific clonal plasma cell features, namely light‐chain isotype and baseline dFLC levels, independently influence the timing and depth of RenRs in AL amyloidosis following treatment, in addition to renal stage and HemR.

Abstract Solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP) and SBP with minimal marrow involvement (SBPmm) are treated similarly with definitive radiation therapy (RT) followed by observation. However, differences in the natural disease course after RT between the two, are not well described. We performed a multicenter study assessing outcomes after RT in 141 patients with SBP and 102 with SBPmm diagnosed between January 2010 and December 2024. About 92% of patients with SBPmm progressed to multiple myeloma (MM) vs 76% of those with SBP (P = .01). Among patients with SBP, 21% progressed with a second solitary bone lesion vs 4% with SBPmm (P< .01). Patients with longer time to progression (TTP) after initial RT could achieve durable responses with RT to a second solitary plasmacytoma in the absence of other myeloma-defining events (MDE). Multifocal lytic bone lesions were the most common MDE, occurring in 89% and 81% of patients with SBPmm and SBP, respectively. Patients with SBPmm had a median TTP of 15 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 14-21) compared to 43 months (95% CI, 34-55) for those with SBP (P< .0001); 67% with SBPmm progressed within 2 years of diagnosis. Del(17p) and 1q+ (gain or amplification) were associated with shorter TTP to MM in SBPmm, with 2-year progression rates of 100% and 82%, respectively. We report significant differences in risk and modes of progression between SBP and SBPmm. Patients with SBPmm are at particularly high risk for early progression to MM, with most developing bone disease as the MDE. These findings support prospective studies incorporating frontline systemic therapy for SBPmm.

Abstract Background: Early detection is the most potent strategy to improve survival in PDA, but its success hinges on an unresolved question: does radiologically invisible disease represent biologically early or indolent disease, or established malignancy beneath the threshold of detection? We leveraged prediagnostic CTs—incidental scans obtained 3-36 months prior to diagnosis without a focal mass—to define the relationship between imaging phenotype and tumor biology. Methods: From a multi-institutional pool of 5,046 biopsy-confirmed PDAs, we assembled a cohort of 346 prediagnostic CTs, which were independently evaluated by three radiologists using a standardized protocol. Based on majority vote, CTs were dichotomized into imaging-occult (IO) (normal pancreas) and imaging-apparent (IA) (abnormal pancreas with indirect signs such as focal atrophy, duct dilatation, etc.) groups. Tumor size and metastases (M) at diagnosis, and overall survival (OS) were compared using multivariable linear (size), logistic (M1), and Cox proportional hazards (OS) models, adjusting for lead time to diagnosis, age, sex, diabetes, CA 19-9, and surgical resection status, to isolate the independent biological relevance of the imaging phenotype. Results: IO phenotype was seen in 150 patients (mean age 66.7±11.2; 37.3% females) while 196 had IA phenotype (mean age 69.9±10.6; 49.5% females). Median lead time was 396 days (range: 90-1088) with the IA group being enriched in 3-12-month lead time (57.7% vs 33.3%; p<0.001). Both groups had comparable diabetes rates (IA 33.2% vs IO 32.7%; p=1.0), median CA 19-9 (IA 193 vs IO 322 U/mL; p=0.41), and surgical resection (IA 38.3% vs IO 38.0%; p = 1.0). While unadjusted mean tumor size at diagnosis was larger in IA group (3.8 cm vs 3.2 cm), there was no difference after adjusting for clinical factors (-7.1% difference; 95% CI: -17.2, 4.2; p=0.21). Metastases were also comparable (M rate: IA 22.4% vs IO 27.3%; adjusted OR 0.97; 95% CI: 0.50, 1.88; p=0.93). Adjusted Cox models demonstrated equivalent OS (median: 18.7 vs 17.6 months; HR 1.06; p=0.66), which persisted even when stratified by surgical status (HR 1.07; 95% CI: 0.83, 1.38; p=0.61). Even in the critical 3-12 months lead time (n=163), OS remained equivalent (HR 0.89; p=0.62), and groups did not differ in either tumor size (-6.4%; 95% CI: -22.4, 12.9; p=0.49) or metastases (OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.14, 1.59; p=0.23). Conclusions: A normal-appearing pancreas on prediagnostic imaging is common yet signifies neither early nor indolent disease—it harbors PDA biologically equivalent to the imaging-apparent pancreatic phenotype. Because the disease at this stage lies beyond human perceptual capacity, AI augmentation represents the only potential path to realizing the survival benefit of early detection. Citation Format: Khurram Khaliq Bhinder, Sovanlal Mukherjee, Armin Zarrintan, Angela Ammirabile, Ahmed Khan Jadoon, Ziding Feng, Suresh T. Chari, Ajit H. Goenka. Dissociation between prediagnostic imaging phenotype and tumor biology defines the early detection challenge in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2026; Part 2 (Late-Breaking, Clinical Trial, and Invited Abstracts); 2026 Apr 17-22; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2026;86(8_Suppl):Abstract nr LB205.