Citations

8541 Background: Achievement of a complete response (CR) to treatment is an important predictor of outcome for patients (pts) with myeloma (MM). The goal of the current study was to assess whether the treatment that resulted in CR has any impact on the outcomes. Methods: We identified 462 pts with MM, who fulfilled the IMWG criteria for CR, seen at Mayo Clinic between 1991 and 2011. The treatment was classified into groups by the regimen that led to CR (Table), and also based on whether an autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) was part of the regimen. The remaining 21 pts had a variety of regimens and are not included in the Table. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 58.5 yrs (27.1–82.3 yrs) with 56% males. The overall survival (OS) from diagnosis for the entire cohort was 10.7 yrs (95% CI; 9.3, NR). The median interval from diagnosis to the recorded CR was 10.3 mos (range 1- 170), with 272 (58.4%) and 385 (82.7%) obtaining a CR in <12 mos and <24 months from diagnosis. We first compared the outcomes based on whether ASCT was part of the regimen; 328 had an ASCT while 117 pts received only chemotherapy. Median time to progression (TTP) following a CR was 5.1 yrs for the ASCT group compared with 5.5 yrs for the rest (P=0.3). Median OS from CR was 9.1 yrs for the ASCT group and 7.5 yrs for the rest (P=0.5) and OS from diagnosis was 10.1 yrs for the ASCT group and 12.6 for the rest (P=0.5). Examining the outcomes based on the regimen utilized showed that the TTP and OS from CR as well as OS from diagnosis were similar for all the groups (Table). Among pts who had a CR within a year of diagnosis, there were no differences in terms of the TTP or OS from the onset of CR or from diagnosis between the ASCT vs. chemotherapy groups or between the different regimens (P=NS for all comparisons). Conclusions: The current study highlights an important message regarding CR in MM. The results suggest that the prognostic value of CR is independent of the nature of therapy, and likely reflects the contribution of disease biology to obtaining a CR. [Table: see text]

8528 Background: RRMM patients (pts) who fail lenalidomide (LEN) and bortezomib (BORT) have poor prognosis. High-risk cytogenetics predict shorter survival. POM + LoDEX has demonstrated efficacy in pts with prior LEN and BORT and high-risk cytogenetics. MM-003 is an open-label, multicenter, phase III trial comparing POM + LoDEX vs. HiDEX in RRMM pts who failed LEN and BORT treatment (Tx) and have progressed on their last therapy. Methods: Pts must have been refractory to the last prior Tx (progressive disease [PD] during or within 60 days) and failed LEN and BORT after ≥ 2 consecutive cycles of each (alone or in combination). Randomization was 2:1 to POM 4 mg D1–21 + DEX 40 mg (20 mg for pts aged > 75 y) weekly; or DEX 40 mg (20 mg for pts aged > 75 y) D1–4, 9–12, and 17–20 (28-day cycles). Tx continued until PD or unacceptable adverse events (AEs). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included OS and AEs. This analysis examined pts meeting modified high-risk cytogenetic criteria—del(17p13) and/or t(4p16/14q32). Results: 302 pts received POM + LoDEX, and 153 pts received HiDEX. 225 and 107 pts, respectively, were evaluable for cytogenetics. Baseline characteristics were similar. Median PFS and OS were significantly longer with POM + LoDEX vs. HiDEX, regardless of cytogenetic risk (Table). The most common grade 3/4 AEs were neutropenia, anemia, and infection (Table). Discontinuation due to AE was low: 4% vs. 6% (high risk) and 10% vs. 4% (standard risk). Conclusions: Median PFS and OS were significantly longer with POM + LoDEX vs. HiDEX in pts with cytogenetically-defined high-risk disease, consistent with results from the intent-to-treat population. Tolerability was acceptable. POM + LoDEX should be considered a new Tx option in pts failing LEN and BORT. Clinical trial information: NCT01311687. [Table: see text]

8527 Background: Pts who have exhausted lenalidomide (LEN) and bortezomib (BORT) treatment (Tx) have a poor prognosis. A significant proportion of pts have RI with increasing incidence during disease course. POM + LoDEX has demonstrated efficacy in pts with prior LEN and BORT, including those with RI. MM-003 is an open-label, multicenter, phase 3 trial comparing POM + LoDEX vs HiDEX in RRMM pts who failed LEN and BORT and progressed on their last Tx. Methods: Pts must have failed LEN and BORT after ≥ 2 consecutive cycles of each (alone or in combination) and must have been refractory to last prior Tx (progressive disease [PD] during Tx or within 60 days). Pts with creatinine clearance (CrCl) < 45 mL/min were excluded. Randomization was 2:1 to POM 4 mg D1–21 + DEX 40 mg (20 mg for pts aged > 75 y) qw; or DEX 40 mg (20 mg for pts aged > 75 y) D1–4, 9–12, and 17–20 (28-D cycles). Tx continued until PD or unacceptable adverse event (AE). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and AEs. This analysis examined pts with or without moderate RI (CrCl < 60 vs ≥ 60mL/min). Results: 302 pts received POM + LoDEX; 153 pts received HiDEX, 31% and 39% had moderate RI, respectively. Pts with moderate RI were more likely to be older (64% vs 36% aged > 65 y) vs no RI. Median follow-up was 4 mo. Median PFS and OS were significantly longer with POM + LoDEX vs HiDEX regardless of RI (Table). Similar AE rates for POM + LoDEX as well as HiDEX Tx were seen in pts with and without moderate RI (Table). Discontinuation due to AE was 5% vs 7% (no moderate RI) and 11% vs 5% (moderate RI). Conclusions: POM + LoDEX significantly extended PFS and OS vs HiDEX in pts with or without moderate RI. Tolerability of POM + LoDEX was acceptable across subgroups, with few discontinuations due to AE. Clinical trial information: NCT01311687. [Table: see text]

8516 Background: There is consensus that light chain amyloidosis (AL) patients with CRAB criteria (abnormal calcium or renal function, anemia or lytic bone lesions) also have multiple myeloma (MM). These patients are typically excluded from AL trials; however, AL patients with >= 10% bone marrow plasma cells (BMPC) in the absence of CRAB are included in trials along with AL with < 10% BMPC. We postulated that the currently used dichotomy may be incorrect and examined the spectrum of AL with and without MM. Methods: We identified 1,272 patients with AL seen within 90 days of diagnosis, between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2010. We defined the population of patients with coexisting MM based on the existence of CRAB (AL-CRAB-MM). Patients without CRAB were divided into two groups, AL-only (<10% BMPC) and AL-PC-MM (>=10% BMPC). Results: Among the 1,272 patients, 117 (9%) had AL-CRAB-MM, 476 (37%) had AL-PC-MM, and 679 (53%) had AL only. Their respective median overall survivals (OS) were 16.2, 15.8, and 28.4 months (p<0.0001). Autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) was performed in 203 (30%), 138 (29%) and 23 (20%) patients respectively. Since the outcomes of AL-CRAB-MM and AL-PC-MM were similar, they were pooled for univariate and multivariate analyses. On multivariate analysis, AL-CRAB-MM and AL-PC-MM retained negative prognostic value independent of age, cardiac stage, prior autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT), beta 2 microglobulin, and dFLC. We next considered whether patients received ASCT as part of their treatment. For those patients who never received ASCT, the 5-year OS were 19%, 14%, and 31%, p<0.001, for AL-CRAB-MM, AL-PC-MM, and AL only respectively. In contrast, for those patients who received ASCT, the respective 5-year OS were 46%, 56%, and 73%, p<0.001. Conclusions: AL patients with >=10% BMPCs have a poor prognosis similar to patients with AL-CRAB-MM and should therefore be considered as AL with MM.

8510 Background: RRMM patients (pts) who have exhausted treatment (Tx) with bortezomib (BORT) and lenalidomide (LEN) or thalidomide have a poor prognosis with short overall survival (OS). HiDEX is a well-established standard Tx in RRMM. POM has demonstrated clinical efficacy in pts refractory to LEN and BORT. MM-003 compared POM + LoDEX vs. HiDEX in RRMM pts who failed LEN and BORT and who progressed on their last Tx. Methods: Pts must have been refractory to last prior Tx (progressive disease [PD] during Tx or within 60 days) and failed LEN and BORT after ≥ 2 consecutive cycles of each (alone or in combination). Pts were randomized 2:1 to receive 28-day cycles of POM 4 mg D1–21 + DEX 40 mg (20 mg for pts aged > 75 y) weekly or DEX 40 mg (20 mg for pts aged > 75 y) D1–4, 9–12, and 17–20. Tx continued until PD or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included OS, overall response rate (ORR; ≥ partial response), and safety. Analyses were based on intent to treat. Results: 455 pts were randomized to POM + LoDEX (n = 302) or HiDEX (n = 153). The median number of prior Tx was 5 (range 1-17). 72% were refractory to LEN and BORT. Median follow-up was 4 months. POM + LoDEX significantly extended median PFS (3.6 vs. 1.8 months, HR = 0.45, P < .001) and OS (not reached vs. 7.8 months, HR = 0.53, P < .001) vs. HiDEX. The OS benefit was observed despite 29% of HiDEX pts receiving POM after PD. The trial met the primary endpoint of PFS, crossed the upper boundary for OS superiority, and the Data Monitoring Committee recommended crossover from HiDEX to POM ± DEX. With updated data, the ORR was 21% for POM + LoDEX vs. 3% for HiDEX (P < .001) and 24% vs 3% for pts randomized ≥ 6 months post-enrollment (P < .001). The most frequent grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs) for POM + LoDEX vs. HiDEX were neutropenia (42% vs. 15%), anemia (27% vs. 29%), and infection (24% vs. 23%). Discontinuation due to AEs was infrequent (7% vs. 6%). Updated data will be presented. Conclusions: POM + LoDEX significantly extended PFS and OS vs. HiDEX in pts who failed LEN and BORT. POM + LoDEX should become a standard of care in RRMM pts who have exhausted Tx with LEN and BORT. Clinical trial information: NCT01311687.

TPS8116 Background: Eukaryotic translation initiation Factor 5A (eIF5A) has been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis and is the only known protein to be modified by hypusination. Hypusinated eIF5A is the predominant form of eIF5A in cancer cells. However, in its unhypusinated form, eIF5A is pro-apoptotic. SNS01-T, designed to treat myeloma, consists of two components: a plasmid DNA expressing eIF5AK50R (human eIF5A containing a lysine to arginine substitution at position 50) which remains pro-apoptotic because it cannot be hypusinated, and an siRNA against an untranslated region of native eIF5A mRNA. When these two components are combined with linear polyethyleneimine (PEI), the nucleic acids are condensed into nanoparticles for protection from degradation in the blood and enhanced delivery to tissues. The eIF5AK50R transgene is under the control of the B29 promoter and enhancer, which restricts expression to B cells. The mode of action of SNS01-T is to use an eIF5A-specific siRNA to deplete the pool of hypusinated eIF5A in myeloma cells while simultaneously adding pro-apoptotic eIF5AK50R. In vitro cell studies and in vivo xenograft studies have demonstrated the efficacy of this approach. Methods: Eligible patients are enrolled sequentially into four cohorts of increasingly higher doses. Each cohort will receive SNS01-T by intravenous infusion twice weekly for 6 consecutive weeks and then be observed every 4 weeks during a 24-week follow-up period. Eligible patients must have been diagnosed with multiple myeloma according to IMWG criteria, have measurable disease, have relapsed disease after two or more prior treatment regimens, have a life expectancy of at least 3 months, and not be eligible to receive any other standard therapy known to extend life expectancy. The primary objective is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of multiple escalating doses of SNS01-T. Secondary objectives include pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity studies, proinflammatory cytokine quantitation, and therapeutic efficacy. Two of the planned 15 patients have been enrolled. (Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT01435720.)

8105 Background: Tumor stage migration can artifactually inflate cancer survival rates and overestimate benefits of newer therapies. We have previously shown a favorable impact of widely used novel agents in MM patients. However, it is not known whether use of well tolerated and easily administrable novel agents results in their introduction at lower levels of MM burden (and therefore add to improved outcome). Our goal was to assess for stage migration in newly diagnosed active MM patients. Methods: We reviewed records of 1,467 patients with active MM at Mayo Clinic, at initiation of therapy from 3 consecutive 5-year intervals: 01/1996-12/2000 (Group 1), 01/2001-12/2005 (Group 2), 01/2006- 12/2010 (Group 3). These intervals reflect the practice changing approaches at our center transitioning from the use of alkylator-based to novel agent-based initial therapy. Traditional parameters and staging systems were used to estimate tumor burden. We performed one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess for differences in these parameters among the groups. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Group 3 shows an upward trend for hemoglobin (Hgb), and lower creatinine and bone marrow plasma cell (BMPC) percent. Compared to other groups, a greater proportion of Group 3 patients are assigned to lower Durie Salmon (DS) stages (Table) suggesting reduced tumor burden at therapy initiation. In contrast, the International Staging System (ISS) which is not used for decisions regarding therapy initiation divides cohorts in similar proportions. Conclusions: Stage migration is evident in our cohort of active MM patients presenting in the time periods of evolving initial therapeutic strategies. Future studies should take into account the bias introduced by this phenomenon in interpreting survival analysis of MM patients. [Table: see text]

8092 Background: High dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplant (SCT) remain an integral part of the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Despite the introduction of several new drugs, disease relapse remains inevitable and a second SCT often allows continued disease control. Methods: We examined the outcomes in 105 patients (pts) undergoing a second SCT (SCT2) for relapsed MM, from among 1033 pts receiving initial transplant between 1994 and 2009. Patients receiving an allogeneic SCT post SCT2 were not included in the survival analysis. Results: Median (range) age at SCT2 was 60 yrs (35-74) and the time between SCTs was 46 mos (10-130). The median follow-up was 5 yrs from SCT2. The median (range) number of regimens between the two SCTs and from diagnosis was 2 (0-7) and 3 (1-11), respectively. Conditioning regimen was Mel 200 in 85 (81%) pts. Median (range) CD34 cells infused was 4.6 (2.5-25 million/kg). Hospitalization was required for 53 pts (50%), median hospital stay was 7 days.. Median time to ANC of 500 and platelets of 50,000 were 13 and 16 days, respectively. Treatment related mortality was seen in 5 (5%) pts. A partial response or better was seen in 95 (90%) pts, including a stringent CR in 10%, CR in 19%, and VGPR in 21%. Stable disease or progression was seen in 7 pts and 3 pts died prior to disease assessment. The median (95% CI) PFS and OS after SCT2 were 10.4 (8, 14) and 33 (28, 51) mos, respectively. The median OS was not reached and 33 mos respectively, for those obtained a CR and those with <CR, P=0.03. FISH pre-SCT2 was available for 73 pts; the PFS and OS were not affected by the presence of high-risk MM. In multivariate analyses, shorter duration of response to SCT1, higher plasma cell (PC) labeling index at SCT2, more regimens used prior to SCT2 all predicted shorter PFS and OS post SCT2. Lack of CR to SCT2 was also significantly associated with shorter PFS. Conclusions: Second SCT is an effective therapy for eligible pts relapsing after other treatments. It provides a meaningful duration of response and appears to be well tolerated. Pts with longer duration of response to first transplant and those achieving a CR appear to have maximum benefit.

8043 Background: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal pathway controls cell proliferation and survival. The trial's goal was to determine the anti-tumor activity and safety of single-agent everolimus (TORC1 inhibitor) in patients with relapsed/refractory Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM). Methods: Eligible patients had measurable disease (IgM monoclonal protein >1000 mg/dL with >10% marrow involvement or nodal masses >2 cm), a platelet count ≥75,000 x 106/L, a neutrophil count ≥1,000 x 106/L. Patients received everolimus 10 mg PO daily. Tumor response was assessed after cycles 2 and 6 and then every 3 cycles until progression. Results: 60 pts were treated. The median age was 64 years (range, 43-85). The median number of prior therapies was 3 (range, 1-11). All but two patients (97%) had received prior rituximab based therapy and 64% of patients had received prior alkylator based therapies. The overall response rate (complete response CR+ partial response PR+ minimal response MR) was 73% (95% CI: 60-84%), with a PR of 50% and 23% MR. The median time to progression (TTP), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) for the entire study population is 28 months (mos), (95% CI: 18-not reached (NR)), 22 mos (95% CI: 12 0-NR), and 55 mos (95% CI: 55-NR), respectively. The estimated PFS at 12 and 24 months is 62% (95%CI: 51-75%), and 48% (95%CI: 37-63%), respectively. The 30 patients who achieved a PR responded after a median of 2 months (range, 1-26) of treatment. The median duration of response (DR) for these patients has not yet been reached and 19 of these patients remain in response after a median follow up of 31 months (range, 3-54). All but two patients had a decrease in their serum IgM. Grade 3 or higher related toxicities were observed in 67% of patients. The most common were hematological toxicities with cytopenias. Pulmonary toxicity occurred in 5% of patients. Dose reductions due to toxicity occurred in 63% of patients. Conclusions: Everolimus has high single-agent activity with an overall response rate of 73% and manageable toxicity in patients with relapsed WM, and offers a potential new therapeutic strategy for this patient population.

8096 Background: The combination of lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Len-Dex) is a commonly used initial therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. While the short-term outcomes with respect to response and toxicity is well-known, long-term outcome with this combination as initial therapy is not well described. Methods: We studied 286 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed MM seen at our institution, who received initial therapy with Len-Dex, and who had complete follow up records. Data regarding the clinical course was obtained from medical records. Results: The median (range) age at diagnosis was 63 (28-92) yrs; 166 (58% were ≤ 65 yrs and175 (61%) were male. The median estimated follow-up was 3.9 yrs (95% CI, 3.4, 4.2) and 203 (71%) pts were alive at the time of last follow up. The median estimated duration on Len-Dex was 5.3 mos (95% CI, 4.6, 6.4). The best overall response (≥PR) was 72%, including 26% with VGPR or better and 14 (5%) not being evaluable for a response. At last follow up, 41 (14%) patients were continuing on therapy. There were 93 pts (32%) who stayed on therapy for 12 months or more. Among these patients, the ORR was 86%, including 45% with VGPR or better. The median overall survival (OS) for the entire cohort from diagnosis was 7.4 yrs (95% CI; 5.8, NR) and the estimated 5-yr survival was 67%. There were 16 (5.5%) pts who died within a year of diagnosis. The median time to first disease progression, irrespective of transplant status, was 30.2 mos (95% CI, 25, 42). Overall, 143 (50%) of the patients have gone to stem cell transplant. Censoring those patients who proceeded to SCT prior to relapse at the time of BMT, the median TTP was 25.5 mos (95% CI, 22, 29). The median OS was 7.4 yrs for those ≤65 yrs, compared with 6.2 yrs for the older patients (P=0.01). The 5-yr OS estimate for patients in ISS stage 1, 2 and 3 were 82, 65, and 44 months respectively. Conclusions: The current study provides long-term estimates of responses and survival in a series of patients treated initially with lenalidomide and dexamethasone. The median survival of nearly 8 years reflects the efficacy of the novel agents both at diagnosis and at relapse and confirms the survival improvements seen in MM in the last decade.