Venur, Vyshak Alva

Purpose of reviewMeningiomas, the most common primary brain tumor, have historically been managed with surgery and radiation. Traditional chemotherapy has not been effective. Fortunately, recent advances in genetic sequencing have led to an improved understanding of the molecular drivers in meningioma. This article aims to discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of recently discovered genetic alterations in meningiomas.Recent findingsMany of the recently discovered genetic alterations correlate with distinct clinical phenotypes.SMO,AKTandPIK3CAmutations are enriched in the anterior skull base.KLF4mutations are specific for secretory histology, andBAP1alterations are common in progressive rhabdoid meningiomas. Alterations inTERT,DMDandBAP1correlate with poor clinical outcomes. Importantly, the discovery of clinically actionable alterations in a number of genes, includingSMO,AKT1andPIK3CA,has opened up novel potential avenues for therapeutic management of meningiomas. Overexpression of PD-L1 in higher grade meningiomas also provides preclinical support for the investigation of checkpoint blockade.SummaryThe discovery of genetic alterations has improved our understanding of the natural history and classification of meningiomas. Clinical trials with several novel agents targeting driver mutations are currently accruing patients and they can lead to better treatment strategies.