Grossardt, Brandon R.

Abstract Objective: We studied eight mental health conditions diagnosed before bilateral oophorectomy performed for nonmalignant indications. Methods: We identified 1,653 premenopausal women who underwent bilateral oophorectomy for a nonmalignant indication in Olmsted County, Minnesota, during a 20-year period (1988-2007). Each woman was matched by age (±1 year) to one population-based control who had not undergone bilateral oophorectomy before the index date (age range: 21-49 years). Both cases and controls were identified using the records-linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP http://www.rochesterproject.org). For eight mental health conditions, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) adjusted for race, education, and income using conditional logistic regression. Results: Pre-existing mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and somatoform disorders were associated with increased risk of bilateral oophorectomy in overall analyses. These associations were also significant in women ≤45 years of age at index date. Personality disorders were associated with increased risk only in overall analyses and adjustment disorders only in women 46 to 49 years of age. Some of the associations were significantly different across strata by age at index date and by indication. There was also a linear trend of increasing adjusted ORs from 1.55 (95% CI 1.31-1.83) for one mental health condition to 2.19 (95% CI 1.40-3.41) for three or more conditions (trend P < 0.001). Conclusions: We identified several mental health conditions that were associated with bilateral oophorectomy for nonmalignant indications. Awareness of these associations may guide women and physicians in future decision-making and limit unindicated bilateral oophorectomies. Video Summary: http://links.lww.com/MENO/A458.

Objective: Reported epidemiologic data surrounding vestibular schwannoma (VS) are controversial. Temporal bone prevalence studies have suggested that VS affects up to 2.4% of the population, whereas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have reported VS to affect 0.017%. Moreover, existing population-based data seem to underestimate the commonness of VS. In an attempt to reconcile temporal bone, radiologic, and population-based reports regarding VS, the current study was conceived to determine the modern prevalence of VS using a unique epidemiological database. Patients: All persons living in Olmsted County, Minnesota on January 1, 2017 with a confirmed diagnosis of sporadic VS identified using the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) medical records-linkage system. Main Outcome Measures: Prevalence of all VS and asymptomatic, incidentally diagnosed VS. Results: Sixty-seven persons from a population of nearly 160,000 were living with VS on January 1, 2017, resulting in a point prevalence of 42.0 per 100,000 persons. The prevalence increased with older age, reaching 212.4 per 100,000 in those ≥ 70 years. Including only persons who have undergone head MRI, the prevalence of asymptomatic, incidentally diagnosed VS was 69.9 per 100,000 among adults age 20 years and older. Conclusions: Using the unique infrastructure of the REP, the current study suggests that the clinical prevalence of sporadic VS approximates 1 in 2,000 adults and 1 in every 500 persons aged 70 years and older, with the prevalence of incidentally diagnosed tumors closely paralleling past MRI studies. These data characterize a shift in the modern patient demographic of sporadic VS, as now many people bearing a diagnosis of VS would have previously died without knowledge of their disease. Moreover, they typify an unfolding transition from an era of microsurgery and radiosurgery to the beginnings of an era that will be largely comprised of “chronic disease management.”

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to estimate the extent of potential antidepressant overprescribing in a geographically defined U.S. population, and to determine the indications and factors that account for it. We conducted a cohort study of new antidepressant prescriptions for elderly residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, 2005‐2012, using the Rochester Epidemiology Project medical records‐linkage system. Indications for antidepressants were abstracted from health records for all cohort members. Potential antidepressant overprescribing was defined based on regulatory approval, the level of evidence identified from a standardized drug information database, and multidisciplinary expert review. Predictors of potential antidepressant overprescribing were investigated using logistic regression models, stratified by general antidepressant indication (general medical indication, specific psychiatric diagnosis, and non‐specific psychiatric symptoms). Potential antidepressant overprescribing occurred in 24% of 3199 incident antidepressant prescriptions during the study period, and involved primarily newer antidepressants that were prescribed for non‐specific psychiatric symptoms and subthreshold diagnoses. Potential antidepressant overprescribing was associated with nursing home residence, having a higher number of comorbid medical conditions and outpatient prescribers, taking more concomitant medications, having greater use of urgent or acute care services in the year preceding the index antidepressant prescription, and being prescribed antidepressants via telephone, e‐mail, or patient portal. In conclusion, potential antidepressant overprescribing occurred in elderly persons and involved mainly newer antidepressants used for non‐specific psychiatric symptoms and subthreshold diagnoses, and was associated with indicators of higher clinical complexity or severity and with prescribing without face‐to‐face patient contact.

Abstract Objective: We studied the long-term risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms in women who underwent bilateral oophorectomy before menopause. Design: We conducted a cohort study among all women residing in Olmsted County, MN, who underwent bilateral oophorectomy before the onset of menopause for a noncancer indication from 1950 through 1987. Each member of the bilateral oophorectomy cohort was matched by age with a referent woman from the same population who had not undergone an oophorectomy. In total, we studied 666 women with bilateral oophorectomy and 673 referent women. Women were followed for a median of 24 years, and depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using a structured questionnaire via a direct or proxy telephone interview performed from 2001 through 2006. Results: Women who underwent bilateral oophorectomy before the onset of menopause had an increased risk of depressive symptoms diagnosed by a physician (hazard ratio = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.04-2.26, adjusted for age, education, and type of interview) and of anxiety symptoms (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.33-3.95) compared with referent women. The findings remained consistent after excluding depressive or anxiety symptoms that first occurred within 10 years after oophorectomy. The associations were greater with younger age at oophorectomy but did not vary across indications for the oophorectomy. In addition, treatment with estrogen to age 50 years in women who underwent bilateral oophorectomy at younger ages did not modify the risk. Conclusions: Bilateral oophorectomy performed before the onset of menopause is associated with an increased long-term risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Bilateral oophorectomy in premenopausal women is a unique condition causing the abrupt and premature loss of ovarian hormones, primarily estrogen. Bilateral oophorectomy causes an alteration of several fundamental aging processes at the cellular, tissue, organ, and system levels, leading to multimorbidity, frailty, and reduced survival. However, many questions remain unanswered.

ABSTRACTBackground: Limited population‐based information is available on the co‐occurrence of dementia and PD. However, projecting the prevalence of PD with and without dementia during the next 50 years is crucial for planning public‐health and patient‐care initiatives.Objectives: The objective of this study was to project the prevalence of PD with and without dementia in the United States by 2060.Methods: We used the Rochester Epidemiology Project medical records‐linkage system to identify all persons with PD with or without dementia residing in Olmsted County, Minnesota, on January 1, 2006. A movement disorders specialist reviewed the complete medical records of each person to confirm the presence of PD. We calculated the age‐ and sex‐specific prevalence of PD with and without dementia and projected U.S. prevalence through 2060.Results: We identified 296 persons with PD with and without dementia on the prevalence date (187 men, 109 women); the overall prevalence increased with age from 0.01% (30‐39 years) to 2.83% (≥90 years). The prevalence of PD without dementia increased with age from 0.01% (30‐39 years) to 1.25% (≥90 years). The prevalence of PD with dementia increased with age from 0.10% (60‐69 years) to 1.59% (≥90 years). The prevalence was higher in men than in women for all subtypes and all age groups. We project by 2060 an approximate doubling of the number of persons with PD without dementia and a tripling of the number of persons with PD with dementia in the United States.Conclusions: The prevalence of PD with and without dementia increases with age and is higher in men than women. We project that the number of persons with PD in the United States will increase substantially by 2060. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society