Citations

Key Points Lenalidomide consolidation repairs T-cell immune synapses in CLL patients. Lenalidomide consolidation improved the quality of response in CLL patients treated with chemoimmunotherapy.

The extraosseous and intraosseous vascular anatomy to the fifth metatarsal as visualized in a group of below-the- knee amputation specimens has been described. The extrinsic circulation to the area is provided by the dorsal metatarsal artery, the plantar metatarsal arteries, and the fibular plantar marginal artery. These three source arteries supply branches to the metatarsal and adjacent joints. The intraosseous vascularity consists of a periosteal plexus, a nutrient artery, and a system of metaphyseal and capital vessels.

Stimulated by a recent controversy regarding pressure drops predicted in a giant aneurysm with a proximal stenosis, the present study sought to assess variability in the prediction of pressures and flow by a wide variety of research groups. In phase I, lumen geometry, flow rates, and fluid properties were specified, leaving each research group to choose their solver, discretization, and solution strategies. Variability was assessed by having each group interpolate their results onto a standardized mesh and centerline. For phase II, a physical model of the geometry was constructed, from which pressure and flow rates were measured. Groups repeated their simulations using a geometry reconstructed from a micro-computed tomography (CT) scan of the physical model with the measured flow rates and fluid properties. Phase I results from 25 groups demonstrated remarkable consistency in the pressure patterns, with the majority predicting peak systolic pressure drops within 8% of each other. Aneurysm sac flow patterns were more variable with only a few groups reporting peak systolic flow instabilities owing to their use of high temporal resolutions. Variability for phase II was comparable, and the median predicted pressure drops were within a few millimeters of mercury of the measured values but only after accounting for submillimeter errors in the reconstruction of the life-sized flow model from micro-CT. In summary, pressure can be predicted with consistency by CFD across a wide range of solvers and solution strategies, but this may not hold true for specific flow patterns or derived quantities. Future challenges are needed and should focus on hemodynamic quantities thought to be of clinical interest.

AbstractIntroduction.The incidence of colorectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is increasing, and patients with this disease have particularly poor prognoses. Treatment options are limited, and survival times have not improved in the past decade.Methods.A post hoc analysis of the efficacy and tolerability of everolimus plus octreotide long-acting repeatable (LAR) was conducted in patients with colorectal NETs enrolled in the phase III RAD001 in Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors, Second Trial (RADIANT-2) study. The primary endpoint (progression-free survival [PFS]), secondary endpoints (including objective response rate), and safety were assessed.Results.Patients with colorectal NETs receiving everolimus plus octreotide LAR had a significantly longer median PFS (29.9 months; n = 19) than did those receiving placebo plus octreotide LAR (6.6 months; n = 20). Everolimus plus octreotide LAR treatment also significantly reduced the risk for disease progression (hazard ratio: 0.34; 95% confidence interval: 0.13–0.89; p = .011). Although no objective responses were observed, tumor shrinkage was more frequently noted in the everolimus plus octreotide LAR arm than in the placebo plus octreotide LAR arm (67% vs. 37%, respectively). The combination of everolimus plus octreotide LAR was generally well tolerated by patients with colorectal NETs; rash and stomatitis were the most commonly reported adverse events.Conclusions.Everolimus plus octreotide LAR treatment had significant benefits and improved outcomes for patients with advanced colorectal NETs compared with placebo plus octreotide LAR treatment. Results of this exploratory analysis are consistent with those reported from the RADIANT-2 primary analysis. These findings support additional investigations of everolimus plus octreotide LAR in patients with colorectal NETs.