Citations

Although one-fourth of all medicare dollars are spent during the last year of life, symptom management for terminal hospitalized patients has continued to be inadequate. Quality end-of-life care is often overlooked, seldom taught and rarely measured within Internal Medicine Residency Programmes. We studied the effects of a palliative care order set and educational e-mail on resident comfort. Survey of residents showed that only 54% were comfortable across nine aspects of palliative care. Three months after release, 88% of residents were using the order set and 63% believed it increased their comfort with palliative care. Resident comfort managing palliative symptoms increased an average 10% ( P = 0.02). First-year residents exposed to this order set increased in comfort from 40% to 65% ( P < 0.0001), which significantly surpassed the 48% of second-year residents who reported being comfortable ( P = 0.002). Introducing a palliative care order set improves resident comfort with symptom management in dying patients.

Sixty-four children, aged 0-17 years, undergoing ambulatory electroencephalography (EEG) were prospectively recruited during a 12-month period. The diagnostic yield of ambulatory electroencephalography was determined for each of the following groups: group 1: differentiation of seizures from nonepileptic events; group 2: determination of seizure/interictal discharge frequency; and group 3: classification of seizure type or localization. The ambulatory electroencephalography answered the clinical question in 61% of group 1 (27/44) and 100% of groups 2 (16/16) and 3 (4/4). Of 44 cases in Group 1, clinical events were recorded in 61%; the ambulatory electroencephalography result changed the diagnosis from epileptic to nonepileptic or vice versa in 27%. When clinicians suspected that events were epileptic, ambulatory electroencephalography changed the clinical impression in 50%, whereas when events were suspected to be nonepileptic, ambulatory electroencephalography confirmed that impression in 83%.

Background and Purpose Hemipelvectomy is a life-changing treatment for pelvic malignancies. This study compared functional outcomes and quality of life of patients following internal or external hemipelvectomies. Subjects Ninety-seven patients who underwent tumor-related internal (n=39) or external (n=58) hemipelvectomy surgery between January 1, 1988, and December 31, 2004, participated in the study. Methods Using a descriptive retrospective cohort study design, functional status was evaluated with the Barthel Index at 3 time points. Quality-of-life parameters were evaluated at follow-up using the Linear Analog Self-Assessment tool (LASA). Results Data were collected on all 97 patients at rehabilitation consultation and hospital discharge. Follow-up data were obtained via survey on 44% of the original group at a median of 5.8 years (interquartile range [IRQ]=1.7–10.4) after surgery. Median total Barthel Index scores were similar between the internal and external hemipelvectomy groups at the initial physical medicine and rehabilitation assessment (10 [IQR=10–15] versus 10 [IQR=3.75–15]), at discharge (40 [IQR=30–65] versus 50 [IQR=35–66.25]), and at follow-up (92.5 [IQR=76.25–100] versus 92.5 [IQR=78.75–96.25]). Participants with external hemipelvectomies were less independent in bladder function and experienced greater pain severity at follow-up compared with those with internal hemipelvectomies. Overall quality-of-life parameters were similar between the groups. Discussion and Conclusion Despite significant differences in surgical procedures, immediate and long-term functional outcomes and quality-of-life parameters were similar among participants with internal and external hemipelvectomies.

Background— Outflow tract ventricular tachycardia originating above the semilunar valves has been reported in a small number of studies. Discrete potentials in the great arteries (above the semilunar valves) have been rarely described in patients undergoing electrophysiology evaluation and radiofrequency ablation for ventricular arrhythmias. The mechanisms of these discrete potentials in the great arteries and the utility of such potentials in guiding radiofrequency ablation are unknown. Methods and Results— Twelve patients with outflow tract ventricular arrhythmia originating above the semilunar valves with discrete arterial potentials were studied. The clinical characteristics, properties of the arterial potentials, electrophysiological evaluation and ablation, and short- and long-term outcomes were reviewed. Of the twelve patients, 8 (67%) were women. The patients’ average age was 41�14 years. The average ejection fraction was 0.52�0.16 (range: 0.16 to 0.75). Contact mapping in the great artery demonstrated discrete near-field electrograms that were separate from far-field ventricular electrograms in all patients (8 above the pulmonary valve and in 4 the aortic valve). One or more of the following electrophysiological characteristics, supportive of an arrhythmogenic substrate, were observed in 10 of 12 patients: (1) A fixed or reproducibly variable pattern of discrete potential–ventricular arrhythmia relationship was present at baseline or during pacing; (2) the discrete potential–ventricular electrogram relationship during sinus rhythm was the reverse of that during the ventricular arrhythmia; (3) during sustained ventricular tachycardia, spontaneous variation of the ventricular (V-V) cycle length was preceded by a similar variation of arterial spike potential–spike potential cycle length; and (4) ablation guided by the discrete arterial potential successfully eliminated the clinical arrhythmia. Ablation was successful in these patients. In the remaining 2 patients, the potentials were believed to be bystanders. Over 10�4 months (range: 5 to 32 months) of follow-up, there have been no recurrences of the premature ventricular complex or ventricular arrhythmia. Conclusions— Discrete potentials are present in the great arteries of a select group of patients with outflow tract ventricular tachycardia originating above the semilunar valves. When an arrhythmogenic relationship can be demonstrated, discrete potentials are useful in guiding ablation within the great vessels, despite significant anatomic complexity.